AVT session 4: Cleaning, Disinfection & Biosecurity

Harm Kiezebrink
Research Fellow
Faculty of Veterinary Science Queensland University

Avian Influenza
is very easy to transmit…
Unless you decontaminate…
© 2014 Applied Veterinary
Technologies Europe AB
2

Poultry workers
can be infected very easy…
 Some soaps when used
with water
 Many household
detergents / cleaners
 Disinfectants and
Chemicals
Unless they deactivate the virus by keeping themselves clean…
3

Viruses can be
gone with the wind…
Stop all traffic on – to –
from the farm
 Park cars from responders
at least 300 meters away
from the farm against the
wind direction
 Strict entrance control
 Ban housing of workers
on the premises
4

Viruses are masters in escaping…
 Red zone - immediately around
the IP – Restrict access only to
directly responders involved in
culling activities
 Orange zone – accessing the Red
zone – Restrict only to Cleaning
& Disinfection staff
 Yellow zone – Exclusion zone –
No access allowed
 Green zone – Restricted area
dedicated for administration,
registration, staging and storage
for the operation
Unless you contain them…
5

Avian Influenza is a survivor…
Virus can survive:
 Up to 4 days at 22oC
 35 days at 4oC in poultry manure
 > 30 days at 0oC in water
 Several days in carcasses at room
temperature or up to 23 days if
refrigerated
… unless it’s destroyed by cleaning & disinfection
6

Decontamination
 During an avian influenza outbreak, heavy contamination (
environment, people and equipment) occurs during:
 Physical contact with infected animals and contaminated
materials
 Culling
 Carcass disposal
 Cleaning & Disinfection
 Handling manure, bedding, and debris from equipment
 Transportation
 Decontamination is the process of removing, destroying, or
reducing the activity of unwanted contaminants such as
bacteria, fungus, and viruses
 Decontamination of personnel, equipment and materials is
necessary to keep the virus from spreading to other locations
7

Why decontaminate?
 To stop viruses from spreading
 To prevent human infections
 To prevent reintroduction of
infections
 To maintain biosecurity at farms
and live bird markets
 To allow for safe repopulation
8

Decontamination in 3 steps
1. Stop virus reproduction
2. Cleaning
3. Disinfection
9

Step 1
Reduce the virus load
• Soak bird carcasses directly
after culling with disinfectant
or soapy water
• Close down the house and wait
24 hours before removal of the
carcasses
• Prevent the infection to be
transmitted by rodents: begin
pest control program
10

Step 2
Cleaning
• Wet cleaning reduces the risk of aerosolization of virus
• Use a detergent and low pressure washer (if available)
and thoroughly soak
− Ceilings
− Walls
− Floors
− Nest boxes
− Feeders
− Fans and other equipment
• Allow 10 minutes for detergent to penetrate and then
scrub everything accessible with a scrub brush
11

Step 2
Cleaning
 Clean first before you disinfect:
Organic material such as
excrement or dirt absorbs
disinfectants and makes them
less effective
 Always work from the top down
 Start at the ceilings, then the
rafters, then the walls (top to
bottom) and finally the floors
 Wooden equipment is hard to
clean and disinfect
12

Always be alert!
 Viruses survive well in water
 Water can spread viruses through
ground water
 Rinsing with water is not enough
 Both detergents and disinfectants must
be used
13

Phase 3
Disinfection
 Avian influenza virus is killed by:
 Sunlight
 Heat
 Drying
 Most soaps and disinfectants;
they destroy the envelope and
thus kill the virus
14

Disinfectants
Chemical Group Examples
Oxidizing agents Hydrogen Peroxide
Virkon®
Alcohols Isopropyl, Ethanol
Halogens Betadine (iodine)
Sodium hypochlorite
Phenolics Lysol
Tek-Trol
Quaternary Ammonium Roccal, Quatracide
Coal Tar Distillates Cresol and Cresolic Acid
Aldehydes Glutaral, Glutaraldehyde, Formaldehyde
15

Phase 3
Disinfecting
Virkon® is the most commonly used disinfection product
during outbreak situations
 To electrical equipment like fans and other poultry
equipment, using a soaked cloth
 To Spray all areas, including cages, floors, walls & ceilings,
barnyards, and paths
 Allow the disinfectant to soak for at least 24 hours before
rinsing
16

VIRKON®
How to apply
 Virkon ® is usually sold as a pinkish gray or
yellowish orange powder
 The powder is mixed with water to form a
1 or 2% solution
 The color is useful because the color fades
with time indicating that the disinfectant
needs to be replaced
17

PPE
Personal Protection Equipment
 N-95 Respirator
 Tyvek Coveralls
 Shoe Covers
 Goggles
 Aprons
 Gloves
18

