Innovación Social: Parte importante de un nuevo paradigma de innovación

Sozialforschungsstelle Dortmund
Central Scientific Institute

Social Innovation:
important part of a new innovation paradigm

Foro Unidos por la innovación social
Bogotá, Colombia
March 2012

Prof. Dr. Jürgen Howaldt
Sozialforschungsstelle Dortmund – TU Dortmund

Howaldt/Bog otà 2012 1


High-Tech Strategy for Germany

Emerging technologies are the basis for new products, processes
and services which can contribute to mastering current social
challenges. Without them, innovation would be unthinkable
today. Our country's economic future depends on how
effectively we use the opportunities linked to key technologies.
The Federal Government wants to further strengthen Germany's
top position in the field of technology within the framework of
its High-Tech Strategy.



“The tracks of international research on innovation
demonstrate that the technology-oriented paradigm –
shaped by the industrial society – does not cover the broad
range of innovations indispensable in the transition from an
industrial to a knowledge and services-based society: Such
fundamental societal changes require the inclusion of social
innovations in a paradigm shift of the innovation system.”
Vienna Declaration: The most relevant topics in social innovation research



Social Innovation will play an important role in the Europe 2020
strategy

"Creativity and innovation in
general and social innovation in
particular are essential factors
for fostering sustainable
growth, securing jobs and
increasing competitive abilities,
especially in the midst of the
economic and financial markets
crisis."



My Topics

I want to
 outline the main characteristics of a sociologically enlightened
new paradigm of innovation
 touch upon the increasing relevance of social innovation and
provide a short overview of the main fields of application
 define mayor challenges regarding the promotion of social
innovation



Basic assumption

The transition from an industrial to a knowledge and services-
based society corresponds with a paradigm shift of the
innovation system.

This paradigm shift also implies an increasing importance of
social innovation as compared to technological innovation.



Main characteristic

This New Innovation Paradigm – as described by the experts of
the OECD Study “New Nature of Innovation” – is essentially
characterised by the opening of the innovation process to
society.
Alongside companies, universities and research institutes,
citizens and customers, NGOs and social movements become
relevant actors within the innovation process.



Howaldt/Bog otà 2012 A New Nature of Innovation” (OECD 2010) 8


Social Innovation moves from the margins to the mainstream

At the start of 2009 President Obama announced the establishment of a new “Office for
Social Innovation at the White House“ and allocated USD 50million to a fund for social
innovation.
The Fund will focus on priority policy areas, including education, health care, and economic
opportunity.



Social innovation moves from the margins to the mainstream
 1985: Institute for social Inventions, London
 1986: Centre de recherche sur les innovations sociales, (CRISIS), Montreal
 1990: Zentrum für Soziale Innovation (ZSI), Wien
 1995: Soziale Innovation GmbH, Dortmund
 2000: Stanford University
 2004: Centre for Social Innovation (CSI), Toronto
 2004: Institut für Sozialinnovation, Berlin
 2005: Institut für soziale Innovationen, Solingen
 2005: Young Foundation, London
 2005: Preis für soziale Innovation, Wien
 2006: Nederlands Centre for Social Innovation (NCSI), Utrecht
 2006: New Zealand Centre for Social Innovation (NZCSI), Auckland
 2008: „Management Sozialer Innovationen“; Hochschule München
 2009: The Australian Centre for Social Innovation (TACSI), Adelaide
 2010: Social Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship Centre, New Zealand


Howaldt/Bog otà 2012 © European Union/The Young Foundation 11
2010


Social Innovation in the European Union
„Empowering people, driving change“

„Social innovations are innovations that are social in both their ends
and their means.
Specially we define social innovation as new ideas (products, services
and models) that simultaneously meet social needs (more
effectively than alternatives) and create new social relationsships
or collaborations.
They are innovations that are not only good for society but also
enhance society‘ s capacity to act.“
Bepa report 2010, 9

12


Areas of social innovation

civil society: the increase in the significance of cohabitation or the
environmental movement

state action: the introduction of social security and national insurance

business world: the advent of team work, knowledge management or new
social services

(Katrin Gillwald 2000)



Social Innovation – Social Entrepreneurship

 An innovative, pragmatic and
sustainable entrepeneurial activity
for a significant, positive change in
society
 Connection between entrepeneurial
activity and social goals
 Multitude of global initiatives (e.g.
Ashoka, Grameen Bank) and a barely
clear number of regional initiatives
http://www.businesspj.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/socialentrepreneurship.jpg



Social Innovators – Mohammad Yunus

 Founder of Grameen Bank in
Bangladesh, that makes available
microcredits for low-income
clientele
 The method of Grameen Bank is
practice in 58 countries today
 Bearer of the Nobel price for Peace

www.grameen-info.org

http://www.br-online.de/content/cms/Universalseite/8MIGRATION/
wissen-bildung/thema/nobelpreis/struktur/cumulus/
BR-online-Publikation--51823.jpg



Social Innovators – Victoria Hale

 Founder of Institute for OneWorld
Health (IOWH), a welfare oriented
pharmaceutical firm in the USA
 IOWH develops pharmaceuticals, which
are not financially profitable
 In large part the projects are financed
by the Gates foundation

www.oneworldhealth.org
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wuoU3fxG-Sc/RkE-tD2ltmI/AAAAAAAAACY/
3OACCwc4AMw/s320/sos_hale_225.jpg



Social Innovation – Carsharing

 Common use of cars through the
provision of vehicles in main areas
 Carsharing-organisation
professionalized the traditional
„driving communities“
 In Germany there are around
110 carsharing-organisations with
158.000 customers

http://www.carsharing-vergleich.de/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/carsharing-münchen.jpg



