Participate in whs processes week 12

Recap Week 10 and Week 11

September 19th and October 10th 2013

SECTION 1

Manual handling
Steps to safe lifting
Safe bending/stretching/standing
Carrying children

SECTION 2

Infection control and illness
Cleaning/Teaching/Planning
Contaminated waste control
Exposure to biological hazards
PPE
North Coast TAFE CHCO8 Community Services Training Package HLTWHS300A
Learner Guide Version 1 Pp 65 - 81

SECTION 1
Manual handling
Steps to safe lifting
Safe bending/stretching/standing
Carrying children

MANUAL HANDLING

•
•
•
•
•

Manual handling means physically forceful
movement that ultimately requires the use of your
back:
Lifting
Pushing
Reaching
Pulling
and Carrying.
If these are not performed safely and correctly they
can cause a range of damage to your back/spine.

MANUAL HANDLING
• Damage to your back can cause headaches, neck,
shoulder, lower back and leg pain. If nerve damage
occurs then often there is tingling, loss of sensation
or numbness.
• Any damage done can be extremely painful, takes a
long time to improve and has a nasty habit of
reoccurring. You have only one spine and in some
cases damage done cannot be fully repaired.
• Therefore it is extremely important that you take
great care of your back.

LIFTING
• The best way to avoid a lifting injury is to avoid
lifting where ever possible.

• If an object can be wheeled, left in place or dealt
with without it being moved – it is preferable.

STEPS TO SAFE LIFTING
BEFORE YOU LIFT
• 1)Assess the weight – if the object is too heavy or
awkward do not try and move it on your own
• 2)Communicate your lift – if you are lifting a child, let
them know you are doing so. If you are attempting to
lift an object, let those around you know so they can
stay out of your way. If you are lifting with an
assistant, the co-ordination and planning requires you
to communicate together.
• 3)Get close to what you are lifting. Place it as close as
possible to your body. Do not stretch or reach.

DURING THE LIFT
• 1) Bend your knees – the strongest muscles in your
body should be used for lifting. This is not your back,
but your leg, buttocks and stomach muscles. By
bending your knees and bracing/tightening these
muscles, stress is placed on these and NOT your back.
• 2) Keep your back straight
• 3) Collect and keep the load close - when you are
lifting and carrying it is important to keep the load as
close as possible to your body. This ensures you are
using the correct muscles.

DURING THE LIFT
• 4) Never ever twist when you carry. Use your feet to
change direction.
• 5) Lift for as short a time as possible.

AGAIN DURING THE LIFT
• Never ever twist – TWISTING WHEN YOU LIFT IS THE
PRIME WAY TO DAMAGE YOUR SPINE AND INCREASE
THE CHANCE OF TRAPPING AND SQUASHING NERVES
IN YOUR VERTEBRAE.
• Always use your feet to change direction – never,
ever lift and twist.

DURING THE LIFT –
WAYS TO ELIMINATE BENDING AND TWISTING
After the set up of a work area …
• Adjust shelving to appropriate heights
• Where possible provide adjustable
work/bench/change tables
• Replace manual operations with automated ones...

AFTER THE LIFT • Put the load down carefully. The replacement of the
object is just as important as the lift.
So, to lower an object - reverse the safe lifting
procedure.
• 1) Communicate.
• 2) Bend your knees.
• 3) Keep your back straight.
• 4) Keep the load close to your body. Until you reach
as near as possible to it's final destination.

Do not carry things when you do not need to.
Carry them (if necessary) the shortest, safest distance.
If it is a large or awkward object, lift in small stages.
Avoid lifting for long periods and over large distances.

THE TEAM LIFT
• The same rules for a team lift apply (as above).
However, there are a few extra precautions when
lifting large and difficult objects.
• A larger and heavier load requires the area that it is
moving - to and from – to be clear of any hazards.
• Hazards include TRIP HAZARDS such as small children,
rugs, toys etc and SNAG HAZARDS such as table edges
or doorways.

THE TEAM LIFT
• The lift needs to be planned ahead, with room to
manoeuvre and the pathways cleared.
• Communication is obviously extremely important. The
person who has the best view will take charge of the
lift. Usually this is the person moving in the forward
direction.
• This person will count (usually to 3) to pick up and put
down the load and will take steps to communicate
the action necessary in order to prevent accidents.

THE TEAM LIFT
ALWAYS try to lift with someone who is roughly the
same height. If one handler is vastly taller than the
other then the smaller person will end up taking the
majority of the load.

