The document provides an overview of several sections in a chapter about Ancient Greece. It summarizes the key points about the early Greeks, the development of Sparta and Athens as city-states, and Persia's attacks on Greece. It describes the geography of Greece, the rise and fall of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, the influence of tyrants and the establishment of democracy in Athens. It also outlines the expansion of the Persian Empire and the Greek victories over Persia at Marathon, Thermopylae and Salamis that prevented their conquest.

2. Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Early Greeks Section 2 Sparta and Athens Section 3 Persia Attacks the Greeks Section 4 The Age of Pericles Reading Review Chapter Assessment The Ancient Greeks Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

4. The Ancient Greeks

6. Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section describes the impact of geography on ancient Greece and the rise of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. The Early Greeks

13. The Early Greeks How might a peninsula be affected by its surrounding water? Land might be limited, the climate might be positively or adversely affected, and occupations of the people might be ocean-related, such as sailing and fishing.

16. How do historians know the Minoans were a wealthy people? Artifacts at the palace of Knossos included items only wealthy people would have, such as bathrooms. The Early Greeks

20. What was one positive result of the Dark Age? Greeks left the mainland and settled in other countries. This helped spread Greek culture. The Early Greeks

22. What invention allowed merchants to trade for money? The Greeks began minting coins, which allowed merchants to trade for money. The Early Greeks

26. How does the Greek definition of a citizen compare to the modern idea of who is a United States citizen? Ancient Greeks decided that only free, native-born, land-owning men could be citizens. In modern United States, men and women, native-born and naturalized people can be citizens, whether they own property or not. The Early Greeks

27. What made the Minoans wealthy? trading pottery and stone vases The Early Greeks

28. City-states were tiny independent countries, while cities are part of a country. How was a Greek city-state different from a city? The Early Greeks

29. Summarize What changes occurred in Greece during the Dark Age? Trade slowed, poverty took hold, people stopped farming, people stopped teaching writing and craftwork, and many Greeks moved elsewhere. The Early Greeks

30. Citizenship Skills Name three rights granted to Greek citizens that American citizens have today. Answers include voting, holding office, owning property, defending themselves in court. The Early Greeks

31. Link to Economics Why did the use of money help trade to grow? Money is small and easier to trade than bartered goods. The Early Greeks

32. Discuss the following statement: “ The geography of Greece influenced where people settled and what they did.” The Early Greeks

34. Sparta and Athens Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section traces the development of Greek governments and compares the systems adopted by Sparta and Athens.

42. How are tyrants today different from those in ancient Greece? Today the word tyrant means a harsh, oppressive ruler. Today’s tyrants are not concerned with the common good of their country’s people. Sparta and Athens

46. What was one disadvantage of the Spartans’ focus on the military? They did not learn as much about science or practice as much trade as Greeks in Athens. Sparta and Athens

50. Why did the people of Athens remain unhappy after Solon’s reforms? Solon refused to give away land of the wealthy nobles, so the farmers remained unhappy. Sparta and Athens

51. Who were the helots? The helots were captive workers in Sparta. Sparta and Athens

52. Most Greeks longed for rule by law with all citizens participating in government. Why did tyrants fall out of favor with the Greeks? Sparta and Athens

53. Evaluate Why did Athenians choose officials by lottery? Would there be drawbacks to this method? Explain. They thought elections might favor the rich. Possible answer : The most qualified people might not be picked. Sparta and Athens

54. Explain How did Greek nobles gain power? They seized power from kings during the Dark Age. Sparta and Athens

55. Analyze Why was Solon popular among some Athenian farmers and unpopular among others? He canceled farmers’ debts and freed those who had become enslaved, but he refused to give away wealthy nobles’ land. Sparta and Athens

56. Civics Link How did Athenian democracy keep one person from gaining too much power? A large council chosen by lottery kept power distributed among the people. Sparta and Athens

57. Descriptive Writing Imagine that you are a 28-year-old man living in Sparta in 700 B.C. Write a letter to your 6-year-old nephew telling him what to expect when he leaves home on his next birthday. Your letter should discuss early military training and the importance of serving Sparta. Sparta and Athens

58. How would a citizen of Sparta complete this sentence: “ I’m proud of my city-state because _______.” Sparta and Athens

60. Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section traces the rise of the Persian Empire and how the Greeks prevented the Persians from conquering them. Persia Attacks the Greeks

68. How did Cyrus’s compassion for his people help the Persian Empire grow? People are more likely to follow rulers who care about them. People often attempt to overthrow cruel or unfair rulers. Persia Attacks the Greeks

75. Persia Attacks the Greeks How did modern marathon races get their name? Legend tells that the Athenians sent a messenger to Athens after their victory at the Battle of Marathon. The messenger ran nearly 25 miles to Athens. There he collapsed. His final word was “victory.” Today’s marathons are about 26 miles long.

