The document provides an overview of the game of chess, including: - The origin and basic setup of the game, with two players using white and black pieces on a chessboard. - The objective is to checkmate the opponent's king by placing it in a position where it cannot escape capture. - Descriptions of the movement and capturing abilities of each type of chess piece - pawns, rooks, bishops, knights, queen, and king. - Additional chess concepts covered include notation, promotion of pawns, relative piece values, exchanges, checks and checkmates, stalemate, repetition of moves, and castling.

1. hessNotes
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2. x
''1
.,
Oiigin of Chess
in
theoryherein Indiais thatchesswas invented Indiaby Mandodariwife King
of
A popular
that
So
Ravana. we.canpresume the gameis 5000ygarsold.
-
centur!the popularity chesshasincrejased
drarnatically,
of
especially
Sincethe late eighieenth
matches tournaments.
and
with the introduction
ChessMen
y
with a setof chessmen
with two players
two
The gameof chessis warfoughtbetween players
"chessboard".
call'ed
each on a square board
playswitha set of white andthe otherwithBlack pieces.
The rulestipulates
One player
that
playerwithwhite pieces startthe game.
to
Object of the Game
is
the
object to capture King.
Chessis war and in anywar thelprime
.
-
is
the
objectof chess to "Checkmate oppositeKing". The "Checkmate"
is
Therefore
position
capture beingattacked enemy
on
the
whenKingcannot
escape
by
as
described the
'Check
the
The
chessmen. sidethatdeclares
and Mate'wins garne.
of
Placement Ghessboard:
E€gs*g€x
i
Y
a fr r t J
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ti
ii
.. Whitesquare Right
on
handCorner
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3. .tu
*
Chess
Men
@.'*"
chesspieces
*
Weueen W
H**
E
S"Bi:ir1o,r2
A @, a Aro*n
A
n*o,
White
King
Black
1
1
Queen 1
1_
Rook
z
2
Bishop z
2
Knight
z
2
Pawn
I
8
Total 16
16
Arrangement Chesspieces
of
1' The piecesareset up in the
first row of squares
each sideof ttre player.
2' The pawnsaresetup in the
secondrowof squares eachside
on
of theplayer.
3 Eachof the Rookwill occupy
the corner
square.
4 Eachof the Knightwill occupy
the squarenextto the
Rook.
5 Each of the Bishop
will occupy square
the
nextto the knight.
6 The white queenwill occupy
the whiteand Blackqueenwiiloccupy
theBracks(iij;rf
i:.
will standon reversecolorat
startof the ganre.white
Kingon Brack
*h,L:'"n
and Bliir.ri
i(ingon
8 The pawnsare praced
on
1
'i4dJ
the 2 nd row of squarein frontof pieces.
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4. MOVEMENT
ROOK
'
or VerticallY
HorizontallY
line
onlyin a straight either
wilt
ROOK move
of ROOK'
the
shows movement
Diagram
tr
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$l:1"[xTff:J.."":1i:iln:':?::3'T
3r'ilil iliJ:,
H,T':H i:H::',;
WhiteRook on e4
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5. t
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B
I
6
c
11
3
l)
1
BISHOP OVEMENT
M
You can moveBishop and downdiagonaily rongas it has
up
as
path.
crear
Withboth Bishops, chessployercon gel to otl the squqres
o
of the chessboord
Below
diagram
showsthe movement Bishop.
of
a
7
6
'J
*5
I
2
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CAPTURE
WITHBISHOP
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6. j9.
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;
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l
.
t
--
ROOK.
can
BISHOP capture
diagram
In below
s
7
a
o
4
.,f
,}
t
a
h
c
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t
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S
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MOVEMNT
QUEEN
and mix the iogether.
in
eueen is whatyougetwhenyou put ROOKand BISHOP blender
conibine.
like
that moves ROOKand Bishop
Queenis like a superpower
the
shows queenmovement.
Belowdiagram
s
-t
6
J
.)
,
t
,
CAPTURE
WITHQUEEN
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7. In the belowdiagram
some of the
eueen capturerookon a7 BISHOP
onD2andBISHOp
on
s
T
6
a
4
s
2
T
D
T
a
b
c
Knight Movement
Knightare the onlypieceswho
are
allowed Jump overthe pieces.
to
Knightrnovesin L shape.
Belowdiagramshowsthe knight
movement.
L
6
4
?
c
*
f
n
b
c
d
Qapturewith Knight
lh belowdiagram
KniEht d5 cancapture
on
alleightpawns.
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8. :n-b
f,"
t
fi
7
6
6
v'
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{
3
=t
Pawn
tlre
forward firsttime theyare
oneor two Squares
can
l) Everyoneof tlre l6 Par,vns move
tnoved.
at
one squafe tltetinte'
can
Afterthis,thePau'us llloveonly
can
Patvus onlYrnoveforrvard
a1
I
6
..{
I
4
t
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14
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9. i
,
t
a
PawncaPture
Below
diagram
ahead them.
of
diagonally
one
in
PawnscancaPture onlY way .Onthe square
capture
showsthe Pawn
I
T
6
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KINGMOVEMENT
ol
but
it
like
Queen: con movein ony direclion onlyone squore
A Kingisbosicolly o rnini
oroundboth the Kings}
the
o lime.{Highlight squores
in
chessmen the scmewoy osit moves.
Kingcon copturetheopposing
the
shows KingMovement.
Below
diagram
,
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10. I
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Chess Notation
l n a l g e b r a i c N o t a t i o n i s d i v i d earelabeled kton d F i l e s . T t r e R a n k s o n H o r i g o n t a | s q u a r e s a r e
d i n t o R a na a h'
squares
labeled1 to B 'TheV"'tC"f
capitalletter
by a single
Piecesare identified
K - King
Q - Queen
R - Rook
B - BishoP
N - Knight
as
it is assumed
rf piecesare prefixed
identifier. no
pawnneednot hav
pawn moves?
what if
Pawnmovemdnt'
e4'
written
is simply
lo
has moved e|so this
the Pawn
ln the diagrambelow
g

11. capturesareindicated an
with x between pieceidentifier
the
and squarewherethe capture
rhe
ff:J:lT*ff"n
Bishop
in Ji.gram
oerowon reft wi,be
"rp*r"r;re Rook trru
the it
J
E
when a Pawncaptures.a
piece,
instead usinga piece
of
jdentifieryou
usethefile
ro.itio-rio.ffi captrire pu*n
*re
T[u
;HTliJ,,.:ll?.or*.''
capturethe wourd
on risht
2
=
4
s
d
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e
E
r0
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a
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12. €
between
them
To
pieces move to the samesquare. distinguish
can
identical
Occasionally
pieces on the
lie
if
ofthe piecethatis moving theambiguous
eitherthe fileidentifier
include
bothrookscanmove
if
samerank,or the rankidentifierthey lie on the samefile.Forexample,
ln
be
to
would ambiguous. order distinguish
oh
b5
to the square in thediagram the leftso Rb5
of
include rankidentifier theb2
the
should
the Rookon b2 fromthe Rookon b7 the notation
Rookas in R2b5.
Pawn'sspecialPower Promotion
itselfto Queen,Rook,
it
the
Whena pawn reaches endo the chessboard, cantransform
as
as
it
of
vast
of
or
Bishop Knight samecolor.ln majority cases willbepromoted Queen it is
pieceon the chess
board
mostpowerfr-tl
Valueof theChessfdlen
Relative
Queen= 9 Pawns
Rook = 5 pawns
=
Bishop 3 Pawns
=
Knight 3 Pawns
o
Exchange f Pieces.
a
T6eexchangeinchessreferstoasituationinwhichoneplayerlosesaminorpiece(i.e
to
winstherookis said nave
The
the
but
Look. sidewhich
bishop kniqht) captures opponent's
or
more
therookis usually
since
player ios/theexchange,
has
while other
$ won the exchange, the
player
and
I valuable.
thathas wonthe rookis up theexchange, ttreother
the
Alternatively, side
moves'although
on
oftenhappen consecutive
captures
The opposing
is down theexchange
although
losetheexchange'
to
detrimental
lt
necessary.isgenerally
thisis notstrictly
(see
sacriftce
is
do
to
one
occasionally mayfind reason purposely so:the result an exchanqe
II

13. 1
]
l i
[13?;,il,iryisa|esscommontermfortheexchangeofabishopilli|i$i|i|;"ii
Check.
It isnot ollowed to moke Q
move. such lhof ones king
is in check ofter the
moi,r..,j ,,
tries moke
to
such move. must
o
he
iokethemovebock : ; : ,
cri,,
:i?,"ffitjientlv
,1&
,%
CheckMate
l/he' a playeris in check'
andhe catnof'rake a nrove
suchtrratafterthe'1ove,
n' ismatei'rr'"
theking is rLrr
piuv",',iu,
i, n.'o,rJlor,,i. and prayer
*u,,,,., rrre
rhar.,,, j , :
r; ,
l-,?Tii;l[:
'€
IRote t^ere three
t'at
are
differe'r.
possibrc to rer.rovecrreck:
*,ays
a
i , M o ve th e ki r
he not
z t"l.ln" piJ.%:il"lt il:T,:":i.ere is incheck
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14. ri
r
or
bishop queen:! move o piece between
by
iln cqse of o check,given o rook,
king'
ine cnecfingPieceond lhe
CheckMateExamPle'
Stalemate
bul he isnot in clreck' ihen the ployeris
When o ployerconnot mokeony legol move,
sojdtobesfolemofed.|nocoseofostolemote,thegomeisodrow
lhe
move, gonreiso stolemote
Whenblcck must
R e s i g na n d d r a w P r o P o s a l s
has q'on'
rvhichmeansthathe has lost andhis opponent
the
A ptayercan r.esign game,
catracceptthe llroposal(in
a
canpropose dratr':his opponent
maki.g i:]ln.ve, a player
AfteL
gattre
tlic
refuse llroposal(in wlrich casethe
vi4iichcase[lie gun1..ni, andis a draw) or
continues)
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15. t
Repetitionof moves
re is repeated
threetirnesin thegame,theplayer
akea certaincastlingnlove i,
IoliUy oneof the
-fine
considered bedifferent.For
to
ttre
poini, of
one caservhere repetition ntove
the
of
occursis wher a playercontinues give
to
checkforeve
50movesrules
If thereare havebee'50 consecutive
moves rvhiteandof brackrlritrrout
of
"
.
orlY piece ioken
qny pqwn mOve
tItenaplayercanc|aimadratt,.For[hefinepointsoftlrisru|e,seeth.@
Touchingpieces
whe' a playertouches of his.
one
orr,,n
pieoes, rnus[, possibre,
he
if
marce legalmovewiththis
a
piece.wtre^ a ptayer
roucties pi"". oirr,"
u
;;;,, if possible,
takethispiece.
";,i;",,;;;'i,;
En Passent
P?ylr capture
opponent,s
pier
additional thatpawns i
way
are
le move
immediately your
after
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16. EH
i
i
b
-------Castling
- -.r
^nnnot hove moved
of ollso
lBoththes0sin,il::"#-Jli-'.ff::I'.I':'fi:':3il':Li;ii'[l]'i^ih"ti"t
''
(rrieonttu rrru' "
in tne gome
ior
poth
btockingthe
row)' - ..+
orrrsrv'vother pieces
be no
end up tn
nor con he
Z. tneie musi
is inritioied,
the move
n check when
by their
-^ *-nrt ore under oitock
e iscompleted.
ll-lu Jruv' squoreS
ve throughony
^, ^^,,o moved of oil so
in e st
nsth rir
Ifiii:'ililIl !i I'u*'
'::.i??
l:*'ffin':li'ff
ond the
betweenihe KJng
ihe p'othin
pret-c: t rotring
"'be other
.rst nb otn.r r,";,
must be no
6' There
row)'
bYthetr
oreunderottock
,}
d r.itl
B-efore
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17. Why We Castle
Whileyou don't olwoysneed o reoson Costle,
to
thereore cerfoininstonces
when it con provideyou with o distinct
strotegic
odvontoge. Hereore o few
situotions whichyou mighl wont to Cqsfle:
in
l . lf on opponenlisclosing on yourKinq{butdoesn,f
in
hove it
in ,,check,,yet),
costlingcqn be c greotwoy to mo've
your Kinqout of dongerond intoo corner
where it ismoreeosily
prolected.
2. Costling
con help get your Rookout of the cornerond give it morefreedom
lo
move.
:,
Check Mote in One Move.
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18. 't
-5
Whiteio move ond checkmotein one move
,-t
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.
t
White to move ond checkmote in one move
White to move ond checkmote in one move
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19. t
White lo move ond checkmote in one move
wb
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20. Name
Checkmate in *ne R{ove
b
:
f
5
J
z
1
I
q ' i
d
c
to
White move.'Mate:in
ll
c
d
e
t
to
,Vhite move.
Mate 1l
in
I
f
o
5
I
lo
,t'hite moveMatein I !
in
White moie. Mste I !
to
[o
r/hite moveM,:te 1l
in
c
d
e
l
Whiteto move Matein'l !
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6
5
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Copyright 2003- 2004
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Checlnnate in One Move (Beginner)
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22. !.,-/
!-
-,,lj
WhlteIo move ond Eheckmote in one move
White!o move ond checkmoie in one nrove
in
U/hiteto rnove ond checkmcrt-e one move
00