The use of Lye,
Potash and lime water
 Use sodium hydroxide (lye) or
potassium hydroxide (potash) to
turn carcass and other infected
organic materials into a sterile
aqueous solution
 Disinfect village footpaths and roads
with calcium hydroxide (lime water)
 Allow disinfectant to soak in for at
least 30 minutes
19

Related risks
Transportation
 Transmission of the virus has been
strongly linked to transporting live birds,
contaminated dead birds or litter in
vehicles
 Bird feces and litter are amongst the
biggest dangers for spreading the avian
influenza virus:
 Disinfect cages and crates when moving
birds
 Be sure to decontaminate all vehicles and
equipment!
20

The aftermath
 Once the virus has been destroyed, the
manure and feed should be removed
down to a bare concrete floor.
 If the floor is earthen, one inch or more of
soil should also be removed.
 The manure should be buried at least 5
feet deep.
 Manure can also be composted.
 At least 90 days, depending on
conditions
 Tightly cover with black polyethylene
sheets to prevent the entry of birds,
insects, and rodents
21

Recovery
 Test the entire infected area and its equipment
for the occurrence of infections and repeat the
decontamination procedure every 7 days (both
cleaning and disinfecting) as long as clinical
testing on infections are positive
 Sentinel birds may help to determine if
disinfection is complete
 Repopulation should not occur until the
outbreak has been declared eradicated
 OIE recommends waiting 21 days after removal
of last infected birds
22

Biosecurity
 Biosecurity practices are followed to prevent the spread of disease,
including the creation and implementation of a biosecurity plan.
 A biosecurity plan is a set of procedures that are followed during daily
operations to prevent the spread of disease at a worksite and should
include:
 Prevention of AI
 Detection of AI
 Quarantine of AI infected birds and
materials
 Control of AI outbreaks
 Workers should follow the decontamination plan and cleaning and
disinfecting procedures in the site’s biosecurity plan to avoid carrying
the AI virus off their worksite.
23

Involve the staff
Be aware of the signs
Use posters
 Be sure everyone involved in handling
poultry watches for signs of disease among
flock and/or unusual or suspect mortality
Notify the vet
 If type or number of deaths is suspicious
(over 5%), notify local veterinary
authorities
Notify the community
 While the veterinary authorities conduct
an outbreak investigation in the
surrounding area, notify the community of
the incident, especially neighbors, (family
of) staff members and suppliers
24

Biosecurity
on commercial poultry facilities
Isolation
 Keep flocks separate from all other animals,
especially wild birds
 Remove items that attract wild birds & pests
(standing water, weeds, spilled feed, etc.)
 Control pests and predators that may spread disease
Traffic control
 Signs should be posted at farm entrances to stop
casual visitors from entering the farm
 No visitors should enter poultry houses without
prior arrangement with the farm manager
 No visitors that have visited other chickens that day
should be allowed entry
 Employees should not be shared between farms
25

Farm workers
Risks awareness
Actively involve poultry staff
 Poultry workers should be trained and supervised in active bio security
 Poultry workers should adhere to biosecurity principles such as
covering food & water and removing other attractants on the farm to
keep wild birds away
 Poultry workers who have been in contact with wild birds (hunting) or
other animals on life markets should not be in contact with poultry on
the farm without cleaning and disinfecting themselves
 Authorize one of the poultry workers to create/implement a biosecurity
improvement plan
26

Farm location
Avoidable risks
 Poultry workers should not live in dorms at
the farm, the risks are simply too big that
they cause infections to enter the farm
 Biosecurity is not enforceable in situations
where workers live their normal life in and
around their dorm:
 No fruit trees or growing vegetables
 No pets like cats and dogs
 No unnecessary visitors to the farm
 No laundry outside the dorm
27

Farm location
Avoidable risks
 The farm needs to be free from bushes, trees,
and wheat. They create locations for birds to
rest, nest and feed.
 Areas around feed mills become local dining
places for wild birds and rodents if spills are
not removed
 Cranes feed themselves on feed rests and
insects in manure, especially around
fermentation facilities if not capped clean
28

Biosecurity
Task: Identify at least 10 biosecurity infractions in this picture
29

Question and Answer
What’s on your mind?
 30
30
© AVT Applied Veterinary Technologies Europe AB
Address details: c/o INTRED, Södra Hamnen 2, 45142 Uddevalla, Sweden
Org.nr: 556792-1944 - Phone: +44 7452 272 358- E-mail: harm.kie@gmail.com

AVT session 4: Cleaning, Disinfection & Biosecurity

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AVT session 4: Cleaning, Disinfection & Biosecurity