76. Persia Attacks the Greeks Why was Cyrus considered a fair ruler? He treated new subjects well.

77. Persia Attacks the Greeks The Royal Road was a vast road that connected Persian cities. What was the Royal Road?

78. Persuasive Writing Imagine you are an adviser to Xerxes and are alarmed about his plan for revenge on Greece. Compose a letter to him outlining reasons why he should cancel his invasion of Greece. Answers will vary . Persia Attacks the Greeks

79. Why do historians consider the Greek defeat of the Persians a turning point in history? It led to the rise of Athenian power and to a period of great philosophy. Persia Attacks the Greeks

81. Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section explores how Athens blossomed under Pericles and the reasons Athens and Sparta went to war. The Age of Pericles

89. Why wouldn’t a direct democracy work in the United States? More than 206 million adults would need to meet to cast a vote. This large number of people would make the meetings impossible. The Age of Pericles

91. Daily Life in Athens (cont.) The Age of Pericles (pages 142 – 144)

95. Why were slaves important to Athenians? Slaves provided important labor to merchants and artisans. Without slaves, Athens would not have been able to support its economy. The Age of Pericles

99. What was the effect of the Peloponnesian War on the city-states? Many people died, and others lost jobs. Farmers also had their land destroyed. The Greeks could not reunite again. The Age of Pericles

100. The Age of Pericles What caused the Peloponnesian War? expansion of Athenian power and Spartan jealousy

101. The Age of Pericles Citizens must obey rules, pay taxes, and defend the city. According to Pericles, what duties did Athenian citizens have?

102. Analyze What caused the lack of trust between Sparta and Athens. lack of understanding of their differing societies, and perceived Athenian aggression The Age of Pericles

103. Interpreting Visuals Examine the drawing of the Athenian home on page 142 of your textbook. What does it show about the role of women in Athens? Women performed most domestic chores and did not eat with men. The Age of Pericles

104. Civics Link How did the direct democracy of Athens differ from the democracy we have in the United States? Answers should reflect information from the text. The Age of Pericles

105. Expository Writing Describe the role of the Delian League in the creation of the Athenian empire. Athens gradually took over the Delian League and replaced it with its empire. The Age of Pericles

106. Summarize relations between Sparta and Athens. The Age of Pericles

114. __ 1. In a(n) ___, a few wealthy people hold power. __ 2. The Greek mainland is a(n) ___, a body of land with water on three sides. __ 3. In a(n) ___, people at mass meetings make decisions for the government. Review Vocabulary A. satrap B. agora C. democracy D. direct democracy E. oligarchy F. peninsula F D Define Match the vocabulary word that completes each sentence. E The Ancient Greeks

115. __ 4. A(n) ___, acted as tax collector, judge, chief of police, and army recruiter. __ 5. In a(n) ___, all citizens share in running the government. __ 6. Below the acropolis was an open area called an(n) ___. Review Vocabulary A. satrap B. agora C. democracy D. direct democracy E. oligarchy F. peninsula B Define Match the vocabulary word that completes each sentence. C The Ancient Greeks A

116. Section 1 The Early Greeks How did the geography of Greece influence where people settled and how they made a living? The rocky mountains caused people to settle by the seacoast and become fishers, sailors, and traders. The Ancient Greeks Review Main Ideas

117. How did the Greek colonies help industry to grow? They promoted trade, industry, and specialized goods. The Ancient Greeks Section 1 The Early Greeks Review Main Ideas

118. Section 2 Sparta and Athens Why were tyrants able to seize control from Greek nobles? They had the support of the common people, many of whom were hoplites. The Ancient Greeks Review Main Ideas

