SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 40
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
The U.S.     TelecommunicationsIndustry : 1996-1999Case 2-4BT2C,[object Object]
Outline,[object Object],[object Object]
RBOCs
AT&T
MCI WorldCom
Sprint
Qwest
Technological Developments,[object Object]
The Telecommunications Act of 1996,[object Object],	Enacted by the U.S. Congress on February 1, 1996, and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on February 8, 1996, provided major changes in laws affecting ,[object Object]
The Telecommunications Act of 1996,[object Object]
The Telecommunications Act of 1996,[object Object], 	The law's main purpose was to stimulate competition in telecommunication services. ,[object Object],The law specifies: ,[object Object]
The 1996 Act aims to "preserve and advance universal service [254(b)]. This means:,[object Object]
Who are the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs)?,[object Object],	The original 7 RBOCs were formed from the 1984 breakup of AT&T.  AT&T originally consisted of 22 Bell Operating Companies (BOCs).  The 1984 Divestiture merged the 22 BOCs into 7 RBOCs:,[object Object]
Who are the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs)?,[object Object]
Who are the Long-Distance Carriers?,[object Object]
Financial Data For major long-distance carrier 1996,[object Object],In million dollars,[object Object],at&t		= 52,184,[object Object],MCI		= 18,494,[object Object],Qwest 		=      231,[object Object],Worldcom 	=   4,485,[object Object],Sprint		= 14,045,[object Object]
Financial Data For major long-distance carrier 1997,[object Object],In million dollars,[object Object],at&t		= 51,319,[object Object],MCI		= 19,653,[object Object],Qwest 		=      697,[object Object],Worldcom 	=   7,351,[object Object],Sprint		= 14,874,[object Object]
Financial Data For major long-distance carrier 1998,[object Object],In million dollars,[object Object],at&t		= 53,223,[object Object],MCI*		=         0,[object Object],Qwest 		=    2,243,[object Object],Worldcom 	= 17,678,[object Object],Sprint		= 17,134,[object Object]
The largest provider of local, long distance telephone services in the United States, and also serves digital subscriber line Internet access and digital television. AT&T is the second largest provider of wireless service in the United States, with over 81.6 million wireless customers, and more than 150 million total customers,[object Object]
at&t Timelines,[object Object]
MCI, Inc. was an American Telecommunications subsidiary of Verizon Communications that is headquartered in Virginia. The corporation was originally formed as a result of the merger of WorldCom (formerly known as LDDS followed by LDDS WorldCom) and MCI Communications, and used the name MCI WorldCom followed by WorldCom before taking its final name on April 12, 2003 as part of the corporation's emergence from bankruptcy. The company formerly traded on NASDAQ under the symbols "WCOM" (pre-bankruptcy) and "MCIP" (post-bankruptcy). ,[object Object]
MCI Timelines,[object Object]
 Sprint Nextel Corporation is a telecommunications company based in  Kansas.The company owns and operates the third-largest wireless telecommunications network in United States, with 49.3 million customers. Sprint is a global Internet carrier and makes up a portion of the Internet backbone. In the United States, the company also operates the largest wireless broadband network and is the third-largest long distance provider.,[object Object]
Sprint Timelines,[object Object]
Qwest Communications International, Inc. is a large telecommunications carrier. Qwest provides local service in 14 western U.S. states.,[object Object],	Qwest provides voice, backbone data services, and digital television in some areas. It operates in three segments: Wireline Services, Wireless Services, and Other Services. ,[object Object],Qwest Communications also provides long-distance services and broadband data, as well as voice and video communications globally. ,[object Object]
Qwest Timelines,[object Object]
Technology and Innovation,[object Object]
Technology and Innovation,[object Object]
Technology and Innovation,[object Object]
DSL,[object Object],	DSL or xDSL is a family of technologies that provides digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network. DSL originally stood for digital subscriber loop, but as of 2009 the term digital subscriber line has been widely adopted as a more marketing-friendly term for AsymmetricDigital Subscriber line (ADSL), The download speed of consumer DSL services typically ranges from 384 kilobits per second (kbps) to 20 megabits per second (Mbps), depending on DSL technology, line conditions and service-level implementation. Typically, upload speed is lower than download speed for ADSL and equal to download speed for the rarer Symmetric Digital Subscriber line (SDSL),,[object Object]
DSL technology expands,[object Object]
DSL technology expands,[object Object]
Look at just a few ways people can use the Internet to add value to their lives:,[object Object]
Cable modem,[object Object],	cable modem is a type of network bridge and modem that provides bi-directional data communication via radio frequency channels on a cable television(CATV) infrastructure. Cable modems are primarily used to deliver broadband Internet access in the form of cable Internet, taking advantage of the high bandwidth of a cable television network. They are commonly deployed in Australia, Europe, and North and South America. In the USA alone there were 22.5 million cable modem users during the first quarter of 2005, up from 17.4 million in the first quarter of 2004,[object Object]
Future of Cable modem,[object Object],In 2007 Comcast Corp shows off for the first time in public new technology that enabled a data download speed of 150 megabits per second, or roughly 25 times faster than today's standard cable modems. ,[object Object],	 The new cable technology is crucial because the industry is competing with a speedy new offering called  FiOS, The top speed currently available through FiOS is 50 megabits per second, but the network is already capable of providing 100 Mbps and the fiber lines offer nearly unlimited potential.,[object Object]
Future of Cable modem,[object Object], "If you look at what just happened, 55 million words, 100,000 articles, more than 22,000 pictures, maps and more than 400 video clips,". "The same download on dial-up would have taken two weeks.",[object Object]
Dense Wavelength-division multiplexing,[object Object],	In fiber-optic communications, Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) is a technology which multiplexes multiple optical carrier signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (colors) of laser light to carry different signals. This allows for a multiplication in capacity, in addition to enabling bidirectional communications over one strand of fiber. This is a form of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) but is commonly called wavelength division multiplexing.,[object Object]
How to WDM work?,[object Object],WDM systems are popular with telecommunications companies because they allow them to expand the capacity of the network without laying more fiber. By using WDM and optical amplifiers, they can accommodate several generations of technology development in their optical infrastructure without having to overhaul the backbone network. Capacity of a given link can be expanded by simply upgrading the multiplexers and demultiplexers at each end.,[object Object],	This is often done by using optical-to-electrical-to-optical (O/E/O) translation at the very edge of the transport network, thus permitting interoperation with existing equipment with optical interfaces.,[object Object]
How to WDM work?,[object Object],	Most WDM systems operate on single mode fiber optical cables, which have a core diameter of 9 µm. Certain forms of WDM can also be used in multi-mode fiber cables(also known as premises cables) which have core diameters of 50 or 62.5 µm.,[object Object],Early WDM systems were expensive and complicated to run. However, recent standardization and better understanding of the dynamics of WDM systems have made WDM less expensive to deploy.,[object Object]
Internet Telephony,[object Object],	Internet telephony also transmits using data packets. Analog voice signals are digitized, sent in discreet packets to the destination, reassembled and reverted back to analog signals. By using Internet telephony, one can place long-distance calls free of telephone charges. The catch is that both parties must have Internet telephony software. If Internet telephony is used to call a land-line or cell phone, charges apply, though they are usually minimal. ,[object Object]

