The Plantation As A Civilizing Factor By Ulrich Bonnell...

The Plantation As A Civilizing Factor By Ulrich Bonnell...
Race is a manmade social construction, first used to justify slavery in the early Colonial period. The articles discussed in this paper examines
different elements of race and of slavery. The articles present two completely different opinions on the treatment and ideals associated with race and
slavery before the civil war. While the articles are on completely different sides of spectrum associated withslavery, they are both discussing race.
The article "The Plantation as a civilizing factor" by Ulrich Bonnell Phillips, was written in 1904 . This article was written over a hundred years ago
and is somewhat dated as the author did not have access to all of the information available now. The author has an obvious bias. He does not believe
the African Americans are civilized enough to not need the guidance of white people. He refers to this guidance as "inter–racial association" as seen in
this comment "Without the continuance of the inter–racial association there is strong reason to believe that the negroes would gradually lose much of
the praiseworthy element in their present attainments. In fact, several keen–sighted students have already detected a tendency of the negroes, where
segregated in masses in the black belt, to lapse back toward barbarism."
There is not much in the way of information about the article's author. We can tell that he most likely worked at "The University of Wisconsin" in
some fashion or another. He is obviously well educated which is
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The Main Characteristics Of Atlantic Slave Labor In America
The question that may naturally arise at this point, especially since we've just mentioned free wage labor above, is why was captive labor the main
mode of labor in Atlantic plantation capitalism? Why could the plantation system not have operated on the basis of free wage labor? The answer is
that at this stage of capitalist development, particularly at such large scale, captive labor was not an option but economically a necessity. Prior to 1750,
Atlantic capitalism was in its pre–industrial phase. Atlantic capitalism at that point was based primarily on plantation agriculture and resource
extraction, but especially on the former. To more readily understand the significance of these economic realities, let us for the moment hypothetically
pretend we have a plantation in which we choose to use free wage labor. As was always the case then, this plantation is located not in England or
anywhere in Europe, but across the Atlantic in America, let's say mainland North America, or even the Caribbean. Now let us examine the realities
within which this plantation operates, and how it does so with a hired wage labor force. In doing so let's keep in mind that at this time in history
America has large amounts of unoccupied territory. So then, let's begin. Here are the following conditions This is large scale plantation agriculture
producing for the world market. Prior to 1750, agriculture was un–mechanized. Agriculture was therefore labor–intensive, especially to produce for the
world

Slavery : Slave Life And Slave Revolutions
The slaves lived on the plantations and only had the things their masters provided them with, which that was not a lot. For the plantation slaves they
did not have a nice house to live in like the plantation owner, they lived in "small shacks with dirt floors" with a small amount of furniture ("Slave
Life and Slave Codes"). They were not provided with a large amount of clothing. The slave's clothes were made by a woman slave that had to spin
and make them at home. For the month that Christmas was in they got five or four yards of cloth for their clothes according to how good they were.
You would wear the clothes made from that cloth during the summer and winter until the next year (Michael Brinkley). Furthermore, slave's food
supplement was not a high quality. For one day on a large southernplantation a slave was given at the most a pint of grain and half of a rotten fish, if
they wanted more than that they had to find a way to obtain it themselves (Samuel Wood). However, on a small farm a slave may not get fed at all
one day ("Slave Life and Slave Codes"). (need ending) There are different seasons in the year for the slaves, one major season for them is crop
season. Crop season was the most valuable and is the busiest time of the year. On cotton plantations the slave during this season they were forced to
pick cotton and all day then at the end of the day take what they had done to a place called the gin house ("Slavery in the America South"). On some
days they were to

Historical Analysis Of ' Virginia '
Ashley Waller
History 1301
11–14–2014
Historical Analysis– Four
Virginia, the first of the thirteen English Colonies in the New World, was one of the Southern Colonies. During the early national periods in
Virginia, the colonists experienced extreme summers that were very hot and humid and had mild winters. With the hot summers, it gave rise to the
spread of disease. Fertile soul and plentiful rain made Virginia a great place for farming. As well as fertile soils, there were a lot of bays where ports
could be made for trade. In the Western part of the Virginia, the mountains and heavy woods made it hard to have big farms. Since they weren't able to
have big farms, they were often small, self–sufficient farms (Colony).
In Virginia, since ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since they could not afford more slaves, this meant that the slaves that they did have, had to work twice as hard in the time that they were given to get
the job done (Boston).
Tobacco was the first plantation crop raised by the Southern colonies. The labor requirements for tobacco were often not too hard, but they were often
labor intensive. Which means that they crop took a lot of work, but the work that it did take, was not too difficult. "Unlike glassblowing or flax and
silk cultivation, the tasks associated with tobacco were simple and could be quickly mastered by children or adults. (Cotton)" Tobacco plants were
mature and ready to harvest by August to September.
It was often difficult for slave men and women on these farms to find significant others, therefor, marriage was uncommon. Some had family on
nearby farms, and their masters allowed them to visit each other, whereas other masters split up families and sent parents, and even children, to live
and work in different places. Where the slaves slept, often depended on how big or small the cabin was. Many of the slaves on the small farms slept
on the floor in various rooms of the house. Since the plantations were normally small, it made it to where the cabins were next to the overseer's home.
During the summer time, it was extremely hot and humid, so in a way,

Pros And Cons Of Lewis Plantation Economy Model
Development in the Caribbean has long been debated with various scholars and literary pioneers aiming to understand the Caribbean situation and
develop a model unique for the Caribbean to adopt, taking into account their historical experiences and the structure of their societies. There is no
single definition of development as it is defined differently across lens, time and space. It is general defined as encompassing economics that leads to
an improvement in the standard of living of all persons. This essay seeks to explore the differences between the plantation economy model and Lewis'
dual economy model as tools for economic transformation in the Caribbean In order to analyse the two, we must first understand the models. First we
will... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To achieve this, he suggested 'industrialization by invitation' whereby foreign capital would be invited to produce light manufacture for the region and
for export. To attract these foreign companies, incentives such as tax holidays, subsidies, temporary monopoly rights, infrastructural provisions, import
restrictions to diminish competition, and low wage guarantees would be offered. At that time, the Lewis model was embraced throughout the
Caribbean and as time passed by, there was evidence to evaluate its success and criticisms appeared. In the Caribbean, the large increases in foreign
direct investment did not fully translate or trigger corresponding increases in domestic investment. Jamaica was one country in the Caribbean that were
lucky to benefit from this model in the 1950s and 1960s. It had experienced high foreign direct investment (FDI) and significant growth in 1950–1965.
Girvan (1975) argues however that the FDI led to growth did not help the economy to become more self–sufficient but rather made it more