23. i .
Rulesof Chess Frequent
Askedeuestions
Ihisis o storting
collectionof questions peoplehove qsked
lhot
me obout the rulesof
qnd theironswers. olso:
chess,
See
pown FAe.
Rules Chess:
of
If I ha'e only a ki^g reft,rrow many moves
does my opponenthaveto mateme?
T h e s h o r t o n s w e r i s : 5 0 . T h e r u l e h o s o f e w d e t o i l s , o n d .
Can kings checkotirerkinfs?
No' A king moy not move to o squorenextto onofher
king,becouse then thismove
wourd pur the king thot rnovesorsoinrocheck, which
is iilegor.
It is possible niakea move with a king such
to
that theother-king checked even
is
(or
mated):
ttn.n
suppose whitesking is between
that
u'hites
rook andbtacksking-;;;;;il;;
theking
mo/es
au'ayfrom the line,he discltses checkby the
the
rook. lllt .dd u Ji;;ranr in thefurure.)
Can queenscastle?
No. Queens connol cosfle.
Canyou tell me if thereis sucha rule asking,s
facingin chess(wherelrothliings are
line
r,r'ifh
eachother)? this iltegal?
Is
Kingsmoy foce eoch olher. whot is not
ollowed forking's lo be of odjocent
is
positions
(seeobove): moving o king next
to onotherking meons to move fhe
king into check,
bui it is perfectly legol for kingsto be of
the scrne row or colurnn wifh no pieces
between lhem.
confusion
mayhavearisen
frorna ruleol'Xiangqi chinese
chess. tliatgame,
In
ther.e
indeed
is
a rulewhichdisallows
kingsto .sce
each
other,,
Cana l<ingnrovedfo square
t'at is attacked a 'inned piece?
by
on fhe chessboord, ihere is the foltowing
situotionone ployer.soy whife,
'pinned'by
hos o knight,
fhof is
o bisho of the opponent,i.e., t!'reknightis
p
befween fhe b/ock
bishop ond fhe white king,so if the
knight
woutd move,rhen lhe king is c/recked.
Isin
fhissituo/io brack ctilowedto move
n
fo o squareof/ocked by the knight?
so, such o move is nor oilowed.The kingwourd
be on o square,otiocked by piece
o
of
itsopponent' ihot lhisottocking piece
would put itsown kingin check when
it would
toke the kingis not importonthere - whot
motlersisrhot it cqn rnove to the
squorewith
the king on it.
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24. black king, andwhite would
is thatthe white knight couldtake the
rogicsbehind the rule
The
than blackcould takethe whiteking'
takethe black king *'fi"t
[ n t h e e xa mp l e ,th e b l a ckki r.r gmaynotmovetob5( theSquar er nar kedr vithar edc i r c l e) ,
is
thatsquare pinned'
*t,ii" tt* *i ir" tnign' thatatiacks
Canakitrgrnor,etoasquarethatisattackedorllybyapiecethatwherrtnovedrvouldputlris
orvn king in check?
No'Akingmoynevermovetoosquoreihotisatlockedbyopieceoftheopponenl;
r e g o r d l e s s w h e t h e r t h i s p i e c e i s . p i n n e d . ( w o uos c o u s e cthe c k t ointo check' g ) w h e n
td
h e kingi i s o w n k i n
be
would still regorded moving
moved or not. Sucho move
questiott'
to
the
See exatnllle theprevious
when I can?
Must t caPture
No.Coptureisnoiobligotoryinchess.(Thereisonecosewhereonemustcopiure:
W h e n y o u r k i n g i s i n c h e c k o n d t h e o n | y p o s s i b i | i tcopture') e c h e c k i s t o c o p t u r e . l n o | |
ytoliftth
io
ployercon decide whetheror not
coses,tl-re
other
neareachother?
stancl
Canl<ings
No'Movingokingtooposiiionodjocent|othekingoftheopponen|iSconsidered
cnd hence not ollowed'
moving ones fing-intocheck'
to
rrrate, tnake
beforechess
I
trror,e lrave
tlre
except l(irrg,ltow trrany
If t lravelost everything
6
rf there
for whiteond 50moves for brock'
of movesis 50,i.e.,50 moves
i#'^;;r"r
hos
ployers moved o
of
movesin whichneither the
50 consecutive
hove been (ci leost)
pown,ondinwhich,noptecer'osoeenlokenthenoptoyerconcloimodrowwheniiis
histurniomove.Theruteolsoopplieswhenbothp|oyershoveotherpiecesbesides
#

25. t
the
opponent q pown, counr osoin
hos
the
srorrs wherr i .i:
ii(
llSXiJfl;tJ;Ill"
Can a king castleafter having been
in check
con o ployer cosf/e if his king wos
checke d earrier the game? (whenfhe
in
p/q.ri,g-.,
1.,,,.,,,
checked' he responded by placing
anotherp'ece befween his Kng
ond,tt,
opponenfs oftacking piece" he
did not move thp king.) puf onother
weydoi..s r.tt>tri<;
checked outomoticory disquorif ployer
yo
from costing taterin the gome?
the king hos nol moved.the opposingpiece
.,/.r,.1,;1"1r,iru,_
wos simptyb/ocked oyZnotner.pr*c:e"i
Can a l(ing attackn hen he is in check
or.lnusf
:,:.:t".T;ii,l'i;jll
-ingcan
attack
rvlren isin check. ontycondirion
he
The
is rtrat is'or irr
he
lf I arn in check can I capture
the piece that has me in check
as long as I clon,t put m;,
back in checlc?
sglf
Yes.
Consider followingsimple
the
situof :
ion
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26. andthe queen
as
mated he cantakethe queen'
but
the
In this example, blackking is in check, not
is not defended.
your king
you are allowed to switch or castle
Is it true that at the veryfirst move of the gante,
and queen?
of chess'
No. Thereis no suchmove in the stondord rules
rnovewltenhe couldcapfure
to
Is a pawnaLlowed makea non-capturing
it
the pCIwncon kill, connot iustmove
someone soid thof o pown connof posso Kll.lf
oheadone spoce. ls thof true?
thereis no
with the rulesof clteckers:
may beconfused
No, thatis not true.ThisperSon
cleck): when
way to escape
is theo*ly possibte
whentakir-rg
;tli;;;;.y capturein cheis(except
the
evenrvhen pawn
thatsquare'
ffisy6ou. to
the
is
of
;h" ;q;; ahead thepar.vn ernpty, pawu
makea eaPture'
could instead
on
while havingalreadya queen the
of
a
If one rnoves parvnto the othersic{e the board
queen?
can
boarcl, olle geta second
yes.lnthiswoy,onecongettwo,orevenmorequeens.l'veseengomesployedby
hod three queens (by two pown
ot
young ployers ihe locol chessclub where o ployer
promotions)'
Isitlegaltotaketlrepiecetorvlrichapawnispronrotedirrtlrenextmotre
i
i
q u e e n 'T h eq u e s t i o ns : i st l e g o l f o r
s u p p o s eo p o w n i sp r o m o t e dt o s o m ep l e c e , e . g . , o
move ofier the promotion?
the opponent to ioke thot piece in the very first
'fhe
piece'
as
piece be
answet'is: Tltoprornotecl oan taken'iust an)'otlier
5's,,
trtre?
takea kirrg.Is tl.ris
I lt,astold that a pawncannot
powns'
con be ottocked by ony piece' including
No, thisisnot lrue' Kings
r'vitli
lnay lravearisen thefolloq'in
A confusiort
Whent
piece'
by
it
r,r,hereis attacked anenemy
a
make legalmovein:
the
must undo nioveanci
games')
Bu
chess
but this is tlie rulefor normal
of
types pieces'
pawllsandother
betweett
or
rvhicha rook thatis attacked goestltroughcheck?
ls it allowedto castle
throughcheck' I'm
queen side).ccn I cosileif rny rook posses
tVhilecostling(on the
inio check' I know ihe
1'ot the kingmoy not cosile out of , (through),or
il;;tr;;;'oing
check,butcqn the rook poss
kingconnoi possthrough
specify.the
rulesollwcys
through.
h
F3

27. check, or better worded,throughon ottocked squore. when otl
Therook cqn poss
1.e.,
thafollowcostling
condiiions
ore met (rookond kinghcivenot moved,squores
between rookondkihg ore empty, kingdoes not costlefrom,through, to check),
or
-n
then costling ollowed,ond it is of no imporloncewhelherthe rookisottockedor goes
vio crnottockedsquorecastles
So,whenwhite
long,a blackattack a I or to bI does make castling no longer
to
not
that
is
allowed.
&
A
/-
l t
U
ln the diagrarn
above:
supllose
r.r,liite
king androokshave
neverrnoved.
Casttilglongis legalfor
u,hite,but in facttheworstrnove can make!
he
I)oesa playerrvin when his king reaches opponerits
the
side of the boaid?
Todoy lployed ogorne with my friend ond he sCIid won when he rnoyed hrskino
he
fo
my side of the boord. /s lhis o reo/ rule or o f oke rule?
Ihisrule is foke. Thereis no rulethol lellsthot o ployer con win by movinghiskingto
some position.
A gameof chess
iswon by rnating king<lf opponent. canalsowin if youroppopenr
the
the
You
resigns gatne,
the
orwhenusingchess
clocks, tinre, in an officialmatch
on
or
witlr anuibit"r,
tvheuthe arbiter
declares l'.ave (e.g.,
you
lost
you
because refuse oornply
to
with the rules.)
Caua bishoprnove
lrorizontally?
Ihe computer gome progrom lhove o//ows bishoplo move horizontoily. fhol
o
/s
legot
6 or on error of thisprogrom?
I
Ihisis indeed on eror of your progrom. Bishops
onlycon go diogonolly.
:ib

28. now?
Wn-at
left
I accidentLy my king in check
mY
piece thot wqs protecting kingond inodvertontlyexposed
I moveon intervening
gueenor rookor bishop'
iV pingfo the opponents
did
The opponent notpoint out my
takemYking'
turn, to
at
king'svulnerablilily the time but moved'when it washis
responsiblity,if any?Is there a proper etiquette
theopponent's
the
Did I lose game? Whattaas
for this siluation?
illegolmove' ond thisis noted' the
you did not lose the gome. when o ployermokeson
piece
qnd the ployer must moke onother move' Ihe touched
move mustbe undone,
piece
to
ii is possible moke o move with fhe intervening
rule opplieshowever. So,e.g.;if
then such o move mustbe mode' lf ihot isnot
lhot does not leof your king in check,
just
possible, onolher move mustbe mode'
chess
play rulesareused;thisuses
rl speed
your
yer for theentiregame'[n thatcase,
the
is illegalunder
Takingtheking
:gaI rnove.
exatnPle:
A simPle
+
A
;'t'':':_'i
,,,.l.:
r,,;,f "'
!ri..i'
as
he thinkshe can matethe black king' Ilo'uvever'
Suppose$4riternoveshis queento c5, wltere
play tlris
a6,the tnoveis illegal' Thus' he may not
his
this exposes king to theblackrook on
the queen' he must makea qlleell
move.As he hasalreadytouched
t19Vo,and rnustplay another
ttor*
while l.re sees
the
taking rookwith hisqueen'
play
;; hemust Qa7x a6,
to
is forced
he
move, maynotdo so:lte
betier
"fl""'i?'p"ilili rookwiththeuirtopis a nluch
the
thattaking
withhisqueeri'
legal
the
rnake onlypossibte move

29. i.
ls it allowedin thefirst moveto movetwo pawns square?
one
No.Thefirst
moveof o pown con be two squores, whileone issometimes
so
ollowedio
move one pown two squores.
one nevermoy move in one turn two pownsboth one
squore. onlywoy to rnovetwo of onespiecesof the sametirneiscosfling.
The
Movingfrom a checked
position another
to
checked
position
Playing
chesswitho ffiend,lput hisKng in check withmy rook. He then movedhrb
rKhg,
once to the right ond copturedmy pawn however,he did not reolize
that in mo?ng
thqf move, he wosvulneroble mY queen,so lcoptured hrsKrng.
to
Now,onofher friend
fhot wos wotchingsoidfhof he could nol rnoke thqt move becouse he puf hh Kingln
check and thotis notollowed.lthoughfond still
think,
thatif t put himrncheck ond he
mokesa move fhof doesn'ttakehim out of check.then I con copture hrsKing. lolwoys
thought that therulinginvolving Kng beingrn check wos lhof if o Kingis
a
NOIin
check he connofmqkeo moveto put hrmse/f check.however, he isrn check ond
in
if
mokeso rnovefhol keepshimincheck, thenlcon copiure.
Yourfriendwosrighf.
Chess nol won by copturing
is
kings by rnoting opponent.
but
the
lf o ployermokes illegolmove, one thotpufshiskingin check,he must
on
i.e.,
moke
'touched
onother
move,regordless wosin checkor not.(The
if he
piece'rule
opplies
heretoo!)
Of course,vl'hetla playeris in check,
and allmoves leadto a position where he still is in chok,
tltertlie is tnated'so he lost; attdwhen a playeris not in check but all nloves
leadto a position
rvherehe is in check,he is stalernated thc ganreis a drarv,
and
Does it rleall that 1'oulose the gamervherr
1,ouaccidenfly[<nockdow. 1,ourking?
I recenfly ployed in o high school duolmeet. My opponenf wos
beatingme ond during
my turn he knocked over hrsklng by mistoke. sfopped the ciocks
4/e
ond fhe gqme
ond osked our cooches if fhrs
rneonshe resigns
becouse t would occepf ihe
reslgnofion.Hiscooch soid ro keep ploying os rf it neverhoppened.
My opponent
eveniuolly beof me, olthough/soid ihof i occepf his misfokeresignoflon.
My questionis
ctidlor he win the game??
4,
s
I ogree wilh the cooch of youropponenl. Knockingdown
o king by occident while not
intending1o resign
does nof rneonone loses gome. Forinstonce,
the
when o ptqyer
reoches to get q cup of leo ond when doingso, occidenflyknocks
down hisking,this
does not meon he resigns, lhe gome should continue
jusi
ond
os if nolhinghoppened.
/hen playcrknocl<s
a
dou'n kingintending resign after.u,arcls t6athisposition
his
to
ancl
see
is
ttotbadattdr'r'artts continue
to
hou,ever, it is roo lite: hesigniliedto resign lnut is it.
then
unJ
So,indeed, opponent r,i,in garue.
the
did
the
C'1

30. j
'll. ,wosdown to mYkingond he hod o
,l
t(
Youwereright'Suchapositionispreciselywlratiscalledastalemate:draw.
the first rnove?
How do we decide'who has
Whs startsfirst in chess?
first'
pieces storts
The ptoyerwith the white
f,rrst
the playermentioned that
decidethis:it is alr.r'ays
directors
- Bob'ttrenAnua
the tournarnent
In a tournament,
to play says:Anna
so' iitttt list of games
first (andnenie or"i" *1-9)'
soss
second'
and goes
g"", i,iri;;J 8"6 ptavsbrack
rrasndrite
"*a
otte
rvtrite anda blackone'[n eachof
two parvns:,a
takes
oftenoneof theplayers
a
picksra*ciomly ha.d' and
ln othercase,
ptays
p*,n, oirrio;;;, -;; theother
'is .auds,'e has",* "rir-l.
he
hand hascltosett'
in
trtecnro' oi'l't po'u''' the
;i;;t;iltl
;i
,,jj
-
6
J

