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一、平衡状态

物体在几个力的作用下保持 静止或 匀速直
             静止
线运动,我们就说该物体处于平衡状态。
线运动

二、二力平衡
 当物体在两个力的作用下处于平衡状态
 时,我们就说这两个力相互平衡
              Presented By
              Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
三、二力平衡的条件:

 作用在同一物体上 —— 同体
 大小相等      —— 等值
 方向相反     —— 反向
 作用在同一直线上 —— 共线

四、一对相互作用力和一对平衡力的区
别:

   作用在两个不     作用在同一
   同的物体上      个物体上
               Presented By
               Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
Presented By
Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
例 1 、放在水平桌面上静止不动的墨水瓶,受到
彼此平衡的两个力是( A   )

A 、墨水瓶所受的重力和桌面对墨水瓶的支持力;

B 、墨水瓶受到的重力与墨水瓶对桌面的压力;

C 、桌面对墨水瓶的支持力和墨水瓶对桌面的压力

D 、桌子受到的重力和地面对桌子的支持力;

                Presented By
                Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
例 2 、用两根细绳分别系住两个相同的物
体,让它们在竖直方向上运动,一物体以
2m/s 的速度匀速上升,绳子的拉力为 F1 ;
另一个物体以 4m/s 的速度匀速上升,绳子
         C
的拉力为 F2 ,则它们的关系为(      )

A 、 2F1=F2   B 、 F1=2F2

C 、 F1=F2    D 、 F1< F2


                          Presented By
                          Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
例 3 、如图有一个硬塑料制的玩
具鸟,它能自由在支架上摇摆、
旋转而不掉下来,若玩具鸟重力
为 2N ,请在图上画出它静止时
              F 支 =2N
的受力。
作用在同一物体上
的一对平衡力一定
大小相等,方向相
反,在 同一条直线
              Presented By

上。          G=2N
              Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
例 4 、传送带上有一个物体 A 质量是
2kg ,它与传送带一起以 1m/s 的速度
在水平方向上作匀速直线运动,空气
阻力不计,请在图中用力的示意图表
示出物体 A 受到的力。 F=20N

            A



             G=20N MillsByPRESENTATIONPRO
                  Presented
                  Harry     /
例 5、
如图所示,质量相等的物体 A 、 B 叠放
在水平地面上,物体 B 受一水平力 F 的作
用, A 、 B 一起在水平地面上做匀速直
线运动,
   AB
则(      )
( A )物体 A 受到的摩擦力为零;
( B )物体 B 受地面的摩擦力为 F ;
( C )物体 A 受到的摩擦力为 F/2 ;
( D )物体 B 受地面的摩擦力为 F/2 。
         A
         B   F
                 Presented By
                 Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
找静摩擦力的大
              小,一般要根据
例 6 、用手握住一个啤酒瓶,啤酒瓶开口
              物体的平衡状
向上静止在手中不动,下列说法不正确的
              态,再进行受力 B
是(     )       分析求得。
A 、啤酒瓶受到静摩擦力的作用
B 、随着手握啤酒瓶的力增大,瓶子所受
的
     摩擦力也增大
C 、手握瓶子的力增大时,瓶子受的摩擦
力
     不变
D 、若手握的力不变,向瓶内注水过程中
                Presented By
                Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

瓶
例 7 、狗用 200 牛的水平力拉着重为 2000N 的雪撬在雪
 面上匀速向西行驶,速度为 1m/s 。雪橇受到的摩擦
 200N
 力的大小为 ______ ,方向 __________ 。若雪橇以
            水平向东
 0.5m/s 的速度匀速前进,摩擦力将 ______ 。若将雪
            不变
 橇上的物品卸下一些,继续匀速前进,则摩擦力将
                 变小
 ____.   ( 填变大,变小,不变)




                       Presented By
                       Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
例 8 、为探究滑动摩擦力大小与什么因
素有关,小明设计了如图甲所示的实验。
 ( 1 )在探究滑动摩擦力的大小是否与
物体间的接触面积有关时,小明先后用
大、小木块按照图甲所示的方法进行对比
实验。小明的做法是否正确?为什么?




              Presented By
              Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO
( 2 )在研究此问题时,小红设计的实验
如图乙所示,弹簧测力计一端固定,另一
端钩住长方形木块,木块下面是一长木
板,实验时拉动长木板,然后读出弹簧测
力计的示数,即可测出木块和木板之间的
摩擦力。小明看了小红的实验后,认为小
红设计的实验优于自己设计的实验。对此
你能说出其中的原因吗?




              Presented By
              Harry Mills / PRESENTATIONPRO

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9.1二力平衡应用课件第2课时