Compare And Contrast Virginia And New England Colonies
In the New World, various resources, climates, and considerable amounts of land allowed numerous opportunities for settlers. Those who once
yearned to climb the social ladder or gain the freedoms bestowed from land ownership flocked toward the newfound settlements. Colonization
proved to be a grueling task; however, success was found after adapting to the new environment and facing many hardships. Two colonies
established early in the seventeenth century included Virginia and New England. Both Virginia and New England were forerunning settlements
that differed in the following senses: political, social, and economical. Politically, Virginia and New England differed in the basis of their
governing systems. Virginia focused on the desire of its individuals: "(t)hat our governors by reason of the corruption of those times they lived in,
laid the foundation of our wealth and industry on the vices of men." This standard of government was an early precursor to democracy and
allowed Virginian's to feel the rights of being freemen. New England, instead of basing their government on the individual desires of man,
governed the colony on the basis of Christianity. The New England settlers strongly believed the spirit of God would deliver them and create
greatness in the colony: "the God of Israel is among us, and ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies. The Lord will make our name a
praise and glory." The colony wanted to be set above the rest, or in other words,

New Consumption Patterns Of African Slavery And The Sugar...
New consumption patterns with the introduction of sugar in the sixteenth century triggered a commercial demand that changed the world forever
and harbored consequences that lasts today. One can certainly argue massive epidemics in today's world such as obesity, dental decay, poverty and
racism (just to name a few), can almost always be linked to this "goodness". Also linked to sugar is one of the most torrid events in our history, that
being the enslavement of millions, more specifically the enslavement of Africans to produce this killer we call sugar. Why were Africans the
exclusive source for slave labor in the New World? This essay will discuss why I believe haphazard developments in the old world introduced African
slavery and the sugar plantation system from the Mediterranean into the Atlantic and across to the Americas. It will also discuss my disagreement with
David Eltis that Africans were only enslaved because white Europeans unconsciously exempted themselves from it. Lastly, I will touch on the political
fragmentation of Africa and racial justifications which made this possible.
David Brion Davis was certainly correct when he basically stated Sugar was the mother of Atlantic slavery (Northrup 2011), so let's start where this all
began, the Crusades. Before the crusades Europeans didn't even know of sugars existence and previously depended on fruits and honey to ramp up the
taste in their dull diets. We can thank the Arabs for this deadly introduction and

Analysis Of Sugar Cane Tine
The Sugar Cane Alley film showcased many important aspects of the colonization of the white man on blacks in Martinique. Even though they were no
longer slaves, the villagers received poor treatment from the whites. Thus, the blacks preserve through opportunities of education. The protagonists,
Jose, excel in studies by his grandmother, M'Ma Tine, determination to have Jose become someone better than a field worker. Jose's grandma did
everything in her power to have her grandson further in education than in working in the sugar cane. Their attitude throughout the film cultivated a
lasting impression.
One of the many things I found appealing about Jose is his sense of love and respect for M'Ma Tine as well as the dedication he has to endure as a
young eleven–year–old. At the beginning of the film, when the village's children come into Jose's home, they are inquisitive in M'Ma Tine
belongings. However, Jose does his best to defend it as described in the supplementary readings, "he tries to stop the other kids from looking through
his grandmother's things" (Supplementary Reading, 4pg). Jose's characteristic to deny access to the children presents the viewer with the love and
appreciation he has for M'ma Tine. Jose's admiration roots of the firm discipline of the grandmother. M'Ma Tine discipline is a form of punishment
displayed through belt whippings, "given to children who misbehave" (S.R, 6pg). As shown after the children gathering at Jose's home, during the
adults return from work on the sugar plantation, "When M' Ma Tine finds out that Jose and his friends broke her bowl, she whips and beats him with
an old belt" (S.R, 6pg). Adults and children have a strict system of punishment there is no direct communication or grounding like seen in today's
culture. Therefore, portraying an immense of respect and fear among the children to the adults. However, Jose exhibits both compliance and love to the
adult, M'Ma Tine.
Moreover, both Jose's characteristics enhance his dedication to succeed in school. As shown in the supplementary reading, "Jose is a very driven
student, and he learns the importance of reading and writing. He finds comfort and inspiration in education and learning, as he realizes, that is the key

Essay on Thomas Jefferson: A Man of Two Faces
Thomas Jefferson: A Man of Two Faces
THESIS: Thomas Jefferson was a wealthy plantation owner and politician that would speak out about slavery on a regular basis but would still
employ slaves for his own use.
"We are told by his biographers, and apologists, that he hated slavery with a passion. But since he participated fully in the plantation slavery system,
buying and selling slaves on occasion, and because he could not bring himself to free his own slaves, who often numbered upward of 200–250 on his
plantations, one has to either question the verity of this passion or speculate that it was merely the abstract idea of slavery that he hated." (Smedley
189) Thomas Jefferson was always aware of the fact that slavery would soon one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many people believed saw slaves as just property even though they talk, walk, breathe, and carry out all other essential human functions. Slaves are no
different than Thomas Jefferson and the other plantation owners, their skin may be an altered color than theirs, but that does not allow a person to be
treated in the matter slaves were.
Jefferson owned 15,000 acres of prosperous plantations and hundreds of slaves to work his land every single day and night. Like all plantation
workers Jefferson, housed both white and black workers. He seemed to have more exclusive relations with the slaves that tended to his personal
needs such as those who cooked, waited on tables, washed, wove the cloth, and made the clothing for the house. Including these slaves was a young
woman who shared the same bed as Jefferson, known as "Dusky Sally" who some believe was pregnant with his baby. Jefferson's legal grandson,
Thomas Jefferson Randolph, many years later admitted in an interview that either Madison or Eston, a slave resembled Jefferson that at certain times it
was difficult to determine if that was Jefferson or not. Even though Jefferson thought that slaves were not equal he seemed to have relations over a
period of years with Sally Hemmings, a slave at his plantation.
Jefferson was viewed as one of the most brilliant men in the American colonies, he wrote on slavery up until the Revolutionary War,

Compare And Contrast Arthur Lewis Model Of Plantation Economy
The power and appeal of the plantation model was that everything could be explained in terms of the plantation. However, like any other model or
theory, the plantation economy faced several criticisms. The major criticism of the model was over the status of the model of pure plantation
economy where economists stated that the model had little or no predictive value and it could not be considered as the basis of a theory due its lack
of empirical evidence.
Levitt and Best (1978) felt that this was a misunderstanding on the part of the critics. Levitt (2003) explained that while it was the intention of the
model of pure plantation to present a set of formalized facts about the development of the Caribbean economy and to develop an accounting ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Arthur Lewis' model of the economic dualism was the first concept of indigenous economic thought in the Caribbean. The later conceptualizations of
the 'plantation economy' and 'dependency' that developed in reaction to Lewis' model and served as a continuation in the search for a solution to
Caribbean problems that would be indigenous to the region (Sankatsing,1989).
The first similarity we will note is the historic period of analysis. Girvan (2006) stated that Lewis analyzed the century between Emancipation and the
labour unrest of the 1930s. From looking the Plantation economy model, we can see that this period is covered in model II of the Plantation Economy.
Lewis, Best and Levitt all advanced that the main reason for the absence of economic transformation in this period was because of the neglect of the
ever important peasantry in government policy.
Best and Levitt however go further, in attributing the problem to the legacy of the slave plantation economy in tastes, consumption patterns, investment
behaviour, and government policy. They are opposed to the mechanism of increasing the participation in labour purported by Lewis to solve the
unemployment

