7. History
In mid 1990, the garbage landfill in the Campania district were full and so all
employees refused to collect the garbage from Naples. Leaving the streets
filled with garbage.
Even after newly elected Prime Minister
Silvio Berlusconi took immediate action into
implementing a solution for garbage.
Today the crisis isn’t as bad however it still
remains.
Tons of garbage has been sent to Germany as well as the opening of new landfill
have been initiated and authorized by the government.
11. The biggest Problem
After month’s of research, we conclude that:
The main problem with Garbage in the City of Naples is
its transport and final destination of garbage i.e.
Landfills
12. Camorra
For years it has believed that a
private distinct group called the
“camorra” located in southern Italy,
Campania control the land in which
landfills are present.
It might be the hardest solution but also
the most efficient an investigation into private sectors of
Campania to resolve the issue with private land owned by the
“Camorra” and the use of illegal dumping of toxic waste.
15. Waste-To-Energy
In Italy, 3.5 million tons of garbage was incinerated in 2004. Today there are
around 49 WtE (Waste-to-Energy) facilities in Italy.
32 located in northern Italy
15 in the center of Italy
7 in the southern part of Italy.
Technology in energy has increased a lot. Today people use more energy than
ever before. In 2004, 2.4 million MW of electrical energy and 0.575 million
MW of thermal energy were produced from waste. In 2004, the average
production of electrical energy was 587 kW per ton of processed waste and of
thermal energy 361 kWhth per tonne.
The great results as written up there are not many in south Italy where Naples
is located. Investments should start to increase the WtE plants in southern
Italy as well as incineration plants.
16. Recycle
In 2004, approximately 7.1 million tons of garbage was recycled, which is equal
to 22.7% of the total waste production.
However, the situation is very different between the geographical areas:
The North has reached a recycling value of 35.5%,
The Center 18.3%
The South ONLY 8.1%.
Awareness should be raised for
recycling in the south. Especially
recycling facilities.
21. Russia
Russia is one of the most countries
that have incinerations with its
biggest located in St. Petersburg
“Rubbish Chute”
Motivates the people to throw
garbage in the right place, closer
to home
22. Russia - INVOLVEMENT
THE GREEN PEACE ACTION
The international movement
“LET’S DO IT”
GARBAGE SEPERATION
24. “PLASMA ARC DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGY”
THE “BETTER” TOMORROW
PLASMA ARC WASTE DISPOSAL, IT IS AN
ADVANCED METHOD FOR DISPOSAL. THE
WASTE IS PLACED BETWEEN TWO
ELECTRODES AND AN ELECTRIC CURRENT IS
STARTED GIVING A LARGE SPARK AT A
TEMPERATURE OF 1500 DEGREES CELCIUS
IT IS ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPOSING THE WASTE INTO BIOGAS
WHICH CAN BE USED AS FUEL AND MELT
FRIENDLY WHICH CAN ALSO BE USED BY THE METAL,
CONSTRUCTION, ABRASIVE INDUSTRY
27. Egypt
After the revolution the
new government issued a
statement saying
“THE EGYPTIANS PEOPLE ARE THE
OWNERS OF EGYPT AND THE LAND
OF EGYPT, THEY DESERVE THE BEST
SORROUNDING ENVIRONMENT”
before giving the order of
opening 12 new landfills.
28. EGYPT NEW CONSTITUTION: INSINKERATOR
STARTING FROM
2013 EVERY
HOUSHOLD BUILT
MUST HAVE AN
INSTALLED
INSINKERATOR
32. Green Dot
The system, called the Green Dot, is very common in Europe.
You can see this symbol on plastic, shampoo bottles, and cans
of food. The Green Dot means that the price of the product you
are paying for includes collection and recycling. This symbol is
known all over Europe under similar names.
Today, the Green Dot® program has more
than 130,000 participating companies and
460 billion packages have been stamped with
the Green Dot® logo.