31. J q
i
CheckMatc With Tt'o Rooks
and Rook'
u'i{lt
to checkrnating the Queen
Rooksis verl' similar
rvith
the
because King is able to
Checkrnating trvo
.tt..t,n"utt o'itht'e tivoRooks
it rnay,.k";'li;;]""*"rfo
you shouldbe aimingfor to
However,
position
tr',c
Q'ee,r.Tlrisis the
rhenrmore,h"ri;';;; .ii"".r
arrack
King with tn'o Rooks:
tlre
checkmate enem,v
B
,i
o
5
4
J
l
I
TheRookcotll]rtestheKingrotlreetlgeo|'llreboarclandlheotherliookcleliverschecktlate'
I
1
6
of theboat'cl'
tlrc
I-et's thc King in 'l rliddle
nut
'
to the edge
e
The King lllustnow Di driven
cattbe delivered'
beforecheckmate
5
4
:l
,
1
l. Ra5+

32. I
't
6
4
]
)
I
l
0
l . . . . K d 6 .I t b 6 r
2
.t
t
,
€
I
t
€
I
2. ...Kc? Raa6
3.
a
.E
q
(
t
90

33. B
o
i
,l
-l
I
c
1
n
d
4
3 . . . . K d B. R b 7
,l
l
t
I
4.Raal
3. ...Kc8
3t

34. I
?
o
5
4
3
:?
I
U
7
I
3....Kds . tibS#
4
3
2
I
Pract checktnatiug
ise
n,ith trvo l(ool<s
against Kins rvitlia liiend
a
or cliess
contputer you
are confiderit deliver.ing
until
otclrccklriarc tliis!,a,.
irr
Check Mote Witheueen
d
Checkrnatilrg
r+,itlr King and Queen
a
"';g+'
i
: riri.
e

35. v $ 9
*f
- : 9
^
Knou'ledgc
in
enclgartleschcss'
basic
ol'thc nrost
is
vs.
king artclqueetl kirrgcheckrnate one
1-lre
eliough
Afler all' it isrl't
clress,
,,overkill,,
to
)'our
is
errdgaurescrucial ilnprovirtg
other
of t'is ancl
kirtg'
yottroppottertt's
-to
,,eecl beableto cltecknrate
to gailta u,iurrilgporitiOn yo|',
areaofnlovetrtcltt
beto
shor-rlcl lirnittlieIllack king's
wlrite'sfirst step
aboveFrom theltosition
area'
tlre
is
The queen idealat seating king intoa small
t'
king by plavirrg Qe5'
rhitecanbeginto limir Black's
Limit the King's MobilitY
6
3J

36. 4
3
2
1
Blackto nroveafler.
t. ec5
out[:l;u'"*
is nou'boxedirt' and u'ill
ne'ze'ach'ance (o' ber,o'cj)
ro
rhe mar.kr:d
srluares rrrc
in
T'hisilltrst.ates ir'por1ailr
an
poirr: it is not
alrr.a1,5
t<irig lirriit ,rtr''i,,,.nr bestto checkthe e'ern-vkilrg.lt is olierrbe.st
arrd ;ir
R.,,,.,,rr*,]il,oi'.r,.ckniare
i;,,fi[T,::flr:ut
isrrre ,orsirnDr
goar.
isas as uorv wrrite
gooda,,v. ca,r conrinue
rtll;[::tl,T:ff,i,filiJT,llil;
ronrakc
i;,,t;'t
frurthel"Lirnit theEnerny
King
€

37. r*
Black to not'e aftet'2 Qf6
Inovemerlts'
kirrg's
the IJlack
to
With 2. Qf6. ihite contittltes linrit
i h i t c ' s r r e x t t c u ' i r l o v e s r v i l l c c l n t i n u e t o l o l l o r v t l t i s s a t t l e s t r a t e g ) ' ' B l a cl-lre l l a t t e m p t t o s t a y
kwi
Kc7'
stlch
boardforas longaspossible.rvitlt.nroves as 2' "'
the
f'r'6rir edgeso{'the
arva1,
give up grottncl'
Blacli rrtust
*uiin:. Qe6 Kb7 4. Qi6, aftet'rvlrich
rniglrtcontinue
chase
Push theKing to an Edge
€
xi

38. t : ;
-1
4)
E
"*
E
,g
B l a c k t 0 I n o v ea f t e r 4 .
€r
,
eci6
BIack,s king rvill noy
h a v e t o r l . l o v eo
t e i t h e rl h e
accomplished
/l I ras
i,c
;;?:J :il1i.,;jllr,case
l':.,-;i
a nrajor
goaJ O.ivi,,g',l.r.,nfu.t
by
For^ exanrple,
our
Black
rvili;rlar,4. I{cg.
...
Piacetlreerreen
oxrthe Seconcl
Line
$

39. ts!/
Jf
-:.t
a
a
atier5' Qe?
Blackto rnoYe
We
there.
sta)'s
on
o t r c c t h e e l l e l l . ] . , k r r r g h a s l r e e n p the"sJco"c] l l e - t]terankor r p I tnextt 0 m l konet t r e h e
r ' r s l i e c i t oline' c l g e . i t ' s i n file a l t t to the e s
a
[;;;" on
this
accottrplish b1'p#;;;;;
ih. .n"n.tuking is trapped*utti.ft
F o t i n s t a n c e , i r i t l i i s ^ e x a r n l i l e , t h e lr.ll q,,"tr^,"lhe s b crtrttk r c e c ] , t os' rQe?'lllack's n o r c l e r t o e n S
] l a c k k i r r g l i a Ttli e t t f b1'playingt l e s t h r a r l k . o
o
moves
put. wlrite correctlv
the king stirys
c8'
Letu'eett b8 anda6'
to
l<ingis rtorvreclttcecl slrtifflirrg
Use the l(ing
s
t
jq
rl.;'*',

40. ' 9
,^a
(
,.b
B
jg
b
5
a.
e
e
n
Blackto moveafter7. Kc5
Thecltreen
cannot
checkntate enenr/
an
king b1'lrcrself.
]nsteacr. kin,s
the
and queen
lnusr *,ork
together finish game.
to
rhe
At thispoint,there's needl.orWhiteto trove
no
t
B,lack
!ing. lnstead,
he,can
bring lrisking closeri
Itisking backandforth n,ith,r.,ou,,, 5. ...
tile
XUt
diagramnred
lrosition
above.
Black,s
onl1,
legalru
Preparing Checkmate
the
3b

41. i , ;
.v
in
A rnate onefor White
lirrc-- tltat
move
shr:rtrlcl theirking to thethird
sicle
tlte
Llre
cxccuting chcckrnatc. s(rotrgcr
Ilefore
iltetl
-enctnyking a.*possible.
liirrg aSneal.the
fronltheeneln}.
is,tu,oranksot filestru,4l,
or
eaclrother sepalated
directll'oppoiing
ha'ing the'kings
tltteetr,
rvith
clreckrrrating a kirigatrd
t'illu'ork'
nl0ve"
by a "kniglrt's
White nc^vhas:r
al'ter
has
rvlrite accomplisheclrhis 8' Kb6 lic8'
above,
In thecliagrarn
to thertext page'
spotbeforecontinuing
itt
)'orrshotrld
checkmate onelnove,rvlrich
Checkmate
31

42. .l;
6
5
4
3
2
Chcckniare
after9. ec7#
/lrireu,insthegarne
jrlg
b),pla_r g.
et?ft.
A s . s i r u p la sl l r i s
e
encJr
staleruare
'exist,
p"r.,rrlri,'i#:::-t-t'nl.'{rpcar. llterearea couplerraps
vr,,.ic,*rr] lurr
r.r,arch for.
our
a cer.tairi inro
r.rvo
rvin
u #ul,rou,rj
Au

43. -.t
-l
White to pla.vandcheck mate in Tu'o moves'
*Qr

44. F
e
'i.t
-
Ivlate trro problenr
in
h0
'.
t

45. t
t.P'tU
t-_=)
Tliis is :1:llatc itl 2 L't'olllcttt'
h3

46. .
?
a-l
-e
s :
7
:
9
:9.
Problenr
#4
g
€
:+:
g
.€.
.i&'
-,sr
e
a
".9
,i5s
:"
6
.i;.:{
hh
4
rir'.1

47. #5
Problem
i
e
l - h i s i s a m e t t en 2 p r o b l n r .
#
h{

48. '.
'J
- l:r;
'(
ts
r-f-L-
Problem
#6
T'hisis a rnatein 2 prolrlerrr
I
i
ft(

49. b/
#7
Probtem
l
i - h i s i s 2 1l l a t ei r r 2 P r o b l e r r t '
hv

50. 6
hg

51. I
-f
:.
k
ffi
#9
Problem
itr
This is a rnate 2 Probleni'
s
h1

52. ii
q
B
E
Problem
#i'd
l l r i s i s a n r a t ei n
2 problenr.

53. 8
R
a
I
I
0
6
n
.
Diag.3
Diag.?
Diag.1
5
5
5
A
4
I
3
.
2
Z
z
I
1
1
a
b
c
d
f
e
g
a
h
'
n
1)
d
e
f
g
h
1)---
2)
c
2)_Diag.6
Diag.5
Diag.4
5
6
6
7
o
5
6
A
+
A
T
?
3
2
2
2
1
1
I
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
h
b
1)
d
e
f
g
a
h
2i*-
B
o
6
d
4
d
e
l
g
h
L
4
c
1
a
b
c
i
1)___*_ _ __
2)___
5t
d
e
Diag.9
D!a9.8
L
b
c
2)_
Diag.7
a
b
1)--
1)___----
2)
c
i
e
f
g
h
f
S
h

54. Diag.10
Diag.ll
I
Fiag.12
o
7
B
7
6
?
I
b
6
5
4
4
4
2
2
2
1
I
a
b
c
d
e
f
S
1
a
1)
b
c
d
^
4
a
1)---..---
2)_
b
c
e
i )---_-
2)-_--
2)_-----.-
Diag.13
Diag.'t4
B
-,
d
*iag.'15
B
7
o
n
6
6
d
A
A
A
et
1
2
z
1
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
1
h
b
1)
c
1)
2)
Diag.16
8
Diag.17
8
D l a g . fI
U
7
J
6
t)
6
A
!
4
I
3
a
L
1
1
a
d
b
1)--__
U
1
U
h
n
D
1 i
z',)
,r
C
r

55. Diag.20
Diag.19
B
I
8
7
t
7
7
r)
o
5
5
5
4
4
i>
2
/.
2
I
4
3
1
g
f
e
d
c
b
;
,
g
h
i
U
'
^
n
r
l
e
t
g
;
h
b
d
e
f
s
h
1)
1)---
2)
2)
.
Diag-24
flrag"23
I
I
R
c
I
7
o
o
A
6
rl
4
+
.
a
?
5
f)
n
.)
I
4
I
4
!
a
t :
b
c
d
e
l
a
g
i
:
c
d
e
f
g
i
h
r
r
-
4i
L'-
-
8
I
a
5
4
z
1
e
Diag.27
Diag'25
7
i
1)--
t)
I
c
5
4
Z
tl
4
I
2i
5)
f
g
h

56. Diag.28
Diag.29
I
U
7
7
h
n
o
5
5
5
4
4
I
?
"i
2
2
I
1
1
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
s
h
a
1)
b
c
d
e
f
s
h
a
1)
b
c
d
e
f
S
h
f
s
h
1)--_
2)
Diag.31
Diag.32
o
Dlag.33
R
x
7
7
c
6
5
E
4
+
3
a
2
2
1
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
a+
4
I
a
b
c
d
e
f
U
i
r
a
b
c
1)
1)--__
2I-._
e
1)--*-__
2)
d
t)
Diag.34
Diag.36
Diag.35
B
B
7
-
o
A
tr
5
4
4
3
2
2
z
I
1
a
b
i__-
2i
c
d
r
l
i
g
h

57. Diag.37
Diag.38
B
8
'
7
7
6
5
o
o
5
4
.
8
4
I
3
z
1
1
a
b
c
d
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f
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h
a
b
c
d
e
g
f
h
a
b
c
d
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f
g
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1)._---
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Diag.40
Diag.42
0iag.41
I
B
7
7
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3
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c
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Diag.43
Diag.45
*iag.44
I
c
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58. Diag.46
Diag.47
B
Diag.48
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Diag.50
8
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Diag.51
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Diag.52
I
Diag.53
Diag.54
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59. 8
7
6
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R
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Diag.57
Diag,56
Diag.55
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Diag.60
Biag,59
Diag.58
B
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2
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b
c
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Diag.63
Diag.E2
I
7
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Diag.61
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60. Diag.64
Diag.65
Diag.S6
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Diag-67
Diag.S$
BEag.69
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Diag..70
triag.7t
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Diag.72
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61. Diag.75
Diag.Ttl
Diag.73
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Diag.77
Diag.76
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Diag.S0
Diag.79
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62. ..,
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Eiag.83
Diag.84
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Diag.85
DiaE.87
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Diag.90
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63. Diag.93
Diag.92
Diag.91
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Diag.96
Diag.95
Diag.94
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Diag.98
Diag.97
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64. D i a g . f0 0
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Diag.101
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65. Diag.102
Diag.103
Diag.104
8
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Diag.105
Diag.1S6
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Diag.107
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Diag.108
Eiag.109
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66. Diag.t13
Diag.112
t
Diag.l 1
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Diag.115
Diag.114
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Diag.117
B
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67. Diag.l?2
Diag.tr21
Diag.120
B
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D!a9.123
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Diag'125
6
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Diag.127
Diag.128
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68. Diag.131
Diag.t30
Diag.129
B
7
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7
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5
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Diag.132
Diag.134
Eiag.133
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Diag.135
Diag.137
Diag.136
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69. Diag.139
Dlag.f38
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Diag'143
Diag.142
Diag.141
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Diag'146
4
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Diag.f44
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70. Diag.l47
Diag.148
Diag.149
I
8
B
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6
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
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Diag.150
Diag.151
R
d
Diag.152
8
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Diag.153
Diag.154
B
Diag.155
B
6
7
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71. Diag.174
Diag.f 56
Diag.157
a
B
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1
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Diag.177
.
Diag.159
Diag.f60
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Iliag.180
Diag.f
62
Diag.163
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72. Diag.165
Diag.183
8
Diag.184
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Diag.168
Diag.186
B
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73. Diag.192
Diag.f
93
R
Diag.f
94
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Diag.195
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Diag.197
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Diag.198
D!ag.f 9
9
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74. ChessPuzzl€s;corrt
Checkmate in Tu'o Moves
t'Iate in Tg,o i'loves-
W h i t et o I I o v e :
lIate in Trto h{ovcs-
lllacl l() iUorc:
L
2.
Matc in Trvo Nlovcs-
lVhite to Ilove:
irlate in Trvo I'lovesI
l .
2
g
2
Vhiie to il'love:

75. Check Mote WithROOK
ond King
You shouldbe aiming for one of thefolloivingpositions checknrate
ro
lhe enemv lr"irrgrvirfi,1
loneRook.Notice horvtrreKi'g mustalso conlror
sonre trreescap€
of
squirrcs.
This rllethod checkniating ritorc
of
is
clifJlcult
tlra'rrratirrg
r'irh a erreen t6e erern;Ki'g
as
is
ableto attack Rook in oi*o)'rthichis iL'possibre
the
*,irlirhea;;;_ il;li;il;Jj;',u
rrop,l,"
Kilig on theedgeof theboarcl thenrire
ilrri
Kirrgis rrecdecl secure
ro
check'ate.
Let'sseerhisnretrrod actionstafling
in
r.,irh position
{he
shorvn
berorv.
E
€
1{
d

76. f-v
.l
o
l"' Ke(r
2' Ke3
the
to
King comes support l{ook} o
{The Vhite
'
Kd6
2..3' Kd4 Ke6
4'Rd5
ntore'
evetr
the
(The Rookconfittes llkrckKing
sltorvtt
to rectangle
itl" Ki,tgis nou' restricted
I
in tlrediagr-arn')
I
4"' Kf()
5'Rc5
l
is
Lrox madesrnaller'
iThe
Kf7
5-"
6' Kd5 K'1rr
7'Kd6
closcrto tne
to
King is ftrrcetJ tl'tot'e
{The Illack
t:dgeof the board')
7...Kfl
8' Re6
the
l(ook restricts King'}
{'l'lre
g
6
v6
-l
i
-?
I

77. I
8 . . .K g 7
9" Ke7 Kg8
10.f{96+Kh7
i l . K 1 7K h 8
t2.Rh6#
1
--
o
.l
t
,
I
chcckntalilrq
n'itlta lotte rookis r-rorc
difficulttlra' ri,itlr erreeror t,ollo.ks. .1..e
a
sraues
lrr
keep ilr rnindaresunrntarized
belo,rr,:
( ing.
b o r s m a l l e irf p o s s i b l e .
ier' lrove tlteKing (a rvaitirrg
ntoveto
v'
--'F
force hack
e
llreoppone't'sKirrg.)
wlren the opPottent's
King is at thesicie theboarcl
of
look lbr orre the checknlarirr_q
of
patlerr)s u,in the gamel
to
Gerterally'
u'ith correctplay,it is possible
to checkrnate
u,ith a Rook arrci
King i, l5 to 20
tllores.
Orleof thedangers that a ilrarv
is
may resultclLre
v ' ! rollre J rloye rlie (sce
rv
50
I.lowCar'es
"'r
are Draivtt
).
.J
set upvarious
posirions thevhiteRook
with
a'cj Kingagai'st BlackKi'g andpractise
the
clteckrnating a frie,d ora chess
rvirh
cornfurer
unliryolrare or-ir.
sure
1
t
ts
:

78. I
a
o
q
':
t
i ' Rli5
l
t c t o s si t c
u
K i n g i s n t l r v n a b l eo
l ' f h eB l a c k
fifrh rank')
a
6
t
{
)
:'
I
I
t
s
v8

79. t
I
'
l. Rc7
King
rvhich
Black's
forces
{A waitingmove
is
2.I{c8
if
becattse l,..Ke8
to
closer tlrccorner
checkmate
)
1 . .K e S
.
o
.l
t
I
1r'
-1
8
2. Kf6
i h i t e i n gl i r r c ets ee n c n r iv t ot h e
n
K
h
{T'he
a
c o r n e rs2 . . . K f Bl , R c 8 # )
2... h8
K
t'
)
.1
3
t
6

80. ::-'
I
3' Kg6
King closesin'}
{The hite
6
3 ...K 9 8
onlYrnove'}
{1-he
,l
.'
J
,
s
I
t
$
4. I{c8#
1
6 1
I
q
.l
t
r
d
c
f
C
WhentheKingisitrthecentreoftheboard,itmustbedriventothesidebeforeitcallbe
checkntated'
Shedoesthis by
sideof the boarcl'
the BlackKing to the
white mllst force
belorv'
ln thediagram
with
sqLlares her Rook'
tlieKing's escape
of
off
cuttitlg sorne
h0

81. 1
natein chess thegbeckq4lg a rone
is
of
kine whichcanbe forced
riththesrronger ro irroue r,r,i,h
side
anO
*r€.;'oi;,-Jh."t ro,"
hree
moves
fionr
q,here defencler
position
the
cannor
1nV^lgrting
&
r.toller Lartrprechi200l,, C|rleelm1it.:ii
9),
aSoneofthefour'.oo:1:.u.,*,,1'.ii,i|.il}:lftffiJi:!-ff,?1mi:,
andtrvobishops
agairtsr |,olre-king).
a
ii onll'occurs
in-P'act,:c"
approxirnatel;,once
i' every5000
ganres
OAilgt_&l=esUrcctrr I : | | ).
200
,
3
h
c
:
d
e
f
e
l
h
Clteckrrrarc
i'.,ithirislrop knjght(llUlleL.t
anr.l
l=ernprechr I ; l9)
2LrC
El
1
':irai.-.:
+;:!Ei:
ilii.f.ii
€,
q
:
:ii=l
.."i.j..+
;r;ii;i..
;1i61:
a
'r:lrr::i
)
I
.: .l-rr.:
i'i::::.
a
t,
6
gt

82. 't
79)
(PXg$slSl:29Q6:2
ate.cJreckmate
An altern
:
a
b
c
d
e
t
i.,&ffi;ffi$ffi
s
h
I
2001:400)
(Miiller Lanrprecht
&
best
against delense
in
checkr'ates33nroves
White
1749
Arnethodforchecknrateusirrgthe"^w"nretllodu'asgivenbyPhitido'inhisfiarnoLrs
Anatv.se r,ihe Anotherrn:l];;i,;;ff::;'rli:-'l;:'i:iliiillluol.,i.,
treatise. ttu rtes ,',Lr
ietr
orSorne
I
corlle at tlrcriglrtartgle'
,'itlr "right'l
Ihc
in
rvas
s)'stetlr fit'st1:ublished 192i
lltecotnplcte
lhan
tO(eltntoremOveS
fir,e
takeS
ntethOcl
bclorethe fili''
J it canstill bc accornplislred
triangle"col]]esup in thc nrorestandarcl
or
lt'iangle" "rniddle
lLa}:elllb takcseffect. FIis"secorld
of
usingeitlrer thc methods'
stt'ictlv
rvitlrotrt
can
checkmatc be forced
(see
Inetlrocls belorr,).
James
procecluretltischeckntate
learrr
-shoukl
or
opinionsditfer asto lvhether not or nota player
r','itrr
tvYo |;l
otnits checkrirate bisrrops
Hovi,ell tlie
i:ill ffiil'il,IJ?leJ:ri:;lf;Jl'ilTy"'
ivitlt tu'o bishops(![or-r'ell
n thcclreckrttate
bltt
u'ith trvobishops rtot
the
cludes checkmate
jatsott
lris frrenrlJ-qlrn
; hadit only onceand
s
S
2
r
h a sn e v e h a di t ( S l l m a n 0 0 7 : 3 3 . 1 8 8 )i'l m a n a y s
spgnd
really
hopeftrl
,,...rnastering
the
Should clress
chunkof tirne'
it wouldtakea significant
(at
he
endgarne rvillachieve
a1
learning
study
for
he'l put aside chess
manyof his 'recious-tiou*
in
only onceor t'uvice his lifetime?"
rnost)
Contents
a
6
l:l
8*

83. l
--:
c
o
c
l:
"- -3.:
ru Cteno'nuiilEr-GJ.ffi
1_4i
{A stalemate frnn
starematetrap
5 Ouotations
6Seealsg
? Notes
c
!
I
tedill Standal.d
"W,, nlanoeuvre
,*: it,[L'j,*:
.
ilt''*ffi Ir'',*iffi*:'i*i#,,
:
,rcedin the,
l. Driving or
tlre
+,1
board
using
? I;il;; il ;iflrTl]':iil:1l - ;ornL'l'to "right" arrhree
i::,:*:lirrhe by correr. pieces
3' Deli'ering
the
lheclreckrrrare.
;r,,...riu.u,.
;r*,#
has co,np,e,ec,
bcen anc,
ii:f:,:.,t'#{1,,i:,!;1":'J::;llrjiHlt;::,fi:Iil:i:,i:lfi,r:"
;;;'":l;illj.'3;:;'
;:*:iJ: r;;
H*'f
iscom, Ijt,li:{{li$iiT,.rffi
tr*:fff
ilfiji:"ir,illtili'riiiri$ff rr;,:
non -q trrrIi",,1_ur;Silfo
v i.,"u ii
v v r r r r s K . )ooo,ziqj,
n*o..trku0 0 6 : 2 7 9 ) :
c
y
2
,,r.
e
f
e
t
'.;;:i+
s1
:
s
s
)
.+:B
's
-dflh
l.N17+
rhircto rnovc
€--i
i'i
€
E
g3

84. 1
so that tlrenext
The *,hitebishopis positioned
trre
theking to reave corner.
First white forces
ol g8'are possible'
i*r'*ou.r, gainingtont'il
1..-Kg82'Bf5
IrvaitinglTloVg'forcirrgBIack,skingtomovesorlritecarrplay3.Bh?,takingarval,gSfromtlte
king2.'.Kf8 3'l]lr? KeB 4'n*e5
T l r e k e ' v t o t l r e s t a n d a r d u , i n r t i n g m epossitrle e N t f . e 5 . d 7 - c 5 - b ? r n o v e r n e l l t o f t h e k n i g l r t ,
t h o d i s tdetlenses:
h
are
Nolv tltere rr'vo
a "U" shape'
forruing
DefettseA:4'..Kt8Blackc|ingstothe'.safe..corner'but|osesmoreqtrick|y'
the
(corrtintrirtg
g.896+Kdg g.Bfl Kc8 10.Nc5
6.Ke6 Kdg ?.Kd6 Keg
5.Nd7+Kcg
a
is trre position'
Kb8
12'Kc6 11'1{b9!f) KbBirr rigrrtttte
lil::"1;J"t1li,1l;;?'- t"'l^tO13"'Kc8 *I''g l5'Bd?(norv
t1
matirrg
l-5:
tnotefrotnllre
krriglrt's
can
clteckrttate begiYen)
attd
ting i"n'tnnedtoihe;iglifl'tgi"
def'errcling
Ka8t8'Bc6#
Kb8 i7'Nrr6+
ri'X=ts
15'..ltalt
Tliis holdsout
the edge'
out
kingtriesto break frotu
re'
I]: 4"'KdB [-le theclel'enciing
I)efense
lorrgcr.
Black's
'rW" lnalloeuvre'
etetttlrotrgh
the
colrtttiues knight's
Yhite
5.Kc6 Kc7 6.Ntl?!
tlrebackrank'
;;; i.,;;i.'tporarilv lefi
7
6...I(c6 .8d3:
a
b
6
lr'i!r*i
?ffii ,
: ';'-B
r, Y ilFi
iositionafter't"'Kc7
by
is bouncled a6'b6'
The.perrmeter
corner.
off
to thecorrect-corored
Bb5closes
restricted
king is norv
Brack,s
trtit'"tt^ftrrther'
rrur.quJri*""r, ,,gr,,t"
Black's
b5.c5,d5.d6.d.l.el,'. tt.
lande8 bv thebishop)'
*
andtherr iJ'ii"*t"ffir
the
redeplo,ving k";g;;;" i6
c6;
7t1

85. -.ri
t
7...Kc7
At thispointtwo waysof continuing possible.
are
Continue W mahoeuvre
the
Onecontinuation theposition
from
atierBlack,
of theknighr, bringing ro c5 ancl lvliill<
by
ir
b?.
Ke8 l0.896+ Kd8 I LIlfT Kc8 l2.n*c5
KdS 13
K b 8 I 7 . N c 5 a 8 I 8 . B d ? b 8 t 9 . N a 6 + a 82 ,
K
K
K
Deleta second
ng's
triaugle
a
b
c
c
l
r
e
f
g
h
i'. +**tt#,
,g++
e
t
c
C
e
f
g
h
Deletan second
g's
triangle
Deletang's
triangle
method
I
€
te by confiningtheking in strccessivel;,
r,;f,r:ril
,
inside rnarked
3 is conlined
the
or.onn.l i .. ! ,::
. Theking cannot
escape areanoratrii(.i(
the
iiii
rmsshorvs triangles
the
and horvrhebishol.r
si

86. .l
, l
.
lt
a.':
.
t
,
fi
gle
rrian (Pandolni 2009:48ff)'
v
v
net
Second
iV
.J
_i'v'
,?i'J"

87. ,
:
a
l
r
c
d
e
.l
l
)
s
.X,
f
h
I
ffi $ z
i X
r
]
'
mi
5
r|
:
r...if*i
J
3
i;ftI.t
. L
7
i]:t,i'
;:i;.r.:11
I
e
f
g
h
Third net
ln the first net all threepiecesarerequired confinethe king. tn the secondnet only the bishop
to
and kniglrtareneeded. tlie thirdnet.theking andbislrop
In
conllnethe king. allorving knight
rhe
-t'he
to eitherchecktrate assist tlreclreckrlate la Villa 2008:205).
or
in
(dc
rvinnirrg
pioceclure
cottsists
ol'nrakirtg kirtg tnoyeso thatthebishop reachrhe6r'porenrrse
thc
can
o{-thenexl snt.aler
tr iarrg lc t|a12Stg[ll_?8Q! :4 8 I {)a
a
'
a
b
c
b
c
c
i
d
e
e
l
f
g
s
l
t
i
h
:
I
t
: . J
r,'-'1
.*-.
-'.':.t I
g7

