3. Anne FrankAnne Frank
(June 12, 1929—March(June 12, 1929—March
1945)1945)
Anne died of typhus (in Bergen-Belsen) within days of her sister, Margot, in
February or March 1945
4. Anne’s Mother, Edith FrankAnne’s Mother, Edith Frank
(January 16, 1900—January 6,(January 16, 1900—January 6,
1945)1945) She was left behind in Auschwitz-
Birkenau when her daughters and
Auguste van Pels were transferred to
Bergen Belsen, as her health had
started to deteriorate. Witnesses
reported that her despair at being
separated from her family led to an
emotional breakdown. They
described her searching for her
daughters endlessly and said that
she seemed to not understand that
they had gone, although she had
seen them board the train that took
them out of the camp. They also said
that she began to hoard what little
food she could obtain, hiding it under
her bunk to give to Anne and Margot
when she saw them. They said that
Edith Frank told them Anne and
Margot needed the food more than
she did, and therefore she refused to
eat it. She died January 6, 1945 from
5. Otto FrankOtto Frank
(May 12, 1889—August(May 12, 1889—August
19, 1980)19, 1980)
He remained in Auschwitz with other sick prisoners and
survived. Later, remarried.
6. Margot FrankMargot Frank
(February 16, 1926—(February 16, 1926—
March 1945March 1945
She and Anne were transferred to Bergen-Belsen on October 30, where she
contracted typhus and died at either the end of February or the beginning of
March 1945 at the age of 19.
7. Hermann Van Pels a.k.a.Hermann Van Pels a.k.a.
Mr. van Daan (March 31,Mr. van Daan (March 31,
1898—Sept. 1944)1898—Sept. 1944)
died September 6, 1944, in Auschwitz. He was the only member of the
group to be gassed. This occurred about three weeks after his arrival
at Auschwitz, and his selection was witnessed by his son, Peter, and
by Otto Frank.
8. August van Pels a.k.a.August van Pels a.k.a.
Mrs. Van Daan (Sept. 29,Mrs. Van Daan (Sept. 29,
1900—May 8, 1945)1900—May 8, 1945)
Both her date and place of death are
unknown but witnesses testified that she
was with the Frank sisters during part of
their time in Bergen-Belsen, but that she
was not present when they died in
February/March. She is therefore believed
to have been transferred before March
1945, to Buchenwald, then to the
Theresienstadt ghetto, where she is
believed to have died.
9. Peter Van Pels a.k.a.Peter Van Pels a.k.a.
Peter van Daan (Nov. 8,Peter van Daan (Nov. 8,
1926—May 5, 1945)1926—May 5, 1945)
died in Mauthausen during a death march. Otto Frank had protected him
during their period of imprisonment together, as the two men had been
assigned to the same work group. Frank later stated that he had urged Peter
to hide in Auschwitz and remain behind with him, rather than set out on the
forced march. Peter decided that he would have a better chance of survival
if he joined the march. His death at the age of eighteen occurred three days
before the liberation of Mauthausen.
10. Fritz Pfeffer a.k.a. AlbertFritz Pfeffer a.k.a. Albert
Dussel (April 30, 1889—Dussel (April 30, 1889—
Dec. 20, 1944)Dec. 20, 1944)
died December 20, 1944, in Neuengamme concentration camp. His
common-law wife was terribly upset with his portrayal in the diary as well as
the movie.
11. Miep Gies (Feb. 15,Miep Gies (Feb. 15,
1909 until present)1909 until present)
12. Key TermsKey Terms
Pogroms-- large-scale, targeted, andPogroms-- large-scale, targeted, and
repeated anti-Jewish rioting; The first ofrepeated anti-Jewish rioting; The first of
these pogroms in the Holocaust wasthese pogroms in the Holocaust was
KristallnachtKristallnacht in Naziin Nazi GermanyGermany, often, often
calledcalled PogromnachtPogromnacht, in which Jewish, in which Jewish
homes and business were destroyed andhomes and business were destroyed and
up to 200 Jews were killed.up to 200 Jews were killed.
13. Capitulation--A military term. CapitulationCapitulation--A military term. Capitulation
refers to surrendering or giving up.refers to surrendering or giving up.
Montessori school--As anMontessori school--As an educationaleducational
approach, the Montessori method'sapproach, the Montessori method's
central focus is on the needs, talents,central focus is on the needs, talents,
gifts, and special individuality of eachgifts, and special individuality of each
child. The child controls the pace, topicchild. The child controls the pace, topic
and repetition of lessons independent ofand repetition of lessons independent of
the rest of the class or of the teacher.the rest of the class or of the teacher.
Children who experience the joy ofChildren who experience the joy of
learning are believed to be happy,learning are believed to be happy,
confident, and fulfilled.confident, and fulfilled.
14. Zionist Movement-- aZionist Movement-- a political movementpolitical movement
andand ideologyideology that supports athat supports a homelandhomeland
for thefor the JewishJewish People in thePeople in the
Land of IsraelLand of Israel
S.S. Schutzstaffel-- or SS, was a largeS.S. Schutzstaffel-- or SS, was a large
paramilitaryparamilitary organization that was aorganization that was a
principal component of the Nazi party.principal component of the Nazi party.
The SS was led by Heinrich HimmlerThe SS was led by Heinrich Himmler
from 1929 until it was disbanded infrom 1929 until it was disbanded in
1945 with the defeat of Nazi Germany1945 with the defeat of Nazi Germany
in World War II.in World War II.