33. Countries that implement “GREEN DOT”
AIESEC NAPOLI
PARTHENOPE DREAM:
“ITALY WILL BECOME
A MEMBER OF THE
GREEN DOT”
34. “Plastic”
Italy already enforces Recycling and persists on its implementation. It hasn’t
yet banned the excessive use of plastic:
Plastic is Non-Biodegradable
It takes about 10,000 years for plastic to be degraded
• Laws should be amended to ban markets from giving out plastic
bags and should be sold, making people re-use the plastic bags
more than once and reduce the use and production of Plastic.
• Restaurants should be restricted from giving out plastic cups but
instead use paper cups
35. “BioDrying”
Biodrying is the process by which
biodegradable waste is rapidly
heated through initial stages of
composting to remove water
from a waste collection and
therefor reduce its overall
weight. Reducing the total
volume of the waste so less space
needed for it to be disposed.
36. “Waste Gasification”
Gasification is a process that converts waste carbonaceous
materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and
methane. By reacting the material at high temperatures
(>700°C), without combustion, The resulting gas is syngas or
producer gas and is itself a fuel.
•Less production of flue gas
•Electricity may be generated in engines and gas turbines which
is more efficient than steam cycle used in incineration
•Chemical processing of syngas may produce other synthetic gas
instead of electricity
•Some gasification process produce metals to release it in
chemically stable form
37. “Mechanical Biological Treatment”
This deals with all the garbage that hasn’t
been recycled or sorted.
1.The waste is shredded
2.Recyclable material is removed
3.The waste is composted, digested or
anaerobically digested
If it was anaerobically digested it results with
gas used as a fuel.
MBT reduces the total volume of the waste.
Most MBT technologies have been developed
in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
39. “Mechanical Heat Treatment”
Mechanical Heat Treatment, is separated
into two parts “mechanical-and-heat”
The waste is first sorted and all recyclable
material is removed and recycled.
The waste is autoclaved, steam is pressured
at 160 degrees and this kills all the bacteria
and viruses in the waste.
The plastic is softened and flattened, paper and fibers are disintegrated.
Reducing the total volume of waste by about 70%
In most countries this is used for medical waste because the process kills all
the bacteria, virus and pathogens.
40. “Pyrolysis”
It is the thermochemical
decomposition of organic material,
without the use of pressurized
oxygen. It occurs at temperatures of 600 degrees under pressure. It
turns biomass into
syngas which can be used to produce synthetic
materials or fuel. Also to convert waste into safely
disposal materials.
Anhydrous Pyrolysis can also be used to
produce liquid fuel similar to diesel from
plastic waste.
41. Tunnel Composting
The tunnel composting is a closed-circuit reactor process with air diffusion and
automated process flow.
Apart from biowaste this process can also handle mixed domestic wastes and
difficult-to-treat materials such as large-kitchen wastes, sewage sludge and wastes
from livestock farming.
42. Penalty
A law should be passed to ban throwing garbage in
public and to concentrate on throwing garbage at
night only and if not applied then a fee must be paid.
43. “DustBot”
The garbage bin of the Dust-box robot has a capacity of 40 kg.
The robot works with a combination of GPS navigation and with a gyroscope to keep it standing up.
There are also a number of sensors on the machine so it does not crash into anything. It is able to
monitor pollution through a number of air quality sensors, and can advise if the levels are too high.
44.
45. “Rubbish Chute”
The cost of one barrel (euro)
Estimated Floors
6 9 10 12 14 17 19 23
Delivery of 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
the
equipment
Construction 1080 1100 1180 1300 1480 1600 1780 1900
works
Total 1580 1600 1680 1800 1980 2100 2280 2400
Life time of “Rubbish Chute” 50 years
46. Garbage Vehicles
The transport of vehicles is one of the
main problems with the garbage crisis
in Naples.
It is mandatory for the garbage to be
collected more frequently.