Slave Living Conditions
Living Conditions of Slaves The living conditions for slaves in the United States depended on the slave, the owner, and where they were located. Most
of the time is just depended on the owner and how he treated his slaves, how hard he made them work and how he felt about them.
Slaves were not unwilling to work for their owners, but in return they wanted the owner to take care them for working for the owner. For slaves a nice
warm meal and a full belly was the most important thing. If they had a decent meal breakfast lunch or dinner then they did not mind doing hard work
for the owner. During the 18th century, the "plantain" became a very important food in the lowlands. This was due to large coffee plantations which
grew a plant called the "coffee mama" to provide shade for small coffee plants. These "coffee mama" plants often produced a lot of "plantains" and
so slaves sold them to neighbors to get a little extra money for their needs. The planters came to prefer this food because it required little work and
had a lot of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
most of them did not have any furniture at all. The fireplace was in the middle of the cabin and there was no chimney, so you would have to have
the door open in order for the smoke to clear out. They lay around the fire on two or three boards, lifted above the ground. Plaited mats served as
mattresses. They used a block of wood for a pillow. Some slaves used a hammock instead, but only a few would have been able to afford such a
luxury, because these had to be bought from Indians and cost about 25 guilders –a fortune for the average slave. Most bondsmen also owned a couple
of iron and earthenware pots, calabashes and a chest to store their Sunday finery in. Some fortunate plantation slaves lived in comfortable cabins
depending on how much money they make and what their owner will give them or let them build. some slaves could enjoy a proper bed, curtains,
tables, chairs and even

Discrimination In Slavery
In 1619, the Dutch introduced the first captured Africans to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia. They were introduced to aid in the
production of such lucrative crops as tobacco. This planted the seeds of a slavery system that evolved into a nightmare of abuse and cruelty. Similar to
other slave societies, the South did not produce urban centers on a scale equal with those in the North. The most important threat to slavery came from
abolitionists, who denounced slavery as immoral. This ultimately divided the nation. A slaveplantation's economy was based how much product is
produced. This required a large labor force to maintain. Southern plantation owners felt that the best and cheapest way was slavery. Southern Plantations
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The north was ahead of the south in education and inventions. The south and north were already fighting before the issue of slavery arrived and it gave
the north another reason to hate the south. The north wanted to be in charge of America economically and because of that, many people had their
doubts that the north wanting to end slavery was solely because of pure intentions for the slaves. The fighting between the north and south was at on of
its highest points when the north bumped up the taxes and the south threatened to recede. It came to its peak when Abraham Lincoln issued the
Emancipation

Slavery in Latin America
Slavery in the Americas was quite diverse. Mining operations in the tropics experienced different needs and suffered different challenges than
did plantations in more temperate areas of
Norther Brazil or costal city's serving as ports for the exporting of commodities produced on the backs of the enslaved peoples from the African
continent. This essay will look at these different situations and explore the factors that determined the treatment of slaves, the consequences of that
treatment, and the conditions that lead to resistance by the slaves working in their various capacities. After the initial conquest of Mexico and South
America it was time to develop the economy and export the resources that would benefit the monarchy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thought they were able to have a social life as the whites really did not care what they did with their own time, they were the most likely to resist
their conditions. This is done in a variety of ways which will be discussed later. There was a fairly healthy community life amongst plantation slaves.
They spent time together, had cultural activities and because of the near equal ratio of men to women were able to marry and raise families. The slave
population was fully 80–90% of the overall population in these regions as they did all the work and there were no towns in the area where whites and
Indians went for jobs. Cities were a third environment that utilized slaves. These slaves, however, tended to be made from the Criollo group. An
exception was the slaves taken right off the ships by white artisans who taught them to be smiths and coopers and the like. These trades were then
passed down to the slave children and to their children after them. Europeans immigrated to Latin
America in far fewer numbers than in the U.S. and as a result otherwise menial jobs held by white lower classes there were held by free blacks and
slaves working toward manumission.
Where you might find an Irish maid on the Main Line in Philadelphia, you would find a black, or mulatto in Latin America. This helped in keeping
the racial prejudice at bay in Latin America as it served no purpose to create the perception that blacks were an inferior race. City slaves enjoyed

The Importance of the Slave Trade to the Development of...
Question: Examine the importance of the slave trade to the development of the plantation economies. The slave trade was vital to the development of
plantation economies, which could only expand and survive in the West Indies with the use of slave labour. The slave trade brought enslaved Africans
from Africa to colonies in the West Indies, which had begun to take part in the "sugar Revolution" starting in 1640. The plantation system which
essentially is the organization of agriculture on a large scale usually producing a single crop such as sugar, coffee, cocoa and tobacco, small farmers
were pushed out and a few large plantation rose up to take their place and the combination of these large plantations formed the plantation economies so
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So it was the plentiful supply of enslaved African labour provided by the salve trade that allowed for the development of the plantation economy. Of
this process of the plantation economies turning to the slave trade for the supply of African labour Eric Williams writes in Capitalism andSlavery
"Slavery in the Caribbean has been too narrowly identified with the Negro. A racial twist has thereby been given to what is basically an economic
phenomenon." Another major question to be dealt with in dealing with the importance of the slave trade to the development of plantation economies
is how strong was the like between the slave trade and the development of plantation economies, Eric Williams in his book Capitalism and Slavery
argues that in the production of crops such as sugar and cocoa with the use of slave labour, when producing in large units such as a plantation the
cost of production goes down. So by this argument slavery is a necessity for the maximization of profits in the plantation system and as has been
previously shown Indian slavery ended in failure and whites could not be enslaved so therefore that left only Africa with its large population and close
proximity so the slave trade became a necessity to bring African slaves without which maximum profit could not be achieved Williams quotes Merivale
as writing "slavery was an economic institution of the first importance." An example of this what ids

I Am Bohai's Annexation To China
I am Bohai, a 37–year–old Buddhist from China. I strongly believe in the Buddhists principles of karma and rebirth. Also, I am an imported laborer
from China. In fact, I am a cane cutter on a sugar plantation in Maui. I came to Hawaii for a higher wage so I can bring my loving family to Maui to
live with me. There are 200 other workers on the plantation that are either Japanese or Chinese. I have 2 wonderful children, Chao and Fai, as well as
my beautiful wife, Chunhua. They are in China till I have enough money and the ability to bring them to Hawaii to live with me. Furthermore, the
weather is incredible and I have already made more money in one month in Hawaii, then I would in a year in China.
I do support annexation of Hawaii if I get paid more and treated fairly. However, if Hawaii does not get annexed it is possible we would continue to be
paid only $10 a month which is not a living wage. Moreover, my religious beliefs should not be a problem and I should be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, we talked a lot about culture and religion, as well as the costs to make these motions succeed. Many groups realized that some motions
were not possible due to funding and other motions passed beforehand. For example, the US government said they would give money to the
missionaries to build churches and help the imported laborers, however, as the US government they do not have the ability to give out that money. I
noticed that a lot of groups, especially the US government tried to persuade every group to vote for them by making motions that were directed
towards everyone. Furthermore, I learned about how different groups influence each other and everyone's minds can be persuaded. For instance, the
missionaries changed their mind about freedom of religion which worked in favor of us. This roleplay was a great learning experience and it was also
fun to see how involved everybody