• There is also less chance of twisting if you are both
heading in the same direction.
• The use of a side step motion is more stable than one
person walking backwards.

SAFE BENDING AND STRETCHING
• This is another area that can cause back damage.
• It is something we do all the time – however, when
weight is added to this activity it is very easy to do
damage to your back.
• Reaching and bending incorrectly puts strain on the
spine.
• Not only are you twisting your spine and compressing
the vertebra, but there is also the possibility of
dropping the item upon yourself.

• All objects that you are required to lift MUST BE
WITHIN CORRECT REACHING RANGE.
• The reach of each person is different, so the safe
reach range is different for everyone.

• The safe reach range is between your shoulders and
your hips.
• To reach higher than your shoulder level – you need a
small step ladder.
• If the object is below hip height you will need to bend
your knees, keeping your back straight until you can
reach in the correct range.
• Always use two hands to lift a heavy/awkward object
towards you.

SAFE BENDINGSTORAGE
SAFE AND STRETCHING

• Light, infrequently used items should be housed on
the top shelves, and heavy, infrequently used items
should be ideally housed on the bottom shelves.

SAFE STANDING
• Standing for long periods can also affect your back.
• It is important to move around and if standing, ensure
your knees are slightly bent and that you keep your
leg, stomach and buttock muscles braced for strength.
Some ways to assist are:
• Using a stool to lean on and have your weight
supported;
• Have a foot rest to enable shifting of your posture;
• Have breaks so you can sit.

CARRYING CHILDREN
• Always carry children with care and for short
distances only.
• You should never carry children on hips as it twists
the spine.
• Always ensure children are well supported by placing
one hand under their buttocks and one hand behind
their back.

OTHER HAZARDS
• SLIPPING AND FALLING. To avoid accidents always:
• 1. Clear high pedestrian areas such as doorways,
stairs and areas where people stand and work so
there are no trip hazards;

OTHER HAZARDS

• 2. Use signage on moveable equipment to indicate
how many staff are required to lift e.g 2 people for a
table;

• 3. Dry wet floors as soon as possible and ensure
hazard signs and/or barriers are put in place
immediately.

SECTION 2
Infection control and illness
Cleaning/Teaching/Planning
Contaminated waste control
Exposure to biological hazards
PPE

early childhood education
and care services
5

http:// www.nhmrc.gov
.au/_files_nhmrc/ publications/attachments/ch55_staying_healthy_childcare_5th_edit
pdf

Staying Healthy in Child Care
5th edition

Staying Healthy in Child Care
5th edition

INFECTION CONTROL AND ILLNESS
To prevent germ spread and maintain a safe
environment the service MUST ensure the following
areas are attended to:
 Cleaning – this refers to your personal hygiene, the
washing of all hands and all areas, equipment, and
surfaces in the service.
 Teaching – this includes teaching staff and clients
and providing information, posters and notices to
encourage good hygiene practices.

INFECTION CONTROL AND ILLNESS
 Exclusion – Exclusion means that all staff, clients
and visitors with infections must stay away from the
service till they are better and all who attend the
service should be immunised.
 Planning – Planning includes a good layout of the
service, the separation of areas of high contamination
such as toilets away from food preparation areas and
areas accessed by small, ill or elderly clients. Ensuring
sufficient staff numbers will ensure good hygiene
practices occur.

CLEANING
This includes personal hygiene, cleaning of body fluid
spills, using specific cloths to avoid cross
contamination between areas and routine cleaning of
the service.
 Good personal hygiene will not only reduce the
chances of you spreading infection but also reduces
the chances of you catching one!

PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES
This should have included  Hand washing
Wearing of clean clothing
Showering daily
Care of skin abrasions or cuts
Clean nails and hair.

WASHING HANDS
Hand washing is the primary means of reducing the
risk of spreading germ infection.
It is important that you wash your hands frequently
and thoroughly.
Hands should be washed BEFORE you touch anything
that might be susceptible to infection such as food,
small babies, wounds etc.
Hands should be washed AFTER you touch anything
that may contain germs, such as body fluids, cleaning
fluids, cleaning agents, dirty laundry etc

GLOVES
You need to wear gloves when your hands come into
contact with bodily fluids;
For example nose wiping;
Cleaning up a spill;
Dealing with blood;
Changing soiled sheets.
ALWAYS REMEMBER TO WASH YOUR HANDS AFTER
WEARING GLOVES.