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

broad band
broad band broad band
broad band
 
Broadband Presentation CA1-Part 1
Broadband Presentation CA1-Part 1Broadband Presentation CA1-Part 1
Broadband Presentation CA1-Part 1
 
CANTO Presentation July 2009
CANTO Presentation July 2009CANTO Presentation July 2009
CANTO Presentation July 2009
 
Cellular Connectivity: Changing the Landscape of the Cellular Backhaul Market...
Cellular Connectivity: Changing the Landscape of the Cellular Backhaul Market...Cellular Connectivity: Changing the Landscape of the Cellular Backhaul Market...
Cellular Connectivity: Changing the Landscape of the Cellular Backhaul Market...
 
An Overview Of The Telecom Industry For MBA Students
An Overview Of The Telecom Industry For MBA StudentsAn Overview Of The Telecom Industry For MBA Students
An Overview Of The Telecom Industry For MBA Students
 
REPORT ON ADVANCED TELECOM
REPORT ON ADVANCED TELECOMREPORT ON ADVANCED TELECOM
REPORT ON ADVANCED TELECOM
 
4 g technology
4 g technology4 g technology
4 g technology
 
Brief introduction of wi max technology
Brief introduction of wi max technologyBrief introduction of wi max technology
Brief introduction of wi max technology
 
Gsmcdma
GsmcdmaGsmcdma
Gsmcdma
 
How 2G, 3G, 4G changed the world of media.
How 2G, 3G, 4G changed the world of media.How 2G, 3G, 4G changed the world of media.
How 2G, 3G, 4G changed the world of media.
 
