1. Mohammed Chadi

2.  Understand what change is.
 Acquire some fundamental skills for
change.
 Get familiar with Kotter`s and Fullan`s
 change models
 Understand why most change initiatives
 fail.
 Develop a change model suitable for
 EFL context.
Mohammed Chadi

3. It presses us out of our
comfort zone
It is not a respecter of
persons
It has an adjustment
period which depends on
the individual
It is uncomfortable
It has a ripping effect on those
who won’t let go
Flexibility is the key
It is needed when the
practices of the past don’t
work anymore
Change is won by victors,
not victims
Change is awkward – at first
Change pushes you to do
your personal best
Change have casualties of
those defeated
Change will cause us to
churn or learn
Change changes the
speed of time
Change is more fun to do
than to be done to
It is measured by its
impact on all who are
connected to it
Change is only a waste to
those who don’t learn
from it
Change happens in our hearts
before it is proclaimed by our
works
Change is like driving in
the fog
Change is here to
stay
Change must involve the people and
not be impressed upon the people
Mohammed Chadi

4.  2 out of 3 change initiatives fail (Sirkin, H. et
al – Harvard business review Oct 2005)
 Lots of people offering lots of solutions –
How much can you bite off and chew?--- Too
Much?
Mohammed Chadi

5.  Discuss with your partner Why most change
initiatives fail in learning organizations?
Mohammed Chadi

6.  1. Underestimate the system's complexity.
 2. Management change knowledge/ skills missing.
 3. Lack of accountability.
 4. Management resistance/time pressure.
 5. Change structures missing.
 6. Participative management skills lacking.
 7. Fatal assumption made—that it is easy/normal.
 8. Lack of senior management modeling.
 9. Poor cross-functional teamwork/ turf battles.
 10. Lack of follow-through/reinforcement
 (CENTRE for STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, 2000)
Mohammed Chadi

7.  Bolman and Deal (2003) claim that change
fails when the agents of change rely almost
entirely on reason and structure and neglect
human, political, and symbolic elements.
Essentially the focus is on the systems, and
processes of change, which in itself is
difficult enough to get right, without
consideration for how these changes in
systems and processes will affect their
stakeholders.
Mohammed Chadi

8. “Changing [educational institutions] is
extremely difficult. In fact it is almost
impossible to change them in fundamental
ways...” and “like other complex organisations,
[educational institutions] confront a set of
serious barriers whenever it attempts to
change...”
 (Graba, 2004, p.2 cited in Jerald, 2005, p,1
Mohammed Chadi

9. •Procedures and
rules
•Traditional
beliefs,
expectations,
ingrained
instructional
behaviors
•Passive or overt
resistance
•Know how about
strategies
related
curriculum,
assessment and
pedagogy
Technical
challenges
Political
challenges
Insufficient
control over
personnel
Cultural
challenges
Michael Fullan, 2004
Mohammed Chadi

10.  Change affects the way an organisation works,
two factors must be considered:
 Culture – how an organisation operates; the
change programme will almost certainly be
counter cultural in some way, and
 People – how people will receive the change and
the actions they may take to resist it.
 The two are inextricably linked.
 (Russell-Jones, 1995)
Mohammed Chadi

11.  John Kotter Model
 Micheal Fullan Model
Mohammed Chadi

12. Mohammed Chadi

13. Foundation
Drivers
1. Engaging
People` moral
Purpose
2.
Capacity
Building
3. Understanding
the Change
Process
Mohammed Chadi

14. 1. Strategizing vs. strategy
2. Pressure and support
3. Know about the implementation dip
4. Understand the fear of change
5. Appreciate the difference between technical
and adaptive challenges
6. Be persistent and resilient
Mohammed Chadi

15. A ‘wrong driver’ is a deliberate policy force
that has little chance of achieving the desired
result, while a ‘right driver’ is one that ends up
achieving better measurable results for
students.
Mohammed Chadi

16. Wrong Drivers Right Drivers
Accountability Capacity building
Individual teacher & leadership
quality
Group work
Technology Instruction
Fragmented strategies Systemic solutions
Mohammed Chadi

17.  With reference to Kotter's model and Fullan`s
drivers, try to develop a set of steps that
would facilitate change initiatives in a TEFL
context.
Mohammed Chadi

18.  Lesson 1: Learn to live with Change.
 Lesson 2 : Change is a process.
 Lesson 3: Change in education context
should be about people, structures and
systems.
 Lesson 4: A reculturing process is required to
sustain change initiatives.
 Lesson 5: Change can be initiated by any of
the three organization layers.
Mohammed Chadi

19. Thank you
Mohammed Chadi