General principles of Crew Resource Management for Aviators

1. CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
C R M: GENERAL
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3. BACKGROUND
AND
HISTORY

4. ICAO RESOLUTION 1986
To improve safety in aviation
by making States more aware
and responsive to the importance of
Human factors in civil aviation operations
through the provision of practical
human factors material and measures
developed on the basis of experience
in States

5. Accidents/Incidents Analysis
Compelling Observations on Causes
• Ineffective Communication
• Inadequate Leadership
• Poor Group Decision Making

6. 70 %
Accidents/Incidents

7. EVOLUTION
OF
CRM TRAINING
CONCEPTS

8. CRM TRAINING: CONCEPT
First generation
Initiated by United Airlines in 1981
Focus was on
Psychological Testing
Leadership
Inter Personal Skills
Also recognised that the Training was not a single
event and needed periodic recurrent training
Reluctance amongst Pilots to accept the training
programme

9. CRM TRAINING: CONCEPT
Second generation (1986)
Airlines had gained experience in CRM
NASA conducted Workshop
Points that emerged
• CRM would get embedded in the Basic Training
• Crew -> Cockpit Resource management
• Additional concepts of Briefing Strategies,
Situational Awareness, Stress Management,
Team Building etc emerged
Acceptance by aircrew improved

10. CRM TRAINING: CONCEPT
Third generation (1990)
• CRM Training integrated with Technical
Training
• CRM issues addressed Flight Deck Automation
• Human Factors
• Extended to other crew/personnel
• Joint Cabin/Cockpit CRM training
• Advanced CRM Training concepts

11. CRM TRAINING: CONCEPT
Fourth Generation
• Integrate CRM in regular procedures
• Concept of Advanced Qualification Programme
• Integrate CRM and LOFT Training to Technical
Training
• Airlines could voluntarily adapt AQP
• Integrate CRM into Checklists
• Effectiveness Evaluation Procedure

12. Director General of Civil Aviation
Advisory Circular 8 of 2009
For Air Operators
Lays down the procedures for conduct of
CRM Training

13. SYLLABUS

14. COMMUNICATION
One definition of communication is “any act
by which one person gives to or receives
from another person information about that
person's needs, desires, perceptions,
knowledge, or affective states.
Communication may be intentional or
unintentional, may involve conventional or
unconventional signals, may take linguistic
or non-linguistic forms, and may occur
through spoken or other modes.

15. LEADERSHIP

16. TEAM WORK

17. DECISION MAKING

18. ERROR MANAGEMENT

19. SITUATIONAL
AWARENESS

20. STRESS AND
FATIGUE

21. AUTOMATION

23. CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Thank You
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