Technology evolution 1.0v
Technology evolution 1.0vTechnology evolution 1.0v
Technology evolution 1.0v
 
1.5g tech
1.5g tech1.5g tech
1.5g tech
 
Mozilla petition
Mozilla petitionMozilla petition
Mozilla petition
 
Telecommunication
TelecommunicationTelecommunication
Telecommunication
 
3g Wireless Technology Paper Presentation
3g Wireless Technology Paper Presentation3g Wireless Technology Paper Presentation
3g Wireless Technology Paper Presentation
 
Broadband Presentation
Broadband Presentation Broadband Presentation
Broadband Presentation
 
5G positioning technology
5G positioning technology5G positioning technology
5G positioning technology
 
Bsnl best ppt
Bsnl best pptBsnl best ppt
Bsnl best ppt
 
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
 
Broadband power point
Broadband power pointBroadband power point
Broadband power point
 

Andere mochten auch

History of mobile apps
History of mobile apps History of mobile apps
History of mobile apps Swathi Young
 
6 Rules for Building Amazing Apps for Mobile & Tablet Devices
6 Rules for Building Amazing Apps for Mobile & Tablet Devices6 Rules for Building Amazing Apps for Mobile & Tablet Devices
6 Rules for Building Amazing Apps for Mobile & Tablet DevicesBrian Fling
 
History Of The Development Of Mobile Applications
History Of The Development Of Mobile ApplicationsHistory Of The Development Of Mobile Applications
History Of The Development Of Mobile Applicationsemmaroberts477
 
#MobileRevolution - How Mobile Is Changing You
#MobileRevolution - How Mobile Is Changing You#MobileRevolution - How Mobile Is Changing You
#MobileRevolution - How Mobile Is Changing YouAlexandre Jubien
 
Going Native: The Anthropology of Mobile Apps
Going Native: The Anthropology of Mobile AppsGoing Native: The Anthropology of Mobile Apps
Going Native: The Anthropology of Mobile AppsJosh Clark
 

Andere mochten auch (6)

History of mobile apps
History of mobile appsHistory of mobile apps
History of mobile apps
 
History of mobile apps
History of mobile apps History of mobile apps
History of mobile apps
 
6 Rules for Building Amazing Apps for Mobile & Tablet Devices
6 Rules for Building Amazing Apps for Mobile & Tablet Devices6 Rules for Building Amazing Apps for Mobile & Tablet Devices
6 Rules for Building Amazing Apps for Mobile & Tablet Devices
 
History Of The Development Of Mobile Applications
History Of The Development Of Mobile ApplicationsHistory Of The Development Of Mobile Applications
History Of The Development Of Mobile Applications
 
#MobileRevolution - How Mobile Is Changing You
#MobileRevolution - How Mobile Is Changing You#MobileRevolution - How Mobile Is Changing You
#MobileRevolution - How Mobile Is Changing You
 
Going Native: The Anthropology of Mobile Apps
Going Native: The Anthropology of Mobile AppsGoing Native: The Anthropology of Mobile Apps
Going Native: The Anthropology of Mobile Apps
 

Ähnlich wie BA401 II-4 Telecommunications

An introduction to cable modem systems
An introduction to cable modem systemsAn introduction to cable modem systems
An introduction to cable modem systemsherooftit
 
Transmission Media।।Circuit Switching।।Telephone Network।।DSL।।Cable Modems।।...
Transmission Media।।Circuit Switching।।Telephone Network।।DSL।।Cable Modems।।...Transmission Media।।Circuit Switching।।Telephone Network।।DSL।।Cable Modems।।...
Transmission Media।।Circuit Switching।।Telephone Network।।DSL।।Cable Modems।।...sabbirantor
 
Unit 1 network models & typical examples(part b)
Unit 1 network models & typical examples(part b)Unit 1 network models & typical examples(part b)
Unit 1 network models & typical examples(part b)Vishal kakade
 