88. _
!r
t
''-{
I
;:
.
h
a ' i
s.
i 8
t
T
Y
$
a
b
e
r
l
e
r
Thirdtrianglc
White rvins:
triangle'
Startingtromthepositiorlofthe first
corner
1. Bc2 (to push the king toward the
j
1
'::
'....
;
middlenspossible)
1.'.Ke3(tht kitt;;;tt'"s "lo'e tothe
fromd l)
e2'
i.-r<.r tpfuois tJ euard probably
2..'Ke2
move)
3' 896 (arvaiting
3...Ke3
e2)
4. Kdl (guarding
4...Kf,
s.KdzKf6
e2)
6' Kd3(stillgLrarding
Kg4
6...
to
fromgoing h5)
the
1.Ke3Kh4 (preventing bishop
s. Kf4Kh3
:
br
t

89. J
t
t
(r
.i
t
,
E
.
.,
,r
:
Arier8 . Kr,:.:bi:h.I;r,.1;0,
a,trn"
1.rol-,o
hl,pore,,
use
9. tshs!(the
bishop o' rfre
is
t,ypot.nrr",i,f,"
_.""ra;;i;,r;,:;,
9...Ir'gz
10.Ne5Kf2
I I: Ne4+
Iigl
12. Bg4 (thesecoricl
rrer)
12... fI
K
1 3 .K f J K e I
I4. Xc3 KfI
15.Kd2 Kg2
1 6 .K e 2 K g r
/ * . .:.
E
a
# -
&.
s ,
""&
f
. i#',ffi#,'
---.,f*ri:,
"*tk#ff
' fiiir;
a
b
c
r
l
e
f
c
,ffi:
2
,iiiFs*i
;
ffij-*t
J
h
After 16... l^_bishop ready
KS
is
forrherhird
hyporenuse
Bl:?i(rhe
hyporenur.tl .,r.,irO
of
,riungt.l
ll Kb2
17...
18.Bfl Kgt
Nqs (preparirrgguard
to
h2)
ll
1 9 . .K h l
.
20.Kf2 Kh2
2 1 .N f 3 + K t r l
i
l
i
€
t1
_
Lt

90. 8-5
22.Bg2#(Pa@lir::-2999:4 | )'
from games
[gditJExamPles
[ e d i t lT he" W ma n o e u vre rl
2005
Kaqttunen-Rasik,
a
b
c
d
e
t
g
h
Whitcto tnove
"w
srro*,s
Rasil..Er theknigrrt's rnaroeuvre"'
.l.rris
and
MikaI(arttune' Vitezsrav
berrveen
game
continued:
The garne
I(eS
Nc7+KbBBB'll(14Kc889' Ba7KtlS90'Nd5
84.BcSKb7 85.I{d5 KbB 86.Kc6 KaS87'
Btr6+KcB9?'NfSI<f8
KeB95'I(e6Kd8 96'
91.Kd6 Kn gl.n"r Xft 93.Be3Kf7 94.B<14
BcS
r0r. Bcl6I(h7102'NfsI(gs 103'Kg6 KlrS104'
Kf6 KgA
98.Bc7KeS99.Ng?+Kf8 100.
20f18:106-7)'
&
l-0 (ivliiller Pajeken
Bcl4#'
Nh6r'KlrS106'
after104."Kg8,105'
follorvs
Checkmate
-I ---
]-,,
technique
game,neither
Igditl Grandmaster
I
l v
_
flo

91. i + u
'
)
l
i ]
3 i''
j
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
o
, 7
t
)
t : '
]
'i.ffi
a
b
c
c
l
e
f
g
. E
,
h
Position 83...
afrer
Nx96+
.?
game
belrveen
potgiir.
Liubornir
Liuboievic
arrctJucjir
tvtonaco
Tn': o.:':':t,li.t:nt.,ht blindfold
Amber1994;rPolgar
did,not theslandard
use
melhod, neverlhelesr.nor.,li,r*,ruJl[e
but
pieces
effectivel,'. conrirrued:
Plal'
B4.Kd6 85.Kcs
Kf6
Kes s6.Kc4
ud5+ g?.Kd3
Nf4+Bg.Ke3
(Whitecanresistaboulseyentlrov€slongerb;,88.Kc3)Be4B9.Kd2Kd490.Kcl
Kc39t.Kdl
Dc2+92-KelKd3 93.KD Ke494.Kg3 95.Kf2
tldl
NrJ3+
96.Kg3
Ke3 97.K14
Kf4 98.Kh3
Ncl 99.Kh4Ng2r'100'Kh3 101.I{lr2Knfiz.Kh3
KR
Be2loJ.xtt Bg4 t04.Ktil n-e3
l 0 5 . K h 2N f I + 1 0 6 . K t r I I R #0 - l
l
I e d i t ] G r a n d m a s t c r f a i l c dt o n r a t e
't
i - )
-Eptslt
Kenrpirrski !.1
a
b
c
c
i
e
f
r
S
_-'!
,.l-]
r 6
6
r q
5
4
:
,iaffi
lfis*t +:'*i
;l'+'jt
a
:+:4.,
b
c
d
e
f
g
position
afterl26...Nxdi
I

92. i€
s
-U
.--i
: -t
d
e
f
g
F+4't
,..J
i:ili.l.:
:';=:j,ill
2
tLij"!:
(-t
-
,,::'i;::.;.b
5
4
3
i::::.:di:
ii;j:il?r:!
if;"!.ld
p
^
z
1
a
b
c
c
l
e
f
s
I-I
afterl40.Ka8
position
side
moves'The superior
suboptimal
nrade
both
tlvo grandtnasters- players
In this garrebet$'een
sidecoulcl
afterthe irrferior
nroves
g!4!gr]3u# several
had no ideahorv to ,r',rtonli eno.a uP
uridcrthe lilis-nove rulg'E
a
clainted drarv
hrtve
ner]qllEgDlrjr$j(2498).VladilniiEpistriq(2567)[E60]Btrncles|i[a000lGerInarrl,(5.3)'
.
0 7 . 0 12 0 0 1
lb2 d(r?.Ile2c5 8.b5IlbT 9'0-0e6 l0'Nbd2
e5
fcl ReBl5'Nc1 cxrl41(r'extl4 t 7'd5 Nc5
Bh6 22.8c3Rc5 23.Qb2Bc8 24'Itel Bl'5
Ra8 30.Qc3Qb6 3l 'g3 RcbS
tfS29.Q43
hS
[trb2 37.Bxtr2 J8'Rg2QcS
3(i,llc3
h6
!
J,
E--
_;
]
1v

93. -
g
!
:
E
-
I
{, ' : l ,
l
l
v
i
-1
l
,
l
-1 .i
i
Kc5? 150.'.Nd5 thestandard l51.Ka6Bd6?I52.Kb?Kbs tSJ,KaT
is
win.
Kc6 t54.Ka6Bbg!
Reaching same
the
position after
as
l49rh
Black's
rnove.
155.Ka5
Nd5! Belateaty
nnJingttre
winningmove missed
he
fi_vemoves l56.Ka6
ago.
objectively was l5l.Ka4. ncz: Missing
best
rhestandard
t56...Nb4+.
l57.Ka?
Bb6+lsg.Kbg
Bcj 159.Kas
Nc?+t60,KbgNbs 161.Kn8
Kb6 162.Kb8
Na7 163.Ka8
Ka6l64.Kb8
Bb6l65.Ka8
Nb5 l66.Kb8Nd6 l67.Ka8Kb5
168.Kb8
Kc6l69.Ka8Bc7I70.Ka?
Nb? l7l.Ka8Nc51?2.KaZ
Bb6+ t?3.Ka8Bcl t74.Ka7
Nd7 t75.Ka8
Bd6 176.Ka7
Nb617?.Ka6 I78.Ka5bc?l79.Ra6Nc8
Bb8
sratem
ate%-%
( 3 _
a
'--F
ingposition
an.ived,
Whitewaskindenough
ro
x moves. Blackseemed try to mate
But
to
rd thestandard
rvinning
lirre. to a point,but
up
rgain matein the wrongcorner.
to
A stalemate
trap
t$
-:
e
'.tr
€'
.'.3.
c liir';i.,!;
a
b
Biack nrove
tg
c
d
e
i
f
I
I
3
i
i:
I
I
a
6
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Blackto rnove,
drarv!
Notethaiitr.poritiln*oui6 uiso arur"nif theknightwere
u"
at aTor e7
(rnarked dors).
wirh
q

94. 3
ir-
l
_.j-
:-
,l
I
rvas
treatises, notedby the Atnerican
rdsamg
coltttnn
"What'sthe BestN'love?"
n I"prryEr'-?ns'
Nd5. Blackrvouldbe
2.Kb72?
fter I ..-Nb6+?2
rvith
inslantl-y
White drauu's
Howeven,
triangle.
resultirrg
rr Blackto savehisbishopis to rnoveit: drawnif tlre knightwere at a7 or e7 instead'
rvhere does not
it
on
rt rvasadded an!'square
the
rtin. sinceif he sacrificed
ck still couldnot
qndeante)'
(see
forcecheckrnate l'rvo knis.hts
A
corrrpositiQn'
drarv.'
r a "Whiteto plat'and
of a
at
at
iir
to
identical r6atshorr'rt thediagram riglrtocctlrs t6e clirnax
idea essentially.,
stalernate
sr.udybyA.H.Branton,r..ondprize.NevvStatesman,lg66(Rolcroftl.972:2ail(Vhite:king
it
d l), though may havebeenknou'neven
on c.l: Btack:king orr.i, knighron a3,bishopon
earlier'.
rvin quickll'b)' settingup
Blackrvould
of
From t6e diagrampositionat left, illstead l.--Nb6+??,
e-g.2.Kd8Bb5 3'Kc8Nd5'
rou{e1...Ne3.
iriangle'ia the alternate
Ort.tung,, se"cond
''l111t:cl
Il'hita ii; Tllovand muic itt n"1
1r.
.tv
.i-
q

95. )
)
)
i

96. 1
l4/hirc in ltto nlores
T'henext Ihree are: Black to checkmale
E
7
()
6
3
2
1
B
7
lt
6
|':
,,li
i!
z
1
?6

97. -_
'i
?
t
i)
li
E
7
?
do"y' it's not that hard'
but
complicated not to
is
bishops a little.more
Matingwith hilo
to
vhichis about be
othercheckma
as
;ept the
the
towards edgeo'
rs-hed
hadto lead
rokwere
You
the
,two bishoPs king wil
work
bishoPs togethel
wo
, - - r,:*
king)
ttniJrtneoPPosing
;".;ffi;in
This
by the two bishops'
possibleto baniermade
*
1!e
ui't"-n'."t'*fJb;:il,li'."
Theblackking will try to stay "1o:: T
ii
**.0,i'""#"#' '*
"i't'"
it have
waywilr l1:ll*Trr"
;;ttrewbtlgSstspJg*
f t ll
I
s
5
4
Space'
<l
Yr
c
d
s
1
g
h
t'
theblack king
4.
Kd5-e5 Bg5-e7Now
3'
Ke5-d5 Ba4-b3+
2'
Kd4'e5 Kf3-e3
Ks2-J3
can only go
B I
I
I
I I
E
4
t
a
T
V
;_:
'+
frorngoingro
|
I
( t b
c ' d
d
I
the diagonalnearthe banier'
the
,-d6prevents blackking
Ke|-fi5'Be"
n-+...
8'Bd6-e7+
riiiiq'i'-ni-i-e6+ Kga-gt
6KJs-ss Ke3-e4
:.F
I
1l
iJ
iji
q
-t,
I

98. i
7
6
5
4
1
2
o l
tt'
Kh6-s7 {fs-ts
t0'
Kg6-h6 Kf4-15
e.
Kg5-g6 Ke4'f4
tend
mostbeginners to makea mistake.Mostfail to find the solutionand
Kg7-h7This is were
to
This
or
abitnop by stalemate. is whatyou have do : youreduce
ju"st upeither losing
by
end
Kh7'
Kgs-f6Kh8-h714.Kf6-17
Kh7-h8 13.
t2. Be7-JB
c
b
c
d
e
t
s
n Kh8-h7l6.Be6'f5*Checkrnate!
thatmay occurin endgames.
patterns
This were just a few simplecheckmating

99. .i,
t
..r-i-...-_.,
l
.1
Mate in TVo
h
a
b
1
c
d
e
f
g
h
8
5
4
4
a
e
J
2
2
2
1
19. White
o
4
c
6
5 . 5
b
8
6
a
B
1
1
d ' e
a
b
c
d
e
20. White to Play
to Play
8
8
8
I
7
7
7
7
o
O
)
o
q
C
c
5
5
4
4
4
'
e
z
J
z
2
2
1
1
1
a
b
c
d
21. White to Play
e
1
a
b
c
d
e
22. White to Play
Tlte Chess Course
s^IMPLE CHECKMATES
{v
1
j

100. I
8
6
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
g
2
2
1
t
7
o
q
4
2
, 2
7
o
c
4
3
I
a
b
'C-*;
2
a
23. Black io play
b
1
c - J
2d. Whire 66 play
I
B
6
7
7
7
o
6
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
l
1
4
z
1
a
b
c
O
7
6
5
B
6
4
e
2
a
zs$white ro ptay
b
c
26. Black to play
Moye
No.
srrvrpL.-cI-E'aEEATEE
39
loo
I
J
i
h
BLACK

101. :
B
8
7
7
7
6
6
o
5
5
4
4
4
3
a
B
I
o
Y
4
3
i*
i
1
2
2
2
1
I
a
b
27. Black
a
d
L
1
1
a
e
b
c
8
I
d
e
to PIay
28. Black
to Play
,o
U
7
7
o
4
/1
5
4
5
6
5
o
IJ
4
a
z
z
1
I
a
b
c
d
e
a
29. White to Play
The Chess Course
{
-
b
c
d
30. White to Play
SIMPLE CIIECKMATES
40
to,t
I

102. I
8
8
Bli
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
5
5
b
c
4
4
4
e
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
a
b
1. White
c
d
1
a
e
i
b
c
d
32. Black to Play
to Play
-:
8
B
I
7
6
o
tj
6
o
-.i
q
:1
,l;
4
4
4
3
3
e
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
B
d
"
a
b
c
a
d
33. Black to Play
b
c
d
34. Black to PIay
et
i
i
I
1
I,
SIMPLE CHECKffATES
The Chess Course
toil

103. ,:-F
!
F'-
r
B
_
7
7
6
o
5
o
-a
I
6
7
I
2
8
c
4
4
5
!
c
J4
;
.5
a
2
2
2
1
I
a
b
35. White
-
c
d
3
2
I
e
I
a
to Play
b
c
d
o
8
I
6
6
6
(
A
A
(+
+
J
z
I
z
2
1
t
a
37. White io Plav
D
c
38. White to Plav
The Chess Course
SIMPLE CI{ECKN{ATES
foJ
,
r.'
36. White to Play
8
-
z
e
I
-
A
a
|
:

104. MATI' IN TTIREE
g
h
a
b
. 8
7
B
B
B
7
7
7
o
6
6
o
5
5
4
4
4
e
*
t
a
a
b
c
d
2
1
I
4
J
2
I
f,
1
e
2
I
a
39. White to Play
D
c
d
e
40. White to Play
B
x
7
a
B
8
o
6
':' i
,n*g
A
4
<l
4
.€
,€
f>
2
o
I
'I
I
a
b
41. Vhite
c
d
e
I
1
a
to Play
b
42. White
SIMI)LE CIIBCKMATES
c
d
e
to Play
Tlrc Chess
Course
l"h
ii.:

105. -
,,-
I
8
8
I
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
':
."!.,
;-l
r8
6
5
5
4
4
.t
I
2,
2
2
2
{
1
1
1
1
I
a
b
c
d
43. Black to PIav
e
a
b
c
d
2
1
e
44, White'to Play
= l
i
I
i.
il
Lfil
''ii:'
i,ii'
,:i:,:
::.f.':
r:'it-"
. ;i):
;:+-T.
;''i-?'
;1+
8
A
a
7
a
B
:
i9,t)
B
a
'''
o
o
6
i
',.
/
4
z
i:i:
4
4
a
a
D
c
d
45. White to Play
e
z
1
I
z
1
1
a
b
c
d
e
46, White to Play
The CtrcsiduGi
SIMPLE
ls)
CHECKMATES
A
,
i

106. t
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
5
q
4
4
4
4
a
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
<
,
5
a
47. Black to Play
b
c
d
e
48. Black to Play
Move
A
B
8
8
7
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
e
3
3
3
z
2
2
2
1
1
t
1
a
b
49. White
c
d
e
a
to Play
b
50. White
SIMPLE CIIECKMATES
c
d
e
to Play
The Ch.ess(]n,r."n
fo6

107. Y-)
. ' : . 1
'=)
'o:-)
,::r)
A Beginner'sGarden of ChessOpenings
-l
;.J
Commonaims in openingplay
Lv
as
Irrespectiveof whetherthey are tryingto gain theupperhandas White and equalize Black or
in
a
devote lot of attention theopeningstages
generally
players
imbalances,
dynamic
to create
to:H
1 . Development:One of the main aims of th. op"ning is to inobilize the pieceson irseful
squareswhere they will haveimpact on the game. To this end, knights are usually
e2, d2, e7 ar d7), and both player'sKing
developed to f3, c3, f6 and c6 (or sometimes
can be developed(alternatively,the bishops
and Queenpawns are moved so the bishops
with a manoeuvresuchas 93 and Bg2). Rapid mobilizationis the
may be fianchetloed
extent the rooks, are not usually played to a central
key. The queen,and ro a lesser
position until later in the game,when many minor piecesand pattns are no longer
,
Present.
Conrol of the cenrer:At rhe start oF rhe game, ir is not clear on vvhichpart of the board
pieces to be
controlof the centralsquaresallorrys
the pieceswill be needed.Howerrer,
moved to any part o[ rhe board relativelyeasily, and can also hat e a cramping effecton
by
the opponent.The classicalviewis that central control is best effe.cted placing p3l:_.ll!
)-.
tlte
Ilor.r'evet.,
pawnson d4 and e4 (or C5 and eS for Black).
rhere, icteally
esrablishing
oI-evendesirableto occupy
hypermodernschool strowedthat it was not always necessaty
the centerin this way, and that too broada pawn front could be attackedand destroyed,
looking pawn center is worth little urrlessit
leaving its architectvulnerable;an impresslve
1
controllingthe center frotn a
insteadadvocated
can be maintained.
The hypermoderns
il
opponenlcenter,and only taking over the
breaking
down one's
distancewith pieces,
Delense in a
suchas Alekhine's
cenrer oneself
later in the game.This leadsto openings
, . ,
line like 1. e4 Nf6 2. e5 Nd5 3. d4 d6 4. c4 Nb6 5. f4 (the Four PawnsArrack), White has
a formidable pawn cenrerfor the moment,but Black hopesto undermitreit later in the
gatrre,leavingWhite's positionexposed.
in
3 . King safety:The king is somewhatexposed the middle of the board.Measurestnust be
taken ro reducehis vulnerability. It is thereforecommon for both playersto either castle
developingone of the rooks) or to otherwisebring the
in the opening (simultaneously
king to the side of rhe boardvia altiiiiial castling.
s
Most openingssrriveto avoid tl-recreationo[ pawtt
4 . Preventionof pawn weakness:
'weaknessbs
etc. Sotne
pav/ns,pawn islarrds,
and
clor-rbled backrryard
such as isolared,
positiolt'
for
considerations a quick attackon the oPponent's
openingssacrifice
endgame
Some unbalanced
openingsfor black, in particular, make use o[ this idea; such as the
'
t
;
E
€
&
:i
P,.
I
I
.t
Io

108. t :
Dutch, and the Sicilian.Other openings,
such as the Alekhineand the Benoni,invite the
and forrn pawnweaknesses.
opponentto overextend
Specific
openingsacceptpawn
weaknesses exchange compensation the form of dynamicplay. (see palvn
in
for
in
structure.)
5 . Piececoordination:As eachplayermobilizes or her pieces,
his
eachattemptsto assure
that they are working harmoniously
towardsthe.controlof key squares.
than the opponent:
6 . Createpositionsin which the playeris more comfortable
Transposition one comtnon
is
way of doing15ir.lzltsl
Thereare threegroupsofopenings coveredhere:
Wlrite canstartby rnor,ing King'spawn2 spaces, playing"e4".This movehas
his
i.e.
strengths it immediatelyworkson controllingthe cellter.anclit freestrvo pieces
many
(the Queenand a Bishop).This is a popularfirst move,leavingBlack rvith two optiols:
l. Black may choose mirror White's
to
moveand repl,v
rvith"e5" for the sanre
reasons,
leading openings
to
suchas the I{urJ
Lopcz,Giuocol)iano(includingthe
EvansGambitvariant), Kinq'sGarnbi!.
and
2. Black canalsotry solnething
otherthan rnirroringWhite's"e4" move.leadilg to
openingssuch as the Siciliatl Def'ense,
Irenc{r I)ef'ense,
Car.o-Karul,
Centcr
ggUnlQLand Pirc/Modern.
2 . White canstartby movingthe Queen's
pawn to "d4". This leads openings
to
suchas the
Gantbit,King's lnclian
Quecn's
Def'ense,
Nirnzo-Iqciian.
Boqo^lnclian. euee,n,s
ancl
Inclian
Defense,
and DutchDefensg.
a
J.
White can startu'ith someothermovethalr"e4" or "d4". Oneexarnple theEnglish
is
Openinq.
L
Each
ol'these
openings brieflydescribed
is
belorv.
t
Ruy Lopez
The Ruy Lopez (alsocalledthe "Spanish"
stafts as
opening)
out
1.
e4 e5
2. Nf3 NcG
3- Bb5
@ t
.&E
The Ruy Lopez is an old opening; is narned
it
afterRuy Lopez,a
I6th CenturySpanish
clergl,man chess
and
enthusiast. made
He
a sl,stematic
studyof this and otherchess
which he
opeuings,
recorded a 150pagebook.However,
in
althougtr is named
it
afierhirn, this particular
opening
wasknownearlier;it is
irtcludedin the Gottengen
manuscript,
whichdates
frorn 1490.
Popularuseof the Rul,Lopez opening not develop,
dicl
hor,ever,
tuitil the mid 1800's
whenJaenisch, Russian
a
theoretician,
"rediscovered" ootential.
its
The ooenincis still in activeuse:it
to8
({-;
f

109. g
qJ
i. .,,
t
Bobby Fischer'.lnit' White
is a favoriteof Gary Kasparovand
andstartsan
a potential pin of trt" d-pawiror Knight
;;;t
n
prepari g to castIe'
ivhile simultaneously
attackimmediately,
e-pawnandtries to
on
White generallydirectspressure Black's
bestreply on
preparefor a pawn on O+'It's knorvnthat Black's
|-J
Aftertltat,
bishop,
auacking
il;;;; i, uO,l"f,i"t*io.f., White's
(Bxc6)'
pieces
or
up
can
White back (Ba4) exchange
GiuocoPiano
n't
a,
has
Game" Wliite performingmild"t]i:[,1':llt]
This"Quiet
trts
wrth
up
to
able even tltegame
Bi;i"p, butBlackisoften
It
det-etises. starts as:
1.
e4 e5
2.
Nf3 Nc6
3'
Bc4 Bc5
Pianissirntl
the
"d3"' you irave "Guioco
tf Wfritethenreplies
gane'
Game") a verypasslre
("The Quietest
havethe "EvansGanrbit"' tn
with "b4?!",1'ou
lf White replies
center
for a powerfirl
which White offersa pawn in exchange
Bishop'
his
opening Queen
and possibly
t
6
lul

110. _-
,.
'-n
.4
4
t
,
!
-
'
t
King's Gambit
t
1
wasthe mostPoPu
This opening
for
offersa pawn in exchange ra
level;accordir
now at themaster
a reasonable
Pl
Blackcanobtain
White's
Pawn).
1. e4 e5
,
J
t
I
2. f4
t . ,
the gambit'
a nat,u^tfollowing move is "exf4" accepting
,a
SicitianDefense
as:
The Sicilian starts
,
a
:
€
tt
.:]
d
a4
&
q
arld thereat'emany
studied,
The Siciliatthas beenextetrsively
u'hich
A.popularvariationis the "Dfagon"r'ariation,
uuriations.
startsas:
2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4
1. e4 c5
s. Nc3 96
4- Nxd4 Nf6
on
a
Black finachettos bisliop theh8-al .
In this variatiou,
Black's
because
This is calledthe "Dragon"variation
diaeonal.
to
is
fru*n structure supposed look like a dragon'
Iro
q

111. =E
t
.
*
i
'
i
' variation'
is
poPYlut the"Najdorf
quite
that's
):
variation
move
Another
J"tigi"ilqts onBlack-s
il;;'
just
It starts liketh'
je 3' d4 cxd4
)
1. e4 c5
z' str
i . i "a n
;"
" ,
5 - N c3a 6
"r.
Whiteoftenresponds
Daniefrci1e^
to
with "e51"'
According Grandmaster ';;ti*tt"tr"ti center
"8e2", o"'*niili;;;tk
r.vith
French Defense
morecontrolover
Blackiets White have
Defettse'
e
fu
ln the Frer-ich
a(hopellv)sat
i''''*'nulii; ;;i :;:'h l' ::'i'o'as:
theceutet',
stalls
Defenbe
rt.ri;i p^*ns' TheFiench
d5
1'
e+ eA
2'
d4
The
positior.r' center
itlvolvejockeyingfor '-o*n
generally
and
arise'
Garnes
chains
ctc
becomes
usually
praverto
each t.es '
tnes
play e5; Black
an
traPPeo
Becomes
l:f'eJ:Tilll"ff:,i1"
,rn u, t5e "French
BishoP".
1
I
6
,t
t
Itt

112. Caro-Kann
defense BlackletsWhite
TheCaro-Kamis like theFrench
and
buildcontrolofthe center, Blacktries to geta pawnat d5. lt
lookslike a "wirnpySicilian".TheCaro-Kann
out
starts as:
1. e4 c6
2. d4 ds
is
Themainlineof the Caro-Kann
1. e4 c6
2- d4 d5
3.
Nc3 dxeA
oneof Vhite's
centralpawnsandcau get
Black gets to eliminate
'uthiclr an adyastage
is
his piecesdeveloped,
overthe French
However,Black's
piecesendtrp with more of a passive
Defense.
defensive
role, so players
of'this openingare often looking for'
White to makea mistake(howeverslight).
CenterCounter
The CenterCounterstaltsout as:
1.
e4 d5
This opening alsocalled
is
the "scandinavian"
opening.
A
cornnon coutinuation exd5 Qxd5.
is
I
i
I
I
I
iI
I
I
d
I
iI
I
I
I
I
!
i
I
I
lr*

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d'
l
. .j. ,
rj:;
--f
Pire/Modern
as
such "Pirc"and
names'
by
goes various
Thisopening
It
"Modern". starts:
1.
e4 d6
1.
e4 96
1.
-- Ll
e4 96
or
1 .
;1.. .
.
sequence:
Keene labelsthe "ModernDefense"as the
2'
d4 Bg7
this was
In
This isa rilativelynewopening' the 1930s
fourrdto bequite
,onria.rra inferior,butby theigeos it was
to
rviththe vierv
btu.t letswhitl takethecenter
;i;;;i;.
This
position'
"wonderful"
White's
;J"r*ining andruining
plavof it is countercorrect
and
;;;t;J is tlickv to play
BIackis
is
ttntt' control nota goal'since
(inimediate
intuitive
trying to undertttinethat control)'
Q u e e n ' sG a m b i t
than "l' e4"'The Queen's
other
Norv rvelook at openings
rvith:
Gambit starts
1.
d4 ds
2- a4
development'
for
in
Llp
Whiteoffers a pawn exchauge rapid
Gambit
".!ue31's
playing
withixc4,
the
accept gambit
Blackoan
Blackcan
gaurbil'
rvay
whichis a"risky !o playthis
A"ceptea",
to
e6
Defense), (whichleads the
alsoplayNc6 (theTchigoian
Defense)'
ot
Defense), piaye6(theOrthodox
Tarrascit
t
I
)
I
6
ruJ

114. -
!
I
,
-t
King's Indian Defense
lil-.
:
a
This is a "hypermodern"
opening,
*,here
Brackletswhite take
ihe center
with theviewtolaterruining
white's,,wonderful,,
position.It's a risky opening, favorite bothKaspar.ov-and
a
of
Fischer.
1.
d4 Nf6
2.
c4 96
3 .
Nc3 BcZ
Blackrvill be inreresred playingc5,ind
in
whiteplays
d5,
1.r,hen
repl1,
rvithe6 andb5.
Nimzo-Indian,
Bogo-r'diatr,
&ndeueen'sIndian Defense
AII of these "lndian" defenses
start vvith:
1.
d4 Nf6
2.
c4 e6
The Nirnzo-lndian
continues "Nc38b4,,. trre
witri
rn Nirnzolndian,white triesto^create
a pawrlcenler mass pieces
and
his
behindbehind
themfor attack.
€t
"1
,J
tq
r €