The Effect of Slavery on the Identity of Cuba Essay
The Effect of Slavery on the Identity of Cuba
The Caribbean is a diverse region with a unique history. The progress and advancement of each island complied with the European country in control
of it at the time. The Caribbean was conquered and colonized soon after Columbus' discovery in 1492. A similar aspect of the heterogeneous region has
been its plantations. The plantations were an important aspect of the cultural history of the Caribbean. Mintz believed that the plantations tied the
colonies in the Caribbean to the European country that was colonizing it. He states:
"the plantation system was an agricultural design for the production of export commodities for foreign markets– a means for introducing agricultural
capitalism to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mintz believed that the plantation system was something positive that helped to shape each colony into what it presently is, he states "the plantation
system was not only an agricultural device; it also became the basis for entire societal design"(Mintz 27). Benitez–Rojo, also believing that the
plantation system was something positive, believed so because they created an economy in the primarily primitive Caribbean and it help them construct
a structured economical system.
Slavery in the Caribbean also played the role of shaping each colony's identity and culture. When Europe began importing and shipping in slaves
from Africa into the colonies, miscegenation occurred. As a result of slavery, a diverse Caribbean was created. It was molded by each individual's
island history and how it dealt with slavery, the integration of cultures, acculturation, and colonialism. The importation of about four million African
slaves to the Caribbean was mainly what made these islands the "melting pot" that it is today. Today, Cuba is one of the most racially mixed islands
in the Caribbean. Could the racial mixture possibly be the result of the impact of slavery in Cuba during the period of the colony' s colonization?
Could the 'Afro–Cuban' culture be the result of miscegenation, which was impacted by slavery in the island?
SPAIN and the EVOLUTION of SLAVERY in CUBA
Among the discovery of the rich lands of

The Polished Hoe Analysis
The novel, The Polished Hoe, written by Austin Clarke unravels a narrative filled with slavery, sexual and gender discrimination, labor hardships, and
sexism. Throughout a story that unfolds in 24 hours, the author animates a tale of a crime narrated by Mary–Mathilda, a sexually abused slave
descendent, in order to display the disturbing colonial history of the fictional Caribbean island of Bimshire. By using the legacy of colonialism and
slavery, Clarke headlines the power dynamic and oppression through the deeper rooted issue that the lower class, powerless, are compliant to the
volatile acts of colorism, gender discrimination, and sexual exploitation.
Canadian author, Austin Clarke, sets the novel in Bimshire, a disguise of his native islandBarbados. The plot takes place in the aftermath of World War
II, during which the island of Barbados was active within the war, meaning that military combat occurred in Carlisle Bay by U–Boat attacks. In this
time period, Barbados was heavily influenced by England, its colonial ancestor, because they provided military protection and direction for the island.
This demonstrates the island's reliance on England, reflecting its colonial past. The author embodies colonialism and it's clear reminisce in his writing
of the fictional island, especially through the struggles of its black citizens, who he had witnessed first hand as a young boy due to Clarke's
upbringing in Barbados in the 1930's.
The island of Bimshire inherited its social

Sugar Cane Alley Film Analysis
The Sugar Cane Alley Film showcased many important aspects of the colonization of the white man on blacks in Martinique. Even though they were no
longer slaves, the villagers received poor treatment from the whites. Thus, the blacks preserve through opportunities of education. The protagonists,
Jose, excel in studies by his grandmother, M'ma Tine, determination to have Jose become someone better than a field worker. Jose's grandma did
everything in her power to have her grandson further in education than in working in the sugar cane. Their attitude throughout the film cultivated a
lasting impression. One of the many things I found appealing from Jose is his sense of love and respect for M'Ma Tine as well as the dedication he has
to endure as a young eleven–year–old. At the beginning of the film, when the village's children come into Jose's home, they are inquisitive in M'Ma
Tine belongings. However, Jose does his best to defend it as described in the supplementary readings, "he tries to stop the other kids from looking
through his grandmother's things" (Supplementary Reading, 4pg). Jose's characteristic to deny access to the kids presents the viewer with the love and
appreciation he has for M'ma Tine. Jose's admiration roots from the firm discipline of the grandmother. M'Ma Tine discipline is a form of punishment
displayed through belt whippings, "given to children who misbehave" (S.R, 6pg). As shown after the children gathering in Jose's home, during the adults

12 Years a Slave movie-analysis Essay
12 Years a Slave
The movie В«12 Years a slaveВ» is based on the book В«12 Years a SlaveВ» by Soloman Northup. It's his life story of how he got lured in a trap and
kidnapped in 1841. It's about how he was sold into slavery in the south, and what happened during those 12 years a slave .
The movie was released in 2013, but the book was first published in 1853. The setting of the movie was in the US, mostly in the states New York and
Louisiana.
The film was directed by Steve McQueen, he's also known for directing the movies В«HungerВ»(2008) and В«ShameВ»(2011).
I would say that this movie is an example of the genre drama. It's a historical drama film. That is a genre which examines a spesific time in history or
group of people. In this case ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He and others are then put on a boat to Louisiana where they're sold. Soloman is sold to a plantation owner for 1000$, and is sent with him to his
home. He works there for quite a while, but there's a conflict between him and one of the В«MastersВ» there, which makes him have to leave to
another plantation to work. There's a lot of complications, and he's in the middle of a lot of it. He meets different persons, and one of them is the
savior to his 12 year lasting hell. There is a man who helps free Soloman from slavery, who helps him become a free man again.
The movie takes up a lot of subjects. One obvious is slavery. There is also discrimination of women and human trafficking.
When one of the plantation owners talk down to his wife, and treats her like she has nothing to say about stuff, it shows how he thinks of her as less
than himself. He discriminates her infront of the slaves.
Human trafficking is because that's what they've did when they kidnapped Soloman and brought him somewhere else to sell him as a slave.
The plot is not presented in a chonological way. It starts off with him as a slave, and then it goes back to how he actually became one.
I found to symbols that I remember most. The first one is when he breaks the violin that he's written his familys name on. I take that as a symbol of
him loosing hope. Giving up. He no longer believes he'll get home again, safe with his family.
The second symbol is