Evolution Of Communication Networks
Evolution Of Communication NetworksEvolution Of Communication Networks
Evolution Of Communication NetworksAmogh Gupta
 
2c wired transmission
2c wired transmission2c wired transmission
2c wired transmissionkavish dani
 
Broadband in the dublin 12 area persentation
Broadband in the dublin 12 area persentationBroadband in the dublin 12 area persentation
Broadband in the dublin 12 area persentationEmmaColeman
 
Asymmetric digital subscriber line
Asymmetric digital subscriber lineAsymmetric digital subscriber line
Asymmetric digital subscriber lineAshwani Kumar
 
10700119013_abir.pptx
10700119013_abir.pptx10700119013_abir.pptx
10700119013_abir.pptxAbir337561
 
Report on Trends in DSL AND ADSL
Report on Trends in DSL AND ADSLReport on Trends in DSL AND ADSL
Report on Trends in DSL AND ADSLVarun Gangishetty
 
Uses Of Voice Over Internet Protocol
Uses Of Voice Over Internet ProtocolUses Of Voice Over Internet Protocol
Uses Of Voice Over Internet ProtocolTara Hardin
 
Broadband technology wired and wireless
Broadband technology wired and wireless Broadband technology wired and wireless
Broadband technology wired and wireless DILSHAD AHMAD
 
Ravi yadav.ppt
Ravi  yadav.pptRavi  yadav.ppt
Ravi yadav.pptRavi Yadav
 
5 g communication
5 g communication5 g communication
5 g communicationBasil John
 

Ähnlich wie BA401 II-4 Telecommunications (20)

An introduction to cable modem systems
An introduction to cable modem systemsAn introduction to cable modem systems
An introduction to cable modem systems
 
Transmission Media।।Circuit Switching।।Telephone Network।।DSL।।Cable Modems।।...
Transmission Media।।Circuit Switching।।Telephone Network।।DSL।।Cable Modems।।...Transmission Media।।Circuit Switching।।Telephone Network।।DSL।।Cable Modems।।...
Transmission Media।।Circuit Switching।।Telephone Network।।DSL।।Cable Modems।।...
 
Unit 1 network models & typical examples(part b)
Unit 1 network models & typical examples(part b)Unit 1 network models & typical examples(part b)
Unit 1 network models & typical examples(part b)
 
Broadband
Broadband Broadband
Broadband
 
Evolution Of Communication Networks
Evolution Of Communication NetworksEvolution Of Communication Networks
Evolution Of Communication Networks
 
2c wired transmission
2c wired transmission2c wired transmission
2c wired transmission
 
Wireless Communication
Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication
Wireless Communication
 
Broadband in the dublin 12 area persentation
Broadband in the dublin 12 area persentationBroadband in the dublin 12 area persentation
Broadband in the dublin 12 area persentation
 
4G Technology. Essay
4G Technology. Essay4G Technology. Essay
4G Technology. Essay
 
Asymmetric digital subscriber line
Asymmetric digital subscriber lineAsymmetric digital subscriber line
Asymmetric digital subscriber line
 
10700119013_abir.pptx
10700119013_abir.pptx10700119013_abir.pptx
10700119013_abir.pptx
 
Report on Trends in DSL AND ADSL
Report on Trends in DSL AND ADSLReport on Trends in DSL AND ADSL
Report on Trends in DSL AND ADSL
 
Chapter 9
Chapter 9Chapter 9
Chapter 9
 
Ch09
Ch09Ch09
Ch09
 
Uses Of Voice Over Internet Protocol
Uses Of Voice Over Internet ProtocolUses Of Voice Over Internet Protocol
Uses Of Voice Over Internet Protocol
 
Broadband technology wired and wireless
Broadband technology wired and wireless Broadband technology wired and wireless
Broadband technology wired and wireless
 
Ravi yadav.ppt
Ravi  yadav.pptRavi  yadav.ppt
Ravi yadav.ppt
 
5989 4766 en
5989 4766 en5989 4766 en
5989 4766 en
 
5 g communication
5 g communication5 g communication
5 g communication
 
Celia Desmond
Celia DesmondCelia Desmond
Celia Desmond