CLEANING
CLEANING OF THE SERVICE THOROUGHLY WILL ALSO
REDUCE INFECTION.
 This should be done regularly and as a matter of
routine, on a daily/weekly basis.
 Particularly when an infection has occurred or,
A body spill has happened.
Each service will have their own cleaning routine and
specific agents to use.

CLEANING
REMEMBER ALWAYS KEEP CLEANING
AGENTS IN AN ADULT HEIGHT
LOCKED CUPBOARD AND MINIMISE
THE USE OF HARMFUL PRODUCTS
WHEN CHILDREN ARE PRESENT.

TEACHING
Services should provide information in the form of
posters, videos and leaflets etc to both parents and
staff to assist with teaching an increased awareness
for infection control measures, as well as disease
prevention.

If a transmittable disease occurs in a service, then the
staff and clients attending need to be made aware of
that disease, its mode of transmission and symptoms.

EXCLUSION POLICY
In any workplace with a volume of persons, either staff
or clients, diseases will inevitably be spread by air,
touch or body fluid contact. Those who are unwell particularly at the onset of any illness, should remain
at home.
Those who have been infected must comply with the
exclusion policy of the service and remain at home
until the disease is deemed non-infectious.
The public health office must be informed if a
notifiable disease occurs. They will give advice about
exclusion/isolation requirements.

PLANNING
All services need to plan for infection control
measures, as well as for manual handling, safety and
stress reduction.
For infection control, this includes situating all areas
of high micro-organism activities such as toilets,
waste bins, laundry or sick bays away from kitchens,
areas where the elderly, very young or immune
deficient attend or where any medical procedures are
taking place.
Information about immunisation/infectious
diseases/exclusion periods/notifiable diseases can be
found at www.health.nsw.gov.au

CONTAMINATED WASTE DISPOSAL

Any biological hazards must be treated with
extreme care. Biological hazards include:
 Body fluids
 Needles and syringes
 Dressings and bandages
 Nappies and soiled linen

All bins and buckets for contaminated waste
purposes should be specifically marked with
biohazard symbols, kept sealed and away from all
persons/clients.
Bags used must be strong, leak-proof and NEVER over
filled. Gloves must be provided and used when
dealing with such waste.
These containers require particular care
when using and storing.

Sharps must be placed in designated containers.
Theses containers require particular care when using &
storing. Sharps include razors, syringes, needles etc.

These must be in sealed, strong, leak-proof
containers with hazard symbols apparent to all.
Do not overfill these containers or put hands inside the
container when disposing of sharps.

EXPOSURE TO BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
If you are exposed to a biological hazard, the following
steps should be taken:
 If a puncture wound, wash under running water;
If bleeding allow free flow of blood;
 If eye splash, rinse under flowing water;
 Remove any contaminated clothing;
 Inform the director/manager;
 Complete an incident form;
 Seek medical advice.

EXPOSURE TO BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
If you are exposed to a biological hazard, the following
steps should be taken:
 There is a 24 hour injury hotline in NSW for workers in
health care, education and emergency services.
 It is purely a support and referral service.
If you sustain a needle stick injury whilst at work, YOU
NEED TO SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.
1800 804 823

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
These PPE would include  Sunscreen;
 Protective eye glasses/goggles;
 Gowns;
 Masks;
 Plastic aprons;
 Helmets;
 Ear muffs/plugs;
 Reflective wear.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Section 4 of the NSW Work, Health and Safety
Regulation 2011 refers to the provision of workers
and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Where the health and safety of the staff is at risk, all
staff must be provided with adequate and sufficient
PPE.
The equipment must be well stored, maintained and
marked so it can be located by all.
Staff must be trained in its use and its limitations.
The PPE must reflect the activities of the service.

Week 12

October 17th 2013

PARTICIPATE IN THE
CONTROL OF EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS
Defining an emergency and an evacuation
Reviewing fire/emergency equipment
In the event of a fire – procedure
 Chemical dangers
First aid equipment
Human threats
Evacuations and lock downs
North Coast TAFE CHCO8 Community Services Training Package HLTWHS300A
Learner Guide Version 1 Pp 82 - 99

DEFINING AN EMERGENCY AND
EVACUATION
There are many types of emergencies that can happen
both inside and outside the workplace:
Fire;
Explosion;
Gas leak;
Bomb threat;
Chemical spill;
Flood;
Human threat.
Although rare–these occurrences MUST be planned for.

FIRE AND EVACUATION
Fire can occur in all environments – internal or
external; a kitchen fire; electrical fire; explosion or a
bushfire. The 3 requirements for a fire to start are Ignition source – heat, flames, sparks;
Fuel – solid, liquid or gas;
Oxygen – air or chemical reactions.

