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Private Equity
Antoine SAGE, AMP13, Food and Beverage Private Equity (FnB PE)
MAACS course of Pr. Philipp MEYER-DOYLE
Feb. 4th 2015, INSEAD, Fontainebleau
39 y.o., married, 2 boys: Louis & Charles
15 years of Private Equity (PE)
2015: launching FnB PE
Independant European PE focused on Food an Beverage | 150€m
2007: co-founding Cerea Capital
Successfully focused on Food and Beverage in France | 130€m
2001: joined Astorg Partner
Successful generalist PE fund | 185€m to 1000€m
10 years of IT: learning companies from inside
fr.linkedin.com/in/antoinesage/en
Who am I ?
FnB PEFood and Beverage Private Equity
Food and Beverage Europe
FnB Business
Partners
Sustainable in 2015150€m
Involvements
United Nations - Principle for Responsible Investments | Member
MEDEF (employers union) | Supervisory Board for Economy and Finance
AFIC (Private Equity lobby) | Sustainable development Board member
Lectures, coach and Jury at ESSEC Business School, HEC Paris Business
School and MIT entrepreneurship
Education
Executive MBA from ESSEC Business School
Valuation from Stern | New York University
Advanced Management Programme from INSEAD
fr.linkedin.com/in/antoinesage/en
Who am I ?
Private Equity fund
Buyout focus
PE vs Trade
QnA
Private Equity Fund
General
Partners
(GP)
Limited
Partners
(LP)
Fund
fees
Primer
fund parameters
Investment period (years) 5
Fund duration (years) 10
Fund size (in m) 150
Management fees (per year) 2%
Hurdle rate 7%
Carried interest 20%
GP commitment 2.00%
Gross return (x) 2.00
Approach
in m Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10
-Investment (incl GP) 30 30 30 30 30
+Desinvestment 60 60 60 60 60 0
Flow gross 0 -30 -30 -30 -30 30 60 60 60 60 0
Internal Return Rate 6% 14% 19% 19%
Multiple 1.25 1.75 2.25 2.25
-Management fees 0 3 3 3 3 3 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 0
Flow net 0 -33 -33 -33 -33 27 57.6 58.2 58.8 59.4 0
Internal Return Rate 2% 10% 16% 16%
Multiple 1.08 1.53 1.98 1.98
GP Commitment 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0
Carried interest (if hurdle) 0 13.92 11.88 0
GP Flow 0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 0 0 13.92 11.88 0
Internal Return Rate 34% 45% 45%
Multiple 4.64 8.60 8.60
Flow net of fees and carried 0 -33 -33 -33 -33 27 57.6 58.2 44.88 47.52 0
Internal Return Rate 9% 13% 13%
Multiple 1.42 1.78 1.78
In a spreadsheet…
-160
0
160
Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10
Flow Cumulative
J.curve: invest and sale
Investor’s perspective (cumulative)
m
-225
-150
-75
0
75
150
225
300
Years
Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10
Investment Fees Desinvestment Carried Interest
Gross 19% / 2,25x
Post fees 16% / 1,98x
Post carried 13% / 1,78x
net IRR >
hurdle ?
“Skin in the
game”
20% of value
creation
1/2 to 2 years
salary
trigger at
7 to 8%
c. 26m at
2x gross
2x salary (or more) within high entrepreneurial risks
Carried interest
Buyout
x - =EBITDA
EBITDA
multiple
net debt Equity value
Equity value
Turnover Margins
Leadershi
p
Growth
Innovate Risk
Cash
Leverage
Incentives
Governance
CapEx
3-6 years mindset
Acquire
Value creation
@ acquisition
10%
10%
30%
5%
45%
@ exit
15%
17%
13%
5%5%
45%
PE Equity Management Equity
Redeemable debt InFine Debt
Mezzanine Loan Repaid debt
Leverage effect : IRR 5,4% | 1,3x @5y
Leverage
@ post incentive
16%
9%
7%
3%
8%
57%
PE Equity Management Equity Redeemable debt
InFine Debt Mezzanine Loan Incentive
@ exit
9%
7%
3%
8%
73%
Management Incentive
if PE performance >3x then Management 9x
Deal flow
Initial
appetite
Agreement
on terms
Sale and
Purchase
Agreement
Comitee
stage 1
Comitee
stage 2
Due
diligences
stage 1
Due
diligences
stage 2
Transaction
completion
Comitee
stage 2
3 to 6 weeks
3-5 people within same office
with full mandate
3 months or more (6 months)
Company
Negotiation
PE Fund
Direct or
MnA
• Proprietary
• MnA
• Listed
Acquisition process
PE vs Trade
PE Trade
Goals
cash & value creation limited
term
multiple agendas
Value intrinsic value
accounting based including short
term (EPS, …)
Financials focus EBITDA and cash
GAAP: EPS, PER, … trade offs
possible
Risk
aggressive risk taking with assets
protection
muted
Leverage high limited
Pace
quick to decide, evaluate and
reconsider
prove first, act later
hard to reorganise
Incentives strong value oriented
erratic accounting or stock
related
Acquire/divest value oriented decision bias: divesture = failure
inspired by The Private Equity Edge Pt 2 Ch.10 fig. 10.1
Further readings
QnA
fr.linkedin.com/in/antoinesage/en
@Antoine_SAGE
antoine.sage@insead.edu

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Private Equity at INSEAD - practitioner lecture by Antoine SAGE

  • 1. Private Equity Antoine SAGE, AMP13, Food and Beverage Private Equity (FnB PE) MAACS course of Pr. Philipp MEYER-DOYLE Feb. 4th 2015, INSEAD, Fontainebleau
  • 2. 39 y.o., married, 2 boys: Louis & Charles 15 years of Private Equity (PE) 2015: launching FnB PE Independant European PE focused on Food an Beverage | 150€m 2007: co-founding Cerea Capital Successfully focused on Food and Beverage in France | 130€m 2001: joined Astorg Partner