Social Innovation – Corporate Social Responsibilitiy (CSR)

 Responsible entrepeunerial activity
referering to the environment,
employees and other stakeholders
 Voluntary, ethical motivated acting
that exceeds the legal duties by far
 CSR influences economic success and
earns social and ecological benefit in
the long term

www.sierraexpressmedia.net/Home/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/
Corporate-Social-Responsibility.jpg



Social Innovation – Short-time work

 Reduction of working time instead of
dismissal
 Developed in collaboration between
economy and politics with the goal
of maintaining workplaces in times
of crises
 In 2009 over 1.4 million short-time
workers in Germany, which
prevented a drastic rise of
unemployment
http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/Artikel/2009/02/Bild/
diagramm-zur-konjunkturbedingten-kurzarbeit,property=poster.jpg



Social Innovation – The welfare programme of Krupp

 Extensive social benefits for
employees, e.g. flats and medical
provision
 Not only monetary rewards for
employees
 Long-term, generation-spanning
attachment of the employees and
innovator for the social responsibility
of firms and corporations http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Ehem._Konsumanstalt_Margarethenh
%C3%B6he.jpg



Challenge 1:
We have to develop a clear concept of social innovation

Overall scientific advancement required to meet expectations and
developments in social innovation practices
 Elaboration on the particular features of the concept and clarification of
definitions
 Embedding the concept of social innovation in a comprehensive theory of
innovation
 Development of coherent methodologies to identify and measure social
innovations




Challenge 2:
„Redraw the boundaries”

“The world needs more social innovation - and so all who aspire to solve the
world’s most vexing problems - entrepreneurs, leaders, managers, activists,
and change agents - regardless of whether they come from the world of
business, government, or nonprofits, must shed old patterns of isolation,
paternalism, and antagonism and strive to understand, embrace, and
leverage cross-sector dynamics to find new ways of creating social value.”
(Phills et al. 2008)



 Combine the potential of social innovation in the social economy, civil
society, business firms and the state (Multi-level governance)
 Promote alliances between universities, companies and the state
around social innovation
 Opening the process of innovation to society including all stakeholders
in the development and diffusion of innovation
 Empowering people: Include citizens, clients, social movements,
communities in the process of social innovation
 Innovation „bottom up“: learning from experiences of innovation
research and business and public service innovation
 Ameliorate the conditions of participation and self-management in
social innovations aimed at overcoming poverty and pauperisation




Challenge 3:
Networks as Success Factor for Social Innovation

Networks can be described as one of the most important
features of the new innovation paradigm, a result of a
profound transformation of the innovation process.

(Howaldt and Schwarz, 2010)



Social Innovators – Mohammad Yunus

“Most social businesses are likely to
originate with one person, or perhaps with a
small group of people - friends, work
colleagues, or people with a shared interest
in a particular social problem. Within such a
small group, you may not have all the
expertise, experience, ideas and resources
needed to make your social business idea
into a reality. Don’t let that stop you! Look
around for others you can partner with.”

http://www.br-online.de/content/cms/Universalseite/
8MIGRATION/wissen-bildung/
thema/nobelpreis/struktur/cumulus/BR-online-
Publikation--51823.jpg



Networks for Social Innovation

 Social Services in general
 Health Care Services for Elderly and
Dependent Persons
 Modernization of Education Systems
(LLL)
 Social Integration and Equal
Opportunities
 Clean Technologies
 Sustainable Development
 Climate Change http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wuoU3fxG-Sc/RkE-
tD2ltmI/AAAAAAAAACY/
3OACCwc4AMw/s320/sos_hale_225.jpg



Challenge 4:
New ways of diffusion and scaling up of social innovation

One critical question is “whether and how networks can help facilitate
innovations to bridge the seemingly insurmountable chasms that
separate local solutions from broad system transformation: that is, how
they help innovations to ’cross scales’”.

(Moore and Westley, 2011)



 Organise learning processes between social economy, civil society,
business firms and the state
 Share knowledge and promising practices
 Use opportunities of social media for enabling large scale and
systemic social innovations
 Develop a Knowledge Bank for social innovation
 Identify venture capital for social entrepreneurs



Challenge 5:
Social Innovation must become a priority on the political
agenda

•Multi-level governance and receptivity of governments to
social innovations
•Incentives from government to promote social innovation
•More resources (incl. research programmes) to
foster/promote social innovation
•Establish a multi-national evidence base of promising practices
for inclusion and integration



Social innovation topics
e.g. SSH Work Programme 2012, recent calls

 Social innovation against inequalities
 Social innovation for vulnerable populations
 Social innovation in the public sector
 Smart specialisation for regional innovation
 Innovative policies for employment and labour markets
 Unveiling creativity for innovation in Europe
 Mobilising institutional reforms in research and innovation systems for
better scientific, innovation and economic performances in Europe
 Challenge: Education systems in the 21st century
 Challenge: Making longevity an asset for economic and social development



“The most urgent and important innovations in the 21st century will
take place in the social field. This opens up the necessity as well as
possibilities for Social Sciences and Humanities to find new roles and
relevance by generating knowledge applicable to new dynamics and
structures of contemporary and future societies.”




“You can resist an invading army; you
cannot resist an idea whose time has
come.”
Victor Hugo



Social Innovation:
Concepts, Research Fields
and International Trends
Studies for Innovation in a
Modern Working
Environment 5

Jürgen Howaldt/Michael
Schwarz

www.sfs-dortmund.de
howaldt@sfs-dortmund.de

Innovación Social: Parte importante de un nuevo paradigma de innovación

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