FIRE AND EVACUATION
Ignition can be from a variety of sources; a naked
flame from a cooker, electrical spark from a faulty
appliance or a glowing cigarette butt.
Fuel can be anything that burns – paper; wood;
carpet; clothing, curtains etc.
The air we breathe is 21% oxygen so fire burns well in
air and as it burns uses up the oxygen.

FIRE AND EVACUATION
Good fire prevention measures are the main reason that
fires in the workplace are rare events. All persons in the
workplace are responsible for ensuring all fire prevention
measures are followed and fire hazards are spotted and
removed. NSW WorkCover legislation states that the
employer of a service must ensure that:
1) The evacuation procedure is safe, rapid and effective;
2) Emergency communication and first aid equipment is
sufficient and available;
3) Evacuation arrangements are displayed and practiced
(and documented).
4) An evacuation co-ordinator is appointed.

FIRE AND EVACUATION
ACTIVITY 1
Using your iPads – look up The Guide to the
Education and care Services National Law and the
Education and Care National Regulations 2011 to find
out about emergency procedures/evacuations. The
index will assist you to find the relevant section.
Q. How many evacuations must be practised each year?

FIRE AND EVACUATION
As an employee of the service, you are responsible for
understanding and following all of the emergency
procedures. All new staff should be given information
about 1) The location of extinguishers, hoses, blankets and fire
exits;
2) Where the evacuation point is;
3) Where the first aid kit is located.
You will be required to take part in any practice
evacuation and know how and what fire fighting
equipment to use in case of an emergency.

FIRE AND EVACUATION

For those students working or volunteering at a service, are
you aware of emergency exits, fire equipment, evacuation
procedures, first aid kit locations and assembly points?

FIRE EQUIPMENT
The Education and care Services National Regulation (41)
states that all services must have :
APPROPRIATELY LOCATED FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND SMOKE
DETECTORS AND A FIRE BLANKET ADJACENT TO COOKING
FACILITIES. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ARE USUALLY LOCATED
OUTSIDE EACH ROOM IN THE CORRIDOR.
The fire brigade or fire expert from a specialist company will
advise a service as to what equipment to purchase. The
equipment should be checked every 6 months. The fire
brigade will usually provide staff training on the use of
equipment.

FIRE EQUIPMENT
The dry powder fire extinguisher is very
effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires
and gases

A fire blanket covers a
fire to cut supply of
oxygen or can be used to
wrap a person whose
clothes are on fire.
CO2 fire extinguisher– for
computer/electrical fires

http://www.kingfire.com.au/

FIRE EQUIPMENT
When using a fire extinguisher use it in a sweeping
motion at the base of the fire. Only use an extinguisher
The dry powder fire extinguisher isthe alarm, cleared theliquids, electrical fires and
The when you have raisedis very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
dry powder fire extinguisher very effective on flammable immediate
gases:
gases:
area – and ensured that the fire is manageable.
Never tackle a fire that you feel is unmanageable. Ensure
your own safety and those you are responsible for, before
tackling any fire.

FIRE EQUIPMENT
A fire blanket is a large, thickly woven, fire retardant
material which should be installed near areas where
The dry powderor work involving open flames occurs.
The cooking fire extinguisher is very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
dry powder fire extinguisher is very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
gases:
gases:

They are used to remove the fire's oxygen either by laying
them over a burning object such as a pan or pot or for
wrapping up a burning person tightly when you 'STOP
DROP AND ROLL'' – stop, drop and roll is the technique
used when extinguishing flames on a person.

FIRE EQUIPMENT
Smoke detectors must be fitted inside every room of a
service and they must be regularly checked and
The dry powder fire extinguisher is very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
The maintained.extinguisher is very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
dry powder fire They should not be placed above cookers or
gases:
gases:
areas where controlled radiant heat/smoke regularly rises.
Fire alarm systems vary. There is usually one located
within each room within a service.
You should always know the location of a fire alarm,
fire exits and smoke detectors within the service you
are working or volunteering in..

FIRE AND EVACUATION
ACTIVITY 2
Using your iPads – students are to look up a children's
service website to view a policy and procedure that
relates to emergency evacuations.
Discuss.

FIRE EQUIPMENT
The general procedure in case of fire can be remembered by the
acronym:
The Remove people
gases:
gases:

Alert the Fire brigade on 000 and nearby staff

Confine the fire and smoke. Close windows and doors if possible.
Extinguish or control fire without taking risks.

