3. Bloom’s Thinking Levels
Ask students to demonstrate:
Knowledge - recall information in original form
Comprehension - show understanding
Application - use learning in a new situation
Analysis - show s/he can see relationships
Synthesis - combine and integrate parts of
prior knowledge into a product, plan, or
proposal that is new
Evaluation - assess and criticize on basis of
standards and criteria
1956
7. • Level 3:
Strategic
Thinking
• Level 4:
Extended
Thinking
• Level 2:
Skill
Concept
• Level 1:
Recall Memorize
Identify Report
Define Draw Use
Name Match
Measure List
Label Illustrate
What Where
When Why
Recognize
Repeat Recite
InferCategorize
Collect Display
Graph Classical
Separate Cause
& Effect
Estimate
Compare
Summarize
Revise Assess
Construct
Investigate
Develop Logical
Argument
Hypothesize
Explain Critique
Cite Evidence
Design Connect
Synthesize Apply
Concepts
Critique
Analyze
Create
Prove
8. DOK Level 1: Common Core State
Standards (CCSS)
Recall and
Reproduction: Level 1
DOK 1 requires recall of
information, such as a
fact, definition, or term,
or performance of a
simple process or
procedure.
Memorize
Identify Report
Define Draw
Use Name
Match Measure
List Label Illustrate
What Where When Why
Recognize
Repeat
9. DOK Level 2: Common Core State
Standards (CCSS)
Skills and Concepts: Level 2
DOK 2 includes the
engagement of some mental
processing beyond recalling
or reproducing a response.
Items require students to
make some decisions as to
how to approach the question
or problem.
Infer
Relate
Categorize
Collect Show
Display Graph Classify
Separate Cause /Effect
Estimate Distinguish
Compare Summarize
10. DOK Level 3: CCSS
Strategic Thinking: Level 3
DOK 3 requires deep
understanding as exhibited
through planning, using
evidence, and more
demanding cognitive
reasoning.
The cognitive demands at
Level 3 are complex and
abstract.
Revise Assess
Investigate
Develop Logical
Argument
Hypothesize
Explain Critique
Cite Evidence
Draw Conclusions
Formulate
Construct
11. DOK Level 4: CCSS
Extended Thinking: Level 4
DOK 4 requires high cognitive
demand and is very complex.
Students are expected to make
connections – relate ideas
within the content or among
content areas – and have to
select or devise one approach
among many alternatives on
how to solve the problem.
Design
Connect
Synthesize
Apply Concepts
Critique
Analyze
Create
Prove
12. Framing Essential Questions
Essential Questions at the top of Bloom’s
Taxonomy
Create - innovate
Evaluate – make a thoughtful choice
between options, with the choice based on
a clearly stated criteria
Synthesize – invent a new or different
version
Analyze – develop a thorough and
complex understanding through skillful
questioning.
13. Essential Questions: EQs
Spark our curiosity and sense of wonder
Desire to understand
Something that matters to us
Answers to EQs can NOT be found
Students must construct own answers
Make their own meaning from information they
have gathered
Create insight
14. Essential Questions
Answering such questions may
take a lifetime!
Answers may only be tentative
Information gathering may take
place outside of formal learning
environments
Engage students in real life applied
problem solving
EQs lend themselves to
multidisciplinary investigations.
15. Ideal Essential Questions
Framed by students themselves
Best to start with subsidiary
questions that might help support
the main question
Formulate categories of related
questions
“What else do we need to know?
State suppositions
Hypothesizing and Predicting
Thought process helps provide a basis
for construction of meaning.
16. Understanding by Design
What are the big ideas?
Core concepts
Focusing themes
On-going debates/issues
Insightful perspectives
Illuminating
paradox/problem
Organizing theory
Overarching principle
Underlying assumption
What’s the evidence?
How do we get there?
Represent a big idea having
enduring value beyond the
classroom
Reside at the heart of
the discipline (involve
“doing” the subject)
Uncover abstract
misunderstood
ideas
Engaging
Students
Enduring
Understanding
17. Understanding by Design
Desired Results:What will
the student learn?
Acceptable Evidence: How
will you design an
assessment that accurately
determines if the student
learned what he/she was
supposed to learn?
Lesson Planning: How do you
design a lesson that results in
student learning?
Identify
desired
results
Determine
acceptable
evidence
Plan learning
experiences and
instruction
18. Understanding by Design
Will this lesson lead to enduring understanding?
Worth being familiar
with
Important to know
and do
Enduring
Understanding
19. Understanding by Design
Performance tasks
and projects
Open-ended
Complex
Authentic
Summative Culminating
Activity
Project
Product or Publication
Performance or
Presentation
Exhibition
Performance tasks and projects need
assessments that are more authentic than
traditional quizzes and tests.