Solomon Northup : A Great Musician Who Played Violin
Solomon Northup was born as a freeman; he lived with his wife and two children in New York early 19th century. He was a great musician who
played violin. One day in the year of 1841, Northup received an offer for a job in Washington D.C. from two white guys, Brown and Hamilton.
Northup gladly accepted the offer and travelled with them to Washington D.C. However, he was drugged and kidnapped to a slave jail where he
woke up with chains on his arms and legs. Northup tried to explain to the jail guard that he is a freeman from New York but people insisted that he
is a slave from Georgia. Northup was then shipped down to the South where he lived with the name Platt and was sold to William Ford, a priest
and also a plantation owner. While working as a slave, Platt gave Ford a brilliant idea on how to transport logs faster. Ford loved the idea and then
rewarded him his favorite thing, the violin. However as Platt gaining favor from Ford, he angered Tibeats, one of the masters in the house. Because
Platt didn't listen to what Tibeats instructed, tension between these two increasing over time. In the end, they both fought. Tibeats with his friends
tried to hang Platt up but then, this poor guy was saved by Ford and the slave guard. In order to protect Platt from Tibeats, Ford sold him to Epps.
Before this incident, Platt told Ford his real identity but Ford pretended like nothing happened because he purchased Platt with a very high price. Epps
is a cruel guy. He often beat his

Global Business Cultural Analysis Barbados Essay
Global Business Cultural Analysis: Barbados
Hilda Coll–Valentin
Liberty University
Author Note This research is being submitted on March 9, 2014, for Dr. Reshowrn Thomas's BUSI–604 International Business course.
Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the cultural viewpoint of doing business in the nation of Barbados according to the major elements and
dimensions of culture including: communication, religion, ethics, customs, social structure, organization, and education. It will provide how these
dimensions and elements are implemented by local conducting business. Also, explains on how the culture and business of Barbados differs from the
United States. Other information researched includes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The statistics back then 1600's "37,000 whites and 6,000 blacks". (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2014). The sugar plantations increased the profit for the
earlier settlers, because in this era sugar was uncommon. The money that entered Barbados from the sugar plantations brought political power to the
owners who were controlling the economic aspects as well as in governmental offices. Land owners made it known to the slaves that they were the
authority figure and they should not try to get out of line. "Its House of Assembly, which began meeting in 1639, is third–oldest legislative body in the
Western Hemisphere, preceded only by Bermuda's legislature and the Virginia House of Burgesses" (Country Watch, Inc., 2014) . This government
wrote a democratic constitution which was used as a template by "the American Founding Fathers" (Country Watch, 2014) to draw up the United
States Constitution. Sugar plantations were a successful commercial enterprise which raised a split in Barbados between large plantations and the
early small farms resulting in these small farmers to leave. "Some of the displaced farmers relocated to British colonies in North America" (Barbados,
2011). In the years between 1663 through 1669 Barbados was hit with many natural disasters such as a locust plague, Bridgetown fire, a hurricane,
drought and in other times too much rain which added to the island's financial problems. Yet, the natural disasters did not stop the business men

The Early American Colonies
I hope thongs have been going well for you back home. Here in the Chesapeake things weren't looking to well in the beginning but now its finally
starting to look good for us. I came here in hopes of getting my own land, it took me a while but it was well worth it. I think you should come out
here with us, there are so many opportunities for you here that aren't available back home. You could get your own land and start growing tobacco,
you could make more money than you on tobacco than you would ever see back home There aren't a lot of women here to chose from, the colony
consists of mostly young men. In the beginning the colony was failing because there weren't enough skilled laborers, people didn't know how to farm,
there was no medical... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When your contract finally expires you were granted your freedom dues. These freedom dues included a new set of clothes, new tools, seed, and
most importantly LAND. After the contract expired all indentured servants were awarded 50 acres of land which meant you could start your own
plantation and become healthy. While at first this system worked perfectly, there were some negative consequences. With all of the previously
indentured servants were being freed and and awarded their land there became too many people growing tobacco. Because so many people were
growing tobacco prices fell. After 1660 it was difficult for the smaller growers to make a profit. Eventually there was less land to give away and it
became impractical for plantation owners to buy indentured servants. This is what shifted the labor force to African slaves. The slaves are not under a
contract like the indentured servants. They worked for the plantation owner for life and then their children worked for life. Punishment for the slaves
are physical violence such as whipping, starving, and

Absenteeism In Beyond Massa
The book entitled "Beyond Massa – Sugar Management in British Caribbean, 1770–1834", was written by Dr. John F. Campbell, a lecturer of History
at the University of the West Indies (Trinidad). The book provides a revisionist perspective of managerial strategies used on the sugar plantations and
outlines how important the relationship between the enslaved and the plantation managers are, to maximize production. Sugar was depicted as the main
source of commodity during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the book focuses mainly on the Golden Grove planation, in Jamaica to
highlight this. This plantation was owned by an absentee owner Chaloner Arcedekne, however, it was managed by his close friend, Simon Taylor. Dr.
Campbell narrows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
John Campbell. By critically examining historical facts, he challenged the aspects of slavery with supporting evidence. Through his revisionist
perspective, readers can grasp the significant factors portrayed as he captures the essence of life on sugar plantations in the Caribbean. He also illustrates
how HRM strategies were used to assess them. The book reveals absenteeism as a normal trait of plantation owners, this was because they
preferred to live an elite lifestyle in London and hired managers to run their estates. Due to absenteeism, it reinforces why HRM strategies had to be
used by plantation managers. The corruption of power elites as well as the roll of females can relate to the Caribbean's present. As it shows how one
manager John Kelly affecting the outcome of a situation at hand, due to his vast admiration of other through the plantation. In the Caribbean,
managers are highly rated and trusted by their board of directors which influences the decision they make. Gender issues especially relate, as it shows
how the males were seen as being superior to females in the work aspect and roll of jobs. And as Dr. Campbell shows females were influential
throughout the sugar plantation. In our present day, females are becoming stronger and are slowly rising to the stature of

The South As Defined By The Crops Grown Within The...
The South as Defined by the Crops Grown Within the Plantation System
John Shelton Reed asked, ""The South: Where is it? What is it?" (Reed 1994, 5). This paper will define the American South by the crops grown within
the plantation system from the American Colonial period through the end of the antebellum period. The South has been an economically distinctive
region reflected by the historic dominance of the plantation system.
For this paper, the crops grown within the plantation system include tobacco, indigo, rice, sugarcane, and cotton. Tobacco, indigo, rice, sugarcane,
and cotton were valuable plants and grown as cash crops. Cash crops, as opposed to subsistence crops, are specialized crops that are grown to be sold
for profits and not used for personal use on the plantations. Plantation owners had no trouble transporting their crops because of the many waterways in
the Southern colonies that made it made it easy for ocean–going ships to tie up at plantation docks. A plantation is defined as a large piece of land (or
water) usually in a tropical or semitropical area where one crop is intentionally planted for widespread commercial sale and usually tended by resident
laborers.
"Let us begin by discussing the weather," wrote U. B. Phillips in 1929. (Reed 1994, 7). The weather, that distinguished Southern historian asserted,
"Has been the chief agency in making the South distinctive. It fostered the cultivation of the staple crops, which promoted the plantation system,