115. E
D
t
p
1
'lr
,r
Dutch Defense
i
startsas:
The Dutch defense
1. d4 f5
by
counterplay Black.Black
is
The Dutcli defense an aggressive
J
]
I
J
I
English 0pening
!
F
j
t'ety
It
is
The Englishopening a "flank"manlleIer. starts
.differently:
b1'
to
I{erc rhite hopes controlthe cettter 6.tt gainingstjppotl
lbr Blackis "c5".
response
on the side.A comnloR
l
.
:i'
l:
t
I
l
l
:
L:
7:
n
a
t
t:
i

116. )
I
) l
T
t
)
)
j
A chess tactic is a maneuver that is designed to achieve a specific goal. It does nor necessarilyinvoh'e
atackiirg an enemy piece.
A ractic createsone or more threats that did nor exist before the tacrical move is made.
The crucial tactics explored in this book are:
q
f;
I
i
)
-l
I
I
L3
I
I
I
I
.-,
6
!
E
4
5

117. E
t'
I
B5for1 lve get into a discussionof each of rhe tactics, lert revieu'some rerms
rhat are oFtenused to d.escribe
and dassify drem, Severalauthors offer precisedefinitions, but they rarely agree
wirh each ot6er and somerimes
the meaning of one authort words changeswhen we think in ,.r*, of
author's d.finitions. {/hile we
"oJther
are not lobbying for our own definitions, w;hich we formulated specificallv for
rhis book, we do want you to
undersrand rvhat we mean when 4.e
use a rechnical term.
Vhen you attack a piece you threaten to capture it. A threat is made when,
on the next turn, a player can
make a move rhat results in a position that is better rhan the one you had
before. This may invoh.e the capture
of enemyforces,control of important squares, damageto enemy pawn srructure.
or
t
)
I
6
!
5
-.<
4
I
I
2
I
CI
f
g
A double attack takesplacewhen two enemy piecesare rhreatened
rvith caprureon rhe samemove. lv{an
racticsare basedon this concepr. If a combinadon is made up of a
serie.s ractics,rhen the double arrackca
of
be said to be a feature rhat many racticshave in common. Irrthe following
diagram, the White bisSop atracks
the BlacL queen and the Black rook.
U
i'%
6
.
i
l
5
4
3
2
',,ffi.ffiffi,
I
tr
15
'/
i
Ir

118. l KILLER
TACTICS
CHES9
'
1
CARDOZA
PUBLISHING
rnove'One of
as
has
The term double threat is usedwhen rhe attacker nvo differentthreats a resultof rhe
suchascheckmate.
else,
but
the threatsis not a caprufehowever, somerhing
I
'7
)
4
a
o
l
h
The Xihite rook attacks the Black knight, and also threarens 1.Re8, checkmate'
't117'e
moves'
use the expressionmating threat when the threat is to checkmarethe enemy king in one or more
were still our turn. The idea is that if the oPPonent
if
where there *ould be no way foi the enemy to escape it
stop the threat, the game will be won.
doesnt
Consider the follorving posidon.
(t
v
4
T
4
?
I
a
l
:
c
d
e
f
g
'$irhitehas two mating threats.If ir is ?hite to movc, therc is the pleasantctroiceof 1.Qg7# and 1'QF8#'
nvo options
Thart simple enough. Black can caprurerhe knight at e6 rvith rhe gueen,tri:h"P ol knight. The 6rsr
both thream. Black also has a mating rhreat, horvever,
allow rhe .tr..t *".., bur aking *ith th" knieht parries
and can carry it out ri'ght awaY!
1...Qxa3+!! forcesBlack to try 2.bxa3, since 2.Ba2 is checkmatedby 2...Nb3#.
d
16
I
{

119. T
pI
F rll
:
'l
:r
KILLER
' CARDOZA
TACTICS
CHESS
PUBLISHING
8
7
A
-t
)
t
4
2
)
1
,
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
is rhe most Poetic' removing the white
Black has nvo different mating threars!2...Nc2+; 3.Ka.2Bxe6#
knrght at last, but 2" 'Nb3+; 3'Ka2 Nxcl# is also good'
point (!!)'
you may;have noticed that the first move, f .Lq***,'rn'as marked with a double exclamation
1'euse to comment on rhe value of a move rn'ithout
which means "a brilliant move". This is one of six ,y-bnl,
having to repeat the sarnervords all of the time'
ons,but ro understandthe conceptof the macing threat
reckmate was inevitable'
rg threat. One plaver threatens, not to checkmate the
i-ion, lvhich mlgllt be a drau'n endgame or perpetual
check.
avoid immerliate disaster.The internatio'al symbol
A forced move is a move that must be maclein orclerro
the rerm "box" co describea forced move'
for such a move is a small squarerand many players use
to carry out, becausealternative srrategiesfor the
A forced move makes calculation of variarions easier
need
recaptures'
movesthat seemforced, especially
On
opponent ca* be easilydisrnissed. the other hand, many
to learn how you can sometimesPostPonea move
U. ptayed immediately.Seethe interrnezzo topic later
"oa
you to play righr arvay"
that y'our oPponent expecced
the tools that rvill let us build up rvirrning posicions'
Now Iet us move on to the i'dividual ra.ti., *ri acquire
Ktorld champions to illustrate dre ractics'
rve
Frorn this point oDwarc{ u,ill use gamesplayed by the
I
:.4
€F
$
17
.J
= + '
!'
l
.
I
I
l
It?

120. d*
€v
f,'-!
I
|
a:- f
ii-./
f , 'j
KILLER CHESS TACTICS . CARDOZA
PUBLISHING
it
rP
f,E
€
*-
s
A
8
i:tr
!F
$
,&
z
i
E
E
.
J
)
t
I
fr
!
I
/:l
I
I
I
t
l
r
f
li
lp/
'

121. Y.S
F
F
t": J
;='.1 : r
3 .
l
t
TACTICS
FOR
ATTACKING
PIECES
In rhis secrion you .'ill learn the ten basic racricsfor anacking enemy forces:
"-,
.
-l
,. .t
r _ j
-tr
-t
DISCOVERED
ATTACK
tJ
The &scovered attack is the rveakersibling of the discoveredcheck, which ne'll meer
nexr. In each case
your atrack takes place u'hen a piece standing benveen the atracker and the enemy rarget
moves a,rvay. a
In
discoveredattack, the piece that finds irself under attacli is nor rhe mighty king, bur a less"valuable
piece.Thar
doesnt mean it can't be valuable! On the contar)', iiscov.re.l artacksir. *,r.h *ore common t6an discoverecl
check- They can also bring rl.reenemy to rheir knees,asyolr can seebelow
g
&-
19
I
I
, l
'*a
e,-
W

122. 1 . I
l
K I L L E R C H E S S TACTICS . CARDOZA P U B L I S H I N G
Eurvnvs. THoMAS
Hnsrmcs,1934
I
6
4
3
c
2
5
I
q l r
D ' _
TF
Euwe uses a discovered artack to force a quick r.vin. He retreats rhe bislrop from f7 to d5, uncovering an
attack on the rook at f8 by the rook at f2. At the sametime, the queen at e4 is attacked. Black musr caprureone
of the attackers,
but cant ward off both.
26.F,d5! Bxd5. Or 26...Rx{2;27 .QSB#.27 .Rfr8 + Bg8; 28.Rxg8#.
r
I
DISCOVERED
CHECK
AII tactics can be powerful, but a discovered check is usually the most porverful of alll This rnonsrercan
denr.olishthe enemy position quickly. The poor victimt resignation or checlanareis almost inevitable.
A discoveredcheck takes place rvhen a piece is moved, causing the enemy king to be attacked by another
piece,which previouslyhad an obsrructedvien.
A discovered attack can involve a check, but that doesn'r rnake it a discovered chech. discoveredcheck
A
occursonly if the piecethat is not moved givescheckas a result of anotherpiecegetting our of the rvay'.
GEnasruov Suysrov
vs.
Moscow 1935
I'j
'7
o
5
4
:)
?
i
The fuure
iA%.%i''/rrui
*,ffi&ry,ffi,
7&6
a:am,frTw
".,,m;m,..,,ffi
'T/orld
Champion demonstratedthe powcr of the discoveredcheck with 21...8h2+!;22.1<hl
20
I
ItY

123. &
I
T
t
TACTICS
FOR
ATTACKING
t
PTECES
Bxe5+ and W"hiteresigned, because after 23.Kgl the bishop returns to h2 wirh check, rerreatsto c7 with
another discovered check and grabs the enemy queen. This repeated use of discovered checks is rhe theme
behind the windmill combination rve'll cover later on.
Sometimes a playet can be tortured by repeateddiscoveredchecks,in a tactic knov'n as a u'indmill. This
horrible fate leavqsrhe victim squirming helplesslyas piecesfall off the board.
WINDMILL
The qindmill invoh'es repeareduse of a discoveredcheck ro vvin macerial.The piece thar is moved, giving
discoveredcheck, capruresa piece..Ir rhen returns to the sceneof the crime, also rvirh check, before engagingin
a feeding frenzy.The windmill is ar rhe heart of many famous cornbinations.
Tonnu VS,LASKER
1925
Moscorur,
B
1
6
j
4
3
)
I
Tffirft, %
K,,ffi4;M,W
Tlre lastmove. 25.8f6!l ofteied up dre qu€en.A{ter 25...Qxh5;26.Rxg7+ the windmill goesinto morion.
26...Kh8; 27.Rst7+ Kg8; 28.Rg7+ Kh8; 29.Rxb7+ KSS; 30.Rg7+ Kh8.
B
7
6
)
4
l
2
1
g
h
The rook could also grab the a-pa$/n,but that rvould only open a line for rhe Black rook on the a-fiIe.
Inscead, is rime ro s*'irch direccionsand pick off the queen 31.5+ Kh7; 32.Rxh5 KS6; 33.Rh3 I{f6;
it
34.Rxh6+ Kg5; 35.Rh3.
ZL
- _ l
I
Iph

124. I
I
I
I
KILLER
CHESS
. CARDOZA
,,T,,re
TACTICS
I
7
q
PUBLISHING
D
5
W
4
3
.J
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
The carnageis complete and White had an easywin in rhe endgarne,thanks ro rhe exrra palvns.
SMOTHERED
MATE
The smothered mate is carried out by surrounding the enemy Ling rvith his own pieces,and delirrcring
checkmarewirh a knight.
MoRprrv vS. AMATEUR
s, 1g5g
8
7
E
.
{
I
I
5
)
4
3
2
"KK,ir%
1
a b c d e f g l - r
Stardngwith a discovered
check,White arranges enrombment of rhe Black king, rtho is buried alive.
the
20.Nc5+! Kb8; 2r.Nd7+ KcS; 22.Nb6+! .4.discovereddouble check, which also att".ks the rook at a8.
But the rool<must nor be captured,fot ir is parr of the plan leading ro smothered mate.22...Kbg;
23,ec8+!!
RxcS;24.Nd7#.
nn

125. -i't
|
l
E"
TACTICS
FOR
ATTACKING
PIECES'
FORK
)-
A fork is a move that attacks nvo piecesat once. Since the opponent can rnove only one piece ar each turn,
one of the two attacked pieces must be left to its 6te. Somerimesyou read rhat forks are only a properry of
knigha and pa*'ns, and another rerrn is used rvhen the atrackeris a bishop, rook, queen or king. That is a rarher
ardficial and useless
distinction. Even if 1rculr'ant to disdnguish short range and long rangeoperarions,rhe king
s'ould have to be included wirh rhe pawn and knighl
E
-
The Knight Fork
j
The knight fork is especiallyfrequent at c7, r,vhere givescheck to the king and atracksa rook at a8.
ir
Tar vs. PErnosrult
CaNoroar:rs
Toup.xe"vnxr,
YucosrnvreI 959
1
3
4
)
6
7
8
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
'J(&ire has ail sorts
of available ractics here. fhl found the cleanestkill, aracking rhe enemy queen and
forcing an exchanserhat led to a classicking and rook fork.
L7.Qc7 QxcT; 18.Nxc7+ Kd8; 19.Nxa8 and White won. V4ren a queen and king areboth invoft,ecl,
tften
n'e have an exarnple oFa royal fork.
E
Kaspanov vs. TTMMAN
'a-*g
VSB Tounn'errrrnrr,
AMsTERDAT{,
l9g4
I
7
o
Ur,ffi.,,m,,fur'KD
5
4
3
z
I
a
$
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
25.Ne7+ Kg7; 26.Nxd5. Whire had u'on enough nraterialto secure
vicrory,,
and the gamedidn't last long.
23
l0(

126. I
'
l
._,F
t
t
KILLERCHESSTACTICS.CARDoZAPUBLISHING
The FamilY Fork
which rargetsa queen' king, and rook
one of rhe juiciest forlis is rhe family&rk
SprYsrovvs' KAMYSHov
1945
Moscow Crrv CneuPtoNssu',
''/ffir
8
r.% %
1
6
%,ffi,,ffi:
4
3
N%ffift%^*WA
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Fork.
that u'ould have allou'ed l6.Nxg6+ with a familY
Black did not dare caPture the bishop, as
I
7
o
5
4
f
')
1
a
b
c
c
l
e
f
g
h
the
or f3 (for V4rite), when the enemy has castled on
Another verY conlmon fork is ac f6 (for Black)
kingside. Here are rwo examPles'
d
24
I
I
p1

127. *
7
t
t
t
t
l
l
l
i
F
TACTICS
I
3
,
PIECES
ATTACKING
FOR
Kaspanovvs. TrnnttaN
)
Mercq, PxacuB,1998
t
!
t
N
1
a
I7
fhite
b
c
c
l
e
f
g
wins material using a fork. 21.Rxd7lBxd7;22.Nxf6+
a
b
c
d
e
i
t
r
KgZ
g
23.Nxd7.
h
X4riteis a pieceahead,and Black soon resigned.
Arorsyvs. BorvrNNrK
Trr-Arnv Orvnrpreo,
1964
it
%
%
Tffi
I
6
l0E