119. Describe the differences between Athens and Sparta. Sparta emphasized the military and strict living, while Athens focused on democracy and culture. The Ancient Greeks Section 2 Sparta and Athens Review Main Ideas

120. Section 3 Persia Attacks the Greeks What system did Darius use to unite his large empire under one government? He used divisions called satrapies with rulers responsible to him. The Ancient Greeks Review Main Ideas

121. Why did Sparta and Athens unite during the Persian Wars? They feared Persian conquest of Greece. The Ancient Greeks Section 3 Persia Attacks the Greeks Review Main Ideas

122. Section 4 The Age of Pericles How was democracy expanded during the Age of Pericles? Pericles involved more people in government and paid officeholders so poorer citizens could serve. The Ancient Greeks Review Main Ideas

123. The Ancient Greeks What was the result of the Peloponnesian War? Athens declined. Greece grew weaker, opening it to conquest. Section 4 The Age of Pericles Review Main Ideas

124. Cause and Effect How did the geography of Greece help to encourage trade? The Greek peninsula gave the Greeks easy access to sea routes all over the Mediterranean. The Ancient Greeks

125. Conclude Did the people of ancient Athens have a full democracy? Explain. Yes. All citizens voted and could take part in lawmaking. No. Women, foreigners, and enslaved people were excluded. The Ancient Greeks

126. Explain Do you think people would enjoy more freedom in an oligarchy or a tyranny? Explain. Possible answers : It would depend on the rulers. A tyrant might be fair and well-liked or harsh and disliked. An oligarchy involves more people in government, but rivalries might weaken it. Oligarchs might be more willing to let people suffer. The Ancient Greeks

128. Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Journey Across Time Web site. Click on Chapter 4-Chapter Overviews to preview information about this chapter. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://www.jat.glencoe.com

129. Map s Ancient Greece c. 750 B.C. Greek Colonies and Trade 750 – 550 B.C. Sparta and Athens c. 700 B.C. The Persian Empire 500 B.C. Persian Wars 499 – 479 B.C. The Peloponnesian War 431 – 404 B.C. Charts The Greek Alphabet Comparing Governments Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

134. Click the map to view an interactive version.

135. Click the map to view an interactive version.

138. In early Greece, roads were bumpy dirt trails and of little use to travelers. Because of this, ships became very important. To be near ships, most Greek communities settled within 60 miles of the sea. The Early Greeks

139. Children in ancient Greece played many games we still play today, including backgammon, checkers, hockey, and chess. Sparta and Athens

140. After conquering Babylon in 539 B.C., Cyrus the Great wrote the Charter of Human Rights, which many historians call the first declaration of human rights. Persia Attacks the Greeks

141. Athens is named for its patron goddess, Athena. The Age of Pericles

142. Use What You Know Learn It! Reading Social Studies Unlock meaning by making a connection between what you read and what you already know. Your own experiences can help you understand words or ideas that are unfamiliar. Read the paragraph on the next slide. Make a connection between a Greek agora and a place that is familiar to you.

145. The Ancient Greeks Introduction

146. The Early Greeks

147. Sparta and Athens

148. Persia Attacks the Greeks

149. The Age of Pericles

150. Athenian Soldier’s Oath

151. Herodotus’s History

152. Pericles’ Funeral Oration

153. Focus on Everyday Life In ancient Athens, a woman’s place was in the home. Her two main responsibilities were caring for the household and raising children. The Greek writer Xenophon (ZEH ·nuh·fuhn) recorded a man’s explanation of women’s duties . Women’s Duties

154. Focus on Everyday Life

155. The second floor of each home was the women’s quarters. An Athenian woman lived there with her children. She was expected to keep her children well and happy. She encouraged them to learn sports and play with toys, and taught them how to interact with friends and family members. Although boys left home at age seven to attend school, girls stayed with their mothers, learning how to care for a house and children. Women’s Duties Focus on Everyday Life

156. Connecting to the Past Possible answer : to keep them separate from men 1. Why do you think women and children lived on the second floor of the home? 2. Over what areas of life did an Athenian woman have authority? caring for the household and raising children

157. c.495–429 B.C. Pericles

158. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4–1 Chapter 4

159. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4–2 Chapter 4

160. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4–3 Chapter 4

161. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4–4 Chapter 4

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