Garbage collected more often
Public areas will be cleaner
More job opportunities
The prices are different depending on
the size of the vehicle.
From 20,000 – 70,000 euros
47. Recycling
Estimated total amount of garbage in Naples is ± 1400
tons
Kind of material Price € per ton With every ton of paper we
recycle
Paper 28 We save 17 Large Trees
7,000 Gallons of Water
Plastic 272 380 Gallons of Oil
4,100 KW of Electricity or
Enough Energy To Heat or
Glass 14
Air-condition An Average
Home for 6 Months
Mixed 183-229(206) Elimination of 69 Pounds of
Air Pollution
48. Recycling
Paper 1400/3=466 Recycling one aluminum
466* 28=13048 € can saves enough energy
to run a TV for three
hours.
Plastic 1400/3=466 Recycling one pound of
466* 272=126752 € steel saves enough
energy to power a 60 Watt
Glass 1400/3=466 bulb for 1 day.
466* 14=6524 € In the United States,
recycling of steel saves
Total 13048+126752+6524= enough energy to heat
and light 18,000 homes in
146324 €
one year.
49. “Dust Bot”
DustBot
The Dust Bot is
very efficient as
it is portable
and can change
its location.
The cost of a
fully functioning
Dust Bot Is
€14,000
50. “Green Dot”
The Green Dot has no fixed fee but to be
recognized by the official Green Dot
Organization the company must pay a
license fee of around € 800-1000
A law should be passed that all
major industries in Naples should
abide by the green dot program
51. “EcoPark”
The EcoPark project in England, built for new recycling and organic treatment
facilities to help deliver 50 per cent recycling and mechanical biological
treatment plants to treat waste which cannot be recycled.
Total Cost:
52. “InSinkerator”
Insinkerator used to dispose
of organic waste and saves up
50% of household waste also
reduces the risk of having
rodents.
Average price:
€ 110 - 400 depending on
company provider and quality
of product.
53. “WASTE-to-ENERGY”
WtE plants act in the same
way as incinerators but
instead have the advantage
of creating electrical energy
and fuel products.
The average cost of WtE cost
in Europe is about
€120,000,00 and an average
of €1,000,000 for
maintenance per year
54. Landfills
Landfills
Year 1993 1996 1997 1998- 2005
€/ton MSW 20,00 211,23 184,38 191,09
Even though landfills are the Costs in Euro per Ton to access landfill
worst solutions for disposing of
garbage it is also the most ideal,
quickest and cheapest way for
disposal of garbage.
As you can see in the table
above the cost of disposing of
garbage in landfills in northern
europe. You can also see that it
increases with time.
55. “Plasma Arc Waste Disposal” (PAWD)
The cost of using plasma arc
waste disposal has decreased
from €40 per ton to ZERO as a
result of creation of
ecological by-products. Using
incinerations costs about
€100 per ton.
“PAWD” produces ethanol and
Syngas which can be sold for
profit
Ethanol => €1.60 / gallon
Syngas => €5.00 per million BTU
56. “BioDrying”
Estimated
price for a
30,000
ton/per
year
BioDrying
Plant
57. “Waste Gasification”
Average estimated cost of a waste gasification plant according to
one that has been built and 2 under construction in the USA is
about €120-160 million
The process of
disposing of
garbage costs
€60 per ton
58. Pyrolysis
The cost of one of the
pyrolysis plant in
China costs
37000000¥ which
equates to
€4,000,000.
In the USA it cost
$11.33 million (€8
million) and annual
operating and
maintenance costs of
about $1.94 million,
59. Tunnel Composting
Tunnel composting cost an estimated TOTAL
capital of €20,000,000
Including land, infrastructure and utility
building. It can compost up to 60,000 tons
per year with about 220 tons per day.
60. “Mechanical Biological Treatment” (MBT)
The highly efficient
“MBT” plant that
exists in the UK
costs about £41.5
million pounds.
€47.33 million