Claude Mckay, a Dialectical Analysis Essay
Claude McKay & Dialectical Analysis
In Claude McKay's, "Old England" and "Quashie to Buccra" McKay uses dialect as a way to give poems multiple meanings. What may be seen as a
simplistic or naГЇve poem about Jamaican life may actually be full of double meanings that only a select audience would be able to identify. In his
poem's, McKay ultimately gives Negros who work under white colonists the underlying message of black resistance by revolution.
Perhaps what makes this interpretation so convincing is the background of the author. McKay was born Sunny Ville Jamaica as the youngest of 11
sons. While in Jamaica, McKay wrote "Songs of Jamaica", which is where "Quashie to Buccra" is derived from. In this time, he also became a self ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In actuality, the poem can be seen by Negros as a way to criticize the white plantation owner and in fact plant the seeds of rebellion.
Indeed, the title of the work itself leads credence to it being veiled in double meaning. While a white, European in the high rungs of the social ladder
may read the poem as a simple address of worker to plantation owner. However, a Negro experiencing the strife of Quashie, the black peasant worker
who produces sweet potatoes in the poem, may relate to the unfairness of they experience from the Buccra, which is the white man being addressed in
the poem. Indeed, McKay points out in the poem, "You taste the potato, and you say it's sweet, but you don't know how hard we work for it" (McKay
2). Buccra even attempts to haggle for a lower price, further showing he doesn't understand the work that goes into farming the sweet potatoes, "You
want a basketful fe quattiewut" (McKay 3). Not only does this demonstrate the Buccra's insensitivity to the work that goes into the harvest, but it shows
he's greedy and milking the natives for every last sixpence.
A white reader may look at the reading as Quashie simply complaining about his hard work, "The sun is hot like when fire catches a town" (McKay
9). In reality, Quashie would do this work even if he

Mary Chestnut's Civil War Essay
Mary Chestnut's Civil War
Mary Boykin Chesnut was born on her grandparents' estate at Mount Pleasant, South Carolina on March 31, 1823. She learned early about the
workings of a plantation by observing her grandmother. Grandmother Miller rose early to assign the cleaning and cooking duties for her servants.
Besides keeping the mansion clean and prepared for the frequent guests, Mary's grandmother also took charge of making and mending clothing for the
slaves on the plantation. She spent whole days cutting out clothing for the children and assigning sewing to her nine seamstresses. Her grandmother
worked with the servants and sewing crew so easily and effectively that Mary was nearly nine years old before she became aware that her ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two years later Mary's mother, now a widow, relented. Mary wed James in 1840, beginning her days as Mary Boykin Chesnut.
They moved to Mulberry Mississippi, to live with James's parents. At Mulberry, however, Colonel James Chesnut and his wife, Mary Cox Chesnut, had
been in charge of the estate for twenty–two years before his son James arrived with his new wife, Mary. Every detail of the daily management of the
house already had been laid out. Consequently, the new Mrs. Chesnut found herself with little to do. She even had her own personal maid who
answered to her smallest needs. Chesnut described her role at Mulberry: "My dear old maid is as good as gold ... [in the morning] she brings water and
builds a fire ... says sternly "Aint you gwine to git up – and fust bell for breakwus done ring." Which mandate, if I disregard – she lets me sleep as long
as I please – and brings me – Oh! such a nice breakfast to my bedside. While I loiter over my breakfast she gets my room in what she calls "apple pie"
order – When I am in my dressing room and bath she sweeps and dusts. It all seems cleaning and getting to rights by magic"
Mostly, however, Chesnut's life, like the lives of most plantation women, was filled with

Slavery In Latin America Essay example
Slavery In Latin America
Slavery in the Americas was quite diverse. Mining operations in the tropics experienced different needs and suffered different challenges than did
plantations in more temperate areas of
Norther Brazil or costal city's serving as ports for the exporting of commodities produced on the backs of the enslaved peoples from the African
continent. This essay will look at these different situations and explore the factors that determined the treatment of slaves, the consequences of that
treatment, and the conditions that lead to resistance by the slaves working in their various capacities. After the initial conquest of Mexico and South
America it was time to develop the economy and export the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They could sell what they produced and this gave them money with which to effect manumissions. The plantation life had a hierarchy that separated
the slaves into three levels with value attached to each one. The lowest level of the hierarchy was the "Bozal."
These were slave born on the African continent with little or no acculturation with the Spaniards and Portugese who enslaved them. They were of the
least value as the least skilled and plenty there were plenty more where they came from. Though they were not completely disposable they were of the
least consequence should they die or run off.
Next up the pecking order were the "Ladino." These slaves had more time in country and had developed skills useful to the plantation owner. They
were often in working positions of a bit higher value as well.
The top of the chain were the "Criollo." These were slaves that were born in Latin
America. They were often times offspring of Spaniards or Portugese and as such had more ties to the community. Mulatto's were not looked down upon
as they were in the American south.
The Criollo held trusted positions in transportation, and were most often manumitted. Also enjoying frequent manumission was the criollo involved in
the processing of the crops. Field hands made up the bulk of the population of any given

The Film 12 Years A Slave
The film 12 Years a Slave is based on the true story of Solomon Northup, a black man born free. He is a wealthy man in New York and has a finesse
at playing the fiddle. Two white men ask Northup to join their music group, to play the fiddle, but instead intoxicate him and sell him into slavery.
Northup is sold to a Louisiana plantation owner, and he is called "Platt". Northup spends twelve years of hardship in Louisiana, working in a cotton
plantation primarily, until he is eventually freed by his friends from New York. The main character of this film, Solomon Northup, was born as a free
man in the city of Minerva, New York, in 1808. Northup was born free as his father was freed fromslavery earlier. In 1829, Northup married Anne
Hampton and the couple had three daughters. Northup grew up renowned in Minerva, especially for his skill at playing the fiddle. In 1841, two men
offered Northup the opportunity to play in their music travel group, which Northup agreed to. Later in Washington DC, the two men intoxicated
Northup, and sold him to a Washington slave master. Northup was then shipped down to Louisiana where he was auctioned off as a slave. He was
purchased by a plantation owner named William Ford, who was a kind master. The next year Ford was in debt and was forced to sell Northup to
another plantation owner, John Tibeats. Tibeats was merciless and ruthless, and he despised Northup. On one occasion, Tibeats attempted to whip
Northup for not following orders, but