128. I
I
I
'i
:
KILLER
CHESS
t
.
TACTICS
CARDOZA
PUBLISHING
Becausethe'!7hite king at gl and queen ar d2 can each be atracked lry a Black knight at f3,
Black was able
to sreala Pawn with 15...8xh3!
ifll
'ffi:'ffi:D
I
,
_
I
7
b
.-,
4
'=I
1
2
I
f
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
The bishop cannot be capturedbecause 16...Nf3+, and White had no rime to get rid
of
of rhe knight u,ith
I6'Bxd4 because 76...exd4;L7.gxh3 dxc3; l8.bxc3 Bxc3 and Black still hasan .*r."
of
!"our,. Alonv uieJ 16.b4,
which led to an interesting barle but in the end Bon'innik prevaired.
The Bishop Fork
.
Tht
board.
bishop'sabiliry to operate at long range makes it possiblero'fork m,o pieces
on distant areasof the
Arnrnrmn GA os
vs.
D0ssuroonr,1908
i-'
(t
i
4
J
z
1
a
b
c
c
l e
f
g l r
Alekhine moved his bishop irrro forking position wirh a preliminary queen
sacrifice. 32.Qre7 QreT;
33.Bxd5+.
26
{
-
l
l
I
I
E
i

129. I
I
TACTICS
FOR
I
ATTACKING
PTECES
O
8
s
7
o
@
5
4
it
1
j
z
1
-)
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
The simultaneous attack at
98 and aB (and the pa*,n at c4, rhough that isnr releva.t) wins (1hite more
material' After 33"'KF8;34'Bxa8,
x'4rite had a rook and rwo bistops for rhe
q;;;'and
won rvidrour
difficulry.
.34":Qh4t
resigned,
35'Bg2 Rxbl; 36.Rxbr Qls4;
37.h3 Qsj;38.8d4
Qxf4; 39.Bxa7 Qd6;40.Ra1.
Black
The Rook Fork
The rook .,rn create a d uble attack in rlvo ways. It can atrack
nvo pieceson the same straighr line, or can
actackone piece on a rank a d another on a file. i,/hen ir is really
luck1 ir cap aftack rhree, or e'en in very rare
cases.
four pieces once!
at
LasrrR vs. SlrowAtruR
M,trce, Nnw Yom, ISgZlgS
a
IJ
i
6
4
) , 2
3
z
1
a
b
c
c
l
e
f
g
h
L*tkt: used a super rook.fork with the help of a larer knighr
fork co bring his opponenr dorvn. 37.Rxd5+!
-. .
anlclrs king, rook and trishop,,,orr. of n,h;.h ar. ad.ql"r.ly
Jhis
fror..t.d.37...Ke6.37...Rxd5;3g.Rxd5+
Ke6; 39.Rxb5 was our of the quesrion.
38'Nxb5! Rxd5; 39.Nc7+. IGright fork! 39...Kd6; 40.Nxd5 Brack
resigned.
$
27
I
I
[5'

130. f]
,}
KILLER
'
TACTICS
CHESS
CARDOZA
PUFLISHING
The Queen Fork
forla.In
, ,. - -r^ -L- queerr many oPPortunrtres create
ro
has
the ^..--..l
diagonals,
fith the abiliry to work on ranks,6[es,and
In the opening'a fork at e4 or e5 can
the win oft.n lo'*t' by w"y of t forlc
the rricky queenvs. rook endgame,
one of cherools in the corner'
snare
ft
r1
,^]
Sp*ssxYvs. KINzEt
VenNl OrwPreo, 1962
I
:-1
8
,:'i3
o
4
,...t
3
2
s
1
3
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
the game ended a few moveslater'
21.Qxe5+ picked ofFthe rook at h8 and
Enemy
around and hits things wirh his eibor+s'
racldles
king' The king fork are
I crowd around rhe attacking
king cannot
.rch to take an active rolc in the game' The
though
lo so. It can, horvever,attack all tht othtt pieces'
rst common in the endgamelvhen usedagainstPalvns'
l
Ponuscn vs. SMYsf,ov
1972
HoocovaNs TouRNAMENT'
8
1
o
4
I
ffi:'.
28
t t
I
)

131. - {
l
!
5
1
TACTICS
;
FOR
ATTACKING
PIECES
because pawn at b6 is
rhe
Vhitet king atracks
at
rwo parvns, b6 and c5, but the attack is not effecdve
.
Pordsch
of
defended.
quickly forcedrhe capitularion the former 7orld Championrvirh 4O.a5!
The Yrhite
The b-pawncannorbe defended, 40...bxa5 wasforced,but after4l:Kxc5, Blackresigned.
so
king will pick offthe rveakBlackpawns.
)
INTERFERENCE
a
Thg interference tacdcplaces pieceon a line (rank, file, or diagonal)so that ir interrupts the corirmunication
can be a simple ractic, as in the follot'ing positionof enemy pieces.Inrerference
vs.
Ponrrscn FrsclrnR
Cup, 1966
2Np PrerrcoRsKc
a
a
7
A
-/
5
4
3
2
1
The rook at e4 is defended by his colleague,but becauseBlack has a pa'"vnat f4, interference is possible at
e3.28...Ne3!
-F
IJ
1
()
5
4
3
l
2
1
_)
This rvins material, and lcads ro victory after a ferv more moves.
29.Rlxe3 fte3; 30.Rxe3 Qx"t. X/hite doesnt have enough compensation, and the game didnt last long.
3l.RB+ Ke8;32.B,g7 Qc4; 33.hxg5 hxg1i 34.Rf8+ Kd7; 35.Ra8 Kc6. V4rite resigned.
)
I
1
.t
6
29
'l
t
)
g#
(
,

132. I
I
I
I
I
't
.
KILLER
l
CHESS
TACTICS
, CARDOZA
PUBLISHTNG
PIN
A pin is one of the most powerful lveapons in all of chess.The simple pin is ar the heart of many of the
most complicated combinations. A piece ispinncdwhen ir cannot *orr. tffof ,he line on which ir is atcacked,
the resull ofrnoving would lead to the loss ofa more important piece, lvhich is a relative pin, or check to the
if
king, which is an absolute pin. The basic method of exploiting pin ir to add as much pr.rrr.rr. as possible to
"
the pin.
Spntnouov KaspnRov
vs.
EunopeeN
Tinrr,r
Cgrur,rroNsHrp,
1980
6
5
4
3
2
The pin ar. (for Tfrite) or f7 (for Black) is one of the most powerful ractics.Here it leads
f2
ro a crucial
defiection.
35"'93!;36'..Rfi.36-Qd4 Qd4;37.Rxd4 Rb2 is a rvinning Forkrhar is alsoa skerver.
38.Kfl losesto a
double deflection. 38...f31'I'hebishop crnnot move, so th" par"n is forced ro abandon
92.39.gxf3 (39.BxB
Rxf2+; 40.Kel Rxf3!; 41.gxf3 NxB+ finisheswith. a fork.) 39.*+!The rhrear of dre pa.,,r,l
promorion deflects
rhe king &orn rhe bishop. 36.gxf2+;37.Fr<fZ.The rook is pinned, so the back .^nk ir'.xpos.d.
37"'Rbl+; 38.8f1._The bishop is now pinned. 38.Qe3! The queen is defiectei, and the
c-par+.nis
lost. 39.Qxe3. 39.Qa5 Rb2; 40.Qc7+ NdZ runs our of cirecks,
rh. penalw is rhe rook at fZ. 3g...fxe3;
"r,d
4A.Rc2.
s
F
tB
P
p
1
)7
t
d
30
tb3

133. E
e
I
I
,}
Fi.
)
TACTICS
t
FOR
ATTACKING
PIECES
I
b
5
4
3
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
The pawn seemsto be defended. 40.Nxc4! white resigned. After 4l.Rxc
4 e2 Blackgers a new queen.
Absolute Pin
:+
An absolute pin is a pin against the king and a con.sequence the rules.
of
x4ovirg rhe atrackedpiece cannor
break these.pi's. A play'er rnay not move in such a *'"y
to leav'erhe king i.r .h.ik at rhe conclusio' of the
",
move'-Absolutepins play a major role in the opening, where they are usecl
ro"tie doq,n enemy piecesand prevent
them from adr.ancing.
BuuzrxsKyvs, Monpny
Penrs,
1859
1'.e4
e5;2.f4 e{4;3.8c4 d5; 4.Bxd5 Nf6; 5.Nc3 Bb4; 6.d3.
n
I
i
r
6
)
4
3
2
1
a
b
c
d
e
'l-his
f
g
h
creates absolutepin at c3. Becaluethe knighr cannor mo.v,e,
an
the bishop at d5 and pawn ar e4 have
lesssuppon.
6...Nxd5; 7.exdS O-O; S.Qf3 Re8+; 9.Nge2.
a
I
3L
I
l>t1

134. *
v
'!
I
I
ll
'l
'I
t
. CARDOZA
KILLER CHESS TACTICS
PUBLISHTNG
B
7
6
4
3
2
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
A secondabsolurepin is added, this time along rhe e-fiIe. Rememberthat rhe knight is nor
really protected
:
by irs colleague at c3, becausethat piece is also pinned by rhr! bishop ar b4.
9"'Bxc3+; lo.bxc3 Qh4+; rl.g3. Black ignores rhe threat to the queen and conrintres
the attack.
1r...8g4.
7
6
4
)
,rffi
2
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
l
'
r
Blackexploits pin on e2 bv addingoneat f3. [f the queen
the
moves,
rhenBlackwinsmaterial capturing
bv
^
6rst at g3, then at e2. 7hire actuallyresigned
here,bur ler'sconsiderrvhat might have happened. l2.efz.
(l2.gxh4 Bxf3 wins eitherr}'erookathl or rhe knight arez.) 12...&g3;
l3.tr-vg3
exhl+; l4'.Kd2rhoorol=t
another beingexploited this time on the h-file. l3...Rxe2+;
pin
t+.qxez Bx.i; t 5lK"e2
92; t6.Rgl exh2;
17.Be3
Nd7 wirh a queen
and br,'o
pawns a mererook.
for
32
0{

135. z
!
i
I
I
1
TACTICS
FOR
ATTACKING
PTECES
Relative pin
j
--"t
1
,)
DnwxEn BorvrNNrK
vs.
.,.9
"j'
Uxrrro Srarusvs, SovrET
Uitron, Reoto Mercn,lg45
l.d4 d5;2.c4 e6;3.Nc3c6;4.Nf3 Nf6;5.8g5.
I
(r
-
)
4
3
:
*-
r
b
t
d
e
f
g
h
iemi-sravDefense cnrcialiy concerned
is
wirh this pin ancrits consequences.
n the game,
of the pressureon the kingside.
ill!:..^*:
repalvn. 6.e4.White r'rearens to exploit
rhe pin E,r
rhe e-pa..vn
t, hanging on ro the parvn.
"drrrr.rrg
l
-}
J
-
!
ti
'
6
5
F
4
3
')
I
n
''ffi,"ffi'M*t
7&
'.% %ffi'
M
a
,
b
c
c l e
f
g h
breaking pin.
the
IT: f.t_*:1. p"'h::.l1ck rhebishop,
8.8h4g5;9.Nxg5!Whire
sacrifi... t
ro re-establish pin.9...hxg5;
the
l0.Bxg5.
" ";glt
$
33
I
(36

136. T
I
t
'
I
ll
't
KILLER CHE.SS TACTTCS . C A R D O Z A
PUBLISHING
a
j
o
4
4
)
d
e
f
g
h
lW'hite has renewed the pin and will u'in the knighr.
10....Nbd7; 1l.ex6 Bb7. The stage is now set for a complicated middlegame. Let's see how Bowinnik
continued the game, using a flurry of tacrics. l2.Be2 Qb6; 13.O-O 0-O-O;
14.*4 b4'!; 15.Ne4 c5;
16.Qb1!
ti
i
o
4
I
1
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
V/hite removes queen from the dangerous
his
d-fiIe, where the Black rook is srationed,and alsoprotectshis
Knight at e4.
r6...Qc7. Black is lvasting no time, and airning for direcr atrack,alreadythreareningmare at h2. 17.Ng3,
.Whise defends against the mate by retreating the knight, u'hich is now.
pinned to h2.
17...qd4; l8.Bxc4. The bishop cirnnot be capruredbecause the absolutepin Rci. Instead,Bowinnik
of
adjustshis sighrs,widr a new targetar 92. 18...Qc6. ,Vhite replied 19.f3 and for the resryou'll haveto wair fbr
the quiz section.V/hite did not last long!
i
s-.
34
I
I
37

137. f a
'dJ
:..
i
TACTIGS
ATTACKING
FOR
PIECES
Terminal Pin
i
There is one pin that doesnt clearly 6t either the classof absolute pin or rhe classof relative pin. This is a pin
not against a king, but against a mating square. It mighc be called a terminal pin, because
moving rhe pinned
piece will terminate the garne.7e saw an example of it in rhe previous game, after move l7 by 7hire.
_j
DenrEn vS. BoTvINNIK
UNroN,Reoro Mnrcn, 1945
Ur.nrsoStarrs vs. SovrET
8
,
''rKru
J
7
6
:n
!-,1
3
z
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
There is a terminal pin against the knight at 93, because the rhreatenedmate at h2of
St. Andrew's Cross
The St. Andre*"s Cross involves n'r'opins, one against the enetny king and anorher againsc secondpiece.
a
It hasbeen seenin a number of garnes,
and is hard ro anrrcrpate.
CapasLaNCA ArExnrxr
vs.
$flonro CneitrproNs
larl, 1927
I
6
4
3
2
1
a l l
Capablanca,
checkmate.
c
d
e
f
s
h
Whire, resigned, because if he blocked the checkrvith 67.Q2, rhen 67-..Qhl is
t
6
35
-
l
I
I
I
t3X

138. I
I
I
l
KILLER
CHESS
t
. CARDOZA
TACTICS
PUBLISHING
o
. )
6
J
4
I
Y
2
.)
2
..
I
I
I
Y
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
I
The king pin is on the fl -h3 diagonal,w'hile rhe pin againsr
rhe queen ar ag is on rhc h 1-agdiasonal.
t
Oblique Cross
The oblique cross al.soinvol'es a diagonal pin, bur has a rank
or file pin as its partner.
Ar.t pru vs. AIEKHTNE
Sr. furensBURG
INTERNATToNAL,
Russrc, Lglfi
B
6
5
4
3
']
i
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i.r
flhite resigned, because if the Black queen is
capruret{, then the Black rook delivers mare ac h2
il+/
ili
,.i
:'
.'ij'j
i,:i
36
i;i;
ir
t,
7
i
l
l
:
J
'
,
i
v
I
F
)J
j -