FIRE AND EVACUATION
ACTIVITY 3
Students are to refer to the RACE explanatory notes
(North Coast TAFE CHCO8 Community Services Training Package HLTWHS300A
Learner Guide Version 1 Pp 88 – 91) and then complete activity 3
(3.3).

CHEMICAL DANGERS
If chemicals/hazardous substances used in a service are
stored or used improperly they pose both a potential
The dry powder fire safety hazard. effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
The health and extinguisher is very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
dry powder fire extinguisher is very
gases:
gases:

Before using an agent read the label for directions, safety
precautions and wear gloves.

CHEMICAL DANGERS
CHEMICAL PRODUCT LABELS MUST SHOW:
Name of product
TheDirections for use
gases:
gases:
List of ingredients
Expiry date
Hazards of use
First aid directions
Safety information
Contact details of supplier and manufacturer
All hazardous substances MUST also have an MSDS
(Material Safety Data Sheet).

CHEMICAL STORAGE
All agents/substances must be stored at the temperature
recommended by the manufacturer. Safe storage includes
The keeping agents/substances:
gases:
gases:
At adult height, in locked cupboards with warning
notices on the doors.
With space left between bottles to reduce mixing of
spills.
At a safe distance from any heat source.
Where there is no contact with food.
In the original container or in a designated container
with the original packaging information.

CHEMICAL DANGERS
Students are to now complete Activity 4 (3.5) p 95

The dry powder fire extinguisher very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
The dry powder fire extinguisher isis very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
gases:
gases:

CHEMICAL SPILLAGE/SPLASHES
If a chemical agent/substance comes into contact with a
body, the chemical must be washed off as quickly as
The dry powder using cool, running wateron flammable liquids, electrical fires and
The possible fire extinguisher is very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
dry powder fire extinguisher is very effective for 20 minutes.
gases:
gases:

If an incident occurs both the MSDS sheet and the
poisons information line will provide information on first
aid treatment. If any ingestion of a chemical occurs, the
poisons information service must be contacted for first aid
treatment.
POISONS INFORMATION – 13 11 26

FIRST AID EQUIPMENT
WorkCover specifies under regulation 42:
When considering how to provide first aid, a person
The conducting a businessis very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
dry powder fire extinguisher or undertaking must consider all
gases:
gases:
relevant matters including:
* The nature of the work being carried out;
* The nature of the hazards at the workplace;
* The size, location and nature of the workplace;
* The number and composition of the workers at the
workplace.

FIRST AID EQUIPMENT
In all services with children, a first aider must be
present at all times.
The Education and Care Services National Regulations
(Regulation 136) states that one person on the grounds
gases:
gases:
has first aid, as well as emergency asthma and anaphylaxis
training.
ACTIVITY 5 (3.6) p 97 Let us look up the following
website to find a first aid kit for a service with 39 children.
Www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA - LOOK UP FIRST AID

HUMAN THREAT
There may be times when a worker feels at risk in the
workplace due to human dangers. These dangers can
The dry powder theextinguisher issudden andon flammable liquids, electrical a
The come in fire extinguisher is very effective on flammable liquids, electrical fires and
dry powder fire form of a very effective unexpected assault or fires and
gases:
gases:
persistent and known threat.
In all cases maintaining the safety of all the service is a
priority.
With persistent offenders, strategies can be instituted
and staff informed and trained in procedures to deal with
the threat. This can include situations where the service
needs to utilize the services of the police or other legal
means.

HUMAN THREAT
Outsiders/strangers can also pose a threat. ANY
suspicious persons or activities MUST be documented and
the police involved if there is a perceived threat.
To
gases: reduce human threats, services should:
gases:
NEVER leave a single staff member alone.
Train staff to respond to threatening situations.
Ensure there are efficient staff to client ratios.
Ensure all security gates/locks are functional and are
used properly.
Ensure doorways, toilets and car parks are well lit and
visible.
Use alarms and locks in high risk areas.

LOCK DOWN
There are very few occasions where this is required –
however a policy and procedure must be within the
service emergency plan.

gases:
gases:

Lock down arises if there is an emergency outside the
service and the people within the service require
protection.
The service is closed to outsiders and is opened for
emergency services and police only, until the crisis has
passed. Use of telephones is restricted to emergency
contact and all access if locked.

LOCK DOWN
Students are extinguisher is very effective on flammable liquids,
The dry powder firenow to complete ACTIVITY 6 (3.7) p99 electrical fires and
gases:
gases:

Participate in whs processes week 12

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