Mulberry Chesnut: A Brief Analysis
Meanwhile, at Mulberry Chesnut spent several hours writing in her diary and even more time sewing shirts for soldiers. She would also travel
many mornings with tons of supplies for the hospital operated by Louisa McCord and the Wayside Hospital of Jane Fisher. All the while she wrote
about her frustration with her husband and other men who were not fighting: "Oh if I could put some of my reckless spirit into these discreet
cautious lazy men"; "Beauregard is at Norfolk and if I was a man I should be there too!"; "If I was a man I would not doze and drink and drivel here
until the fight is over in Virginia" (Muhlenfeld 113). The diary captured her enthusiasm to sit on top of the house to watch the offensive of Fort Sumter.
She also wrote about... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the 1870s, they built a third home for Mary Chesnut, which they called Sarsfield, which was specifically in her name. In 1884, her mother and
her husband died within three weeks of each other. In her last years, Chesnut was alone and only had Sarsfield as a land possession, so she began to
think of writing in order to earn money. she began to organize her diary for publication. She corrected a lot of her writing with the desire to publish it,
so it is difficult to determine whether or not she really hated slavery or if she changed it after the war was over. Overall, it did seems as thoough
Chesnut had long felt the way she had in 1861: "I wonder if it be a sin to think slavery a curse to any land. Sumner said not one word of this hated
institution which is not true. Men and women are punished when their masters and mistresses are brutes, not when they do wrong–and then we live
surrounded by prostitutes. An abandoned woman is sent out of any decent house elsewhere. Who thinks any worse of a Negro or mulatto woman for
being a thing we can't name? God forgive us, but ours is a monstrous system, a wrong and an iniquity" (Chesnut, p. 29). The diary of Mary Chesnut, a
remarkable account of the Civil War from the point of view of a southern woman, slave holder, and plantation owner, was published in 1905 under the
title A Diary from

Analysis Of 12 Years A Slave
The movie 12 Years A Slave was released on October 18, 2013 and is a movie about Solomon Northup, a free African American living in New York
as a violinist with his family. Solomon is a very respected violinist and so when two white men posing as circus owners tell him they want him to
come play the violin for them in the state of Washington he goes for it, and is ultimately drugged, kidnapped, then sold intoslavery. For 12 years
Solomon was a slave, his freedom stolen from him, and given a new name to go by, Platt. Solomon's faced with many near death experiences. After
12 years a white man from Canada named Bass, who believes that everybody is equal, is working on Solomon's plantation and sends a letter to his
family and friends as requested by Solomon letting them know he has been enslaved.
Although 12 Years a Slave is based on challenges that we cannot even fathom such as slavery, I thought that directorSteve McQueen did a wonderful
job in by using sounds, lighting, picture shots, and actors, to portray slavery is the realest way possible; Solomon's intelligence and passion for his
family will keep you on the edge of your seat in the truly awe–inspiring film. This is a great movie for an adult crowd and I stress adult because this is
a violent movie and there is some nudity, but this movie depicts the realism of slavery in a way that I believe no other slavery movie can.
The movie 12 Years A Slave uses lighting and many different picture shots to add to the realism

The Value Of Slave Life
Money from jobs, stocks, and major companies are the bare bones of our economy. People are born, go to school, go to college, then find a job that
can pay enough for comfortable living. On the other side of the equation, people are born, go to school, then either find a job or live unemployed. It
is known that people will try to put together "get rich quick" schemes which often led to federal crime. This intrinsic thirst for money has shown
itself once before and has led to violent punishment and unjustifiable murder. Enslaved people are born to work, making the enslaved people the bare
bones of the colonial south. But the worsening of conditions experienced by slaves was worsened by a single creation. Around 1792, Eli Whitney
applied for a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cotton gin created many ripples in the lives of slaves and caused many slaves to believe they were nothing but animals. They were fed, worked
hard, and bred like dogs. If a dog were to disobey his master punishments would be handed out. Dogs are given rations of food and water. Dogs are
often rewarded if they perform their "tricks" correctly, but dogs who fall victim to "[malnourishment] by insufficient food and intense labor" (Baptist
pg. 122) will be beaten or "put down". Maybe the point is running away from sight–Greed drove many slave owners. When Whitney decided to create
his cotton gin, he could or could not have been aware of the significance the gin will cause the enslaved peoples. The cotton gin drove slave owners
care more about the money and less about the condition of their "Property" (Thomas Drayton). The cotton gin drove slave owners to beat senseless
any slave who does not make their master enough money and if a slave dies, so be it. But most importantly, the cotton gin drove slave owners to take
from anyone to simply make gains in the brief lifetime of the gin; the most popular 'get rich quick' scheme ever

Caricom 's Proposal : Rectify The Economic Problems And...
Caricom's proposal seeks to rectify the Caribbean countries economic state due to years of abuse by the European nations of the world. The European
countries not only depleted the Caribbean Island's resources, but they also allowed the forced mass migration of African slaves to this region in their
favor. Stolen lives in a new territory created a deathly environment and hazardous conditions for the newly placed tribe of people. Death followed
slaves like shadows forever lingering right behind them because it was imminent at any time. Cultural changes were unavoidable due to the high native
death toll; this is the part of the reason for the slave trade across the Atlantic. The European nations benefited immensely from raping the resources of
many regions in the world, including the Caribbean, and they changed/eliminated cultures and groups of people. Now, we are at a time and place in
the world where we can correctly identify the ongoing economic problems and changes caused by the actions of Europe's ancestors. Should the
European nations of the world correct the wrongdoings of their forefathers by helping the Caribbean modernize and improve their current predicament?
Yes. Presently, Europe is prosperous in many ways that are unmatched by that of the Caribbean. Nevertheless, Europe must lend the Caribbean
assistance as a way of paying society for their previous convictions.
The Atlantic slave trade provided a means for laborers that were used in the Caribbean.
Robert Strayer

The Caribbean Plantation Model
dependencies and mini–states that specialize in export of services and relatively high per capita incomes. The more populous islands and the Guianas
still have large agricultural sectors and relatively low per capita incomes. The economic diversity within the Caribbean reflects the inequalities and
uneven development characteristic of the world capitalist economy. And intra–Caribbean diversity was addressed in the plantation models. Best–Levitt
saw regional integration as a complement to changing internal structures of production and accumulation. The plantation economy school is at its
strongest when it analyses the coincidence of class and race relations in the plantation societies and the bases on ethnic antagonism in ethnically plural
plantation societies like Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana. The model is strongest in its pure plantation economy version where it represents the
situation of island economies in which slave plantation was the dominant unit of production as in British and French west indies islands. Where slave
plantations were not dominant as in the Hispanic islands or were part of continental hinterlands.
Wolf saw the plantation as a class structures system. He believed that there was an old style and new style plantation system. On the old–style
plantation system, the workers were responsible for producing the surplus and also feed the owner, his family, service him, and to feed the workforce.
The old–style plantation system reinforces the paternalistic

The Slavery Of African Americans
During the early developments of America, multiple states instituted the practice of owning African–Americans and using them as slaves. Surprisingly,
this form of slavery was not only present in the Southern states, but also in the Northern too. Plantation owners from all over found their use in owning
slaves, and were even shown taking advantage of the practice. By having ownership of slaves, it often contributed in farming production on plantations
and also became useful when it came to voting. Unfortunately, though, the practice was abused by many plantation owners. When looking back at the
many accounts written at the time, there seems to be a pattern of how the slaves were treated. Furthermore, the accounts additionally revealed problems
that not only existed in the south, but also in the north too. Therefore, by using an account of a traveler visiting America and a plantation owner who
owned slaves, it's able to understood on how the slaves were actually treated within society. These two sources not only reveal a problem amongst the
owners, but also reveal a side of the North that many did not know. Upon visiting Northern America on a business trip, Robert Sutcliffe often
documented journey and through these documentations revealed many startling observations. Although slavery was something that was practiced in
multiple places around the world during his time, Sutcliffe made startling observations upon his visit. In one of his excerpts, he described staying at an

Why Tobacco Is Important To Me Essay
Virginia is the best place around, we weren't so good before but now we are back on the top. Virginia has the largest population and we guarantee you
that you will earn money thanks to our self–government. Also, the King of England signed a Magna Carta or "The Great Charter", so they can not
raise taxes without asking the nobles. We have TheHouse of Burgesses so our people vote for representatives. Settlers have the opportunity to control
their own government so your everyday life is the best it can be.
We only have one kind of church and that is the Church of England. What is good about this is that it is easier for everyone to just practice one religion
than to have multiple kinds of practice.
Growing tobacco here is the best thing since that is the main source of money and that's why we are so wealthy. Also tobacco farmers don't need to
work so hard anymore since we have the most slave population compared to every other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You will be sitting on a ginourmus pile of cash if you decide to work here in Virginia. From exporting 10 million pounds of tobacco a year just to
England we make 400,000 Sterlings a year from tobacco farming don't you want to get some of that money England gives us.
We have so many other jobs for you if tobacco farming is not your thing. You can be in the council, a carpenter, a blacksmith, bricklayer, surgeon,
tradesman and there are so much more jobs here in Virginia. We have so many laborers in Virginia that work for a very cheap pay, they can work for
you and get you rich.
You can also bring your own slaves. or buy some slaves here and they will make you even more money for you to take to the beautiful home you
will have here. Many jobs in virginia can earn you 200 sterlings a year, this is 7 times the amount of money skilled craftsman in England make.
Please come to Virginia if you want to make some money for yourself and for your family you will never regret this

College Athletes Should Not Be Banned
Every year NCAA brings in approximately $6 billion from highly anticipated sports events, such as this month's NCAA tournament "March Madness",
for example.1 While brackets will be broken, nets will be slashed, and the championship team will be crowned, ultimately the real winner from college
events like these is the NCAA itself. While the relentless student–athletes train rigorously day and night to represent their schools, the athletes who
participate do not see a single penny, even though they are the ones who "...risk career–ending injuries every time they onto the court, field, or rink."
The NCAA forces all 'amateur' college athletes to sign a contract, forbidding monetary compensation for their efforts and restricting them from any
sponsorship deals with payouts. This has posed a dilemma since the early 1900s, because some of the best collegiate athletes have been dirt poor,
while the NCAA program has continued to make millions off of the names of athletes who cannot afford to feed their own families. As a solution, all
NCAA athletes deserve to be paid. In the event that there were only one reason that college athletes ought to be paid, it is that both the NCAA and the
college itself utilizes players' name and status for its own financial benefit. Whether it is selling players jerseys or signing autographs, the NCAA is
successfully profiting off of the player whose number is on the shirt, without giving any cut to the player himself. An eleven billion dollar industry

Homework
Hist 1301– Test 1
Part 1– In the beginning of the New World, the Natives and Europeans benefited from each other. While the natives used the European advanced
technology to surpass other tribes, the Europeans were learning how to cultivate the land. The Natives introduced tobacco to the Europeans which later
went on to be one of their main exports. Eventually the binds between both would break and the Europeans would drive the natives off their land.
Part 2– Europeans were introduced to slavery in Africa, where they had colonies that were directly involved with the slave trade. This made it
inevitable for slavery to find its way over to the Americas. One of the major pull factors for slavery was the opportunity ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Their military rule held the colony together only in the beginning, but the harsh winters and lack of necessary supplies were too much for them at
the time. At one point the colony was even abandoned but the refuges ran into a fleet that was heading toward Jamestown and were forced to
return and help reestablish the colony. Eventually the Jamestown colony was introduced to tobacco and started harvesting it in mass quantities.
This later became their substitute for the gold mines they originally came looking for; as a matter of fact the Jamestown tobacco plantations were
the biggest of the time and would remain that way for many years to come. Eventually the New England colony would become a refuge for those
seeking freedom of religion. They depended a lot on England; they were known for their trade and could easily be known as the better established
and successful colony of the time. Jamestown seemed to be the better established out of the two English colonies, especially with its productive
production of tobacco for export. The Natives came off as an easy target to the Europeans because of their lack of advanced technologies such as
guns and lack of organization, and their fondness for the simpler ways of life. The Europeans that came over to the Americas worked together and
were united as one people, where the Natives were divided among tribes and were looking to benefit from trade with

How Rural Slaves Lived And Worked On Brazilian Sugar...
Throughout the 16th century, as there was a demographic collapse of the indigenous population, there was now a new demand for slave labor in Latin
America. In Brazil, the Portuguese needed a large workforce to cultivate sugar plantations. As a result, numerous slaves from Africa were imported to
work on large plantation fields. In various plantations, rural slaves experienced harsh working and living conditions. Few slaves had a high life
expectancy. Robert Edgar Conrad in "Children of God's Fire," shares some primary sources that dealt with the types of environments and conditions
many slaves faced and encountered in Brazil. The sources also gave insight into the regulations and economics/business of the slave trade. Conrad
states that rural Brazil was "a hell for blacks" (Conrad 54). Many slaves dealt with extremely harsh conditions just to keep the European market in
Latin American growing and profitable. This paper will analyze how rural slaves lived and worked on Brazilian sugar plantations.
To start, in Brazil the Portuguese become convinced that full–scale exploitation of the land was imperative for the safety of their entire overseas
empire. Sugar cultivation was the ideal crop to guarantee the existence of a profitable colony. As a result, the Portuguese dominated theAtlantic slave
trade. Various slaves from different parts of Africa were brought to Brazil and experienced difficult working and in living in Brazilian sugar plantations
and that only slaves

Popularity of Tobacco in Colonial Times
Tobacco was the soul and life of the colony; it was primitive, but made an important form of diversified farming from the start among the small
farmers. With the growth of the big plantations in the 18th century, there were small landowners among large planters in the Tidewater area.
Usually, they possessed few slaves (if any). The importation of little food indicates that there existed a standard farming system. Tobacco was not
the only product of large tobacco plantations. It is indicated by the fact that all of the financial records of the goods of one man's labor recorded as
so many acres of tobacco and others. Low prevailing prices of tobacco would have made the agricultural economy less cost–effective. Agricultural
product such as tobacco was new to most of the people, but not to the English settlers at the Johnstown. There was no experience in marketing to
draw upon, growing and curing in that century. These difficulties and procedures were tackled by trial and error in Virginia. Tobacco was very
popular in early Virginia during the colonial time. Discussion The colony exploited the only reliable export for the benefit of English trade. The
policy made the Virginia planter become an agricultural spendthrift. For a long period of time a system of farming depleted his land. The price of land
was cheap, which means that fertilization was limited and laborious. Through clearing of trees away, they were able to move south, west, north, and
southwest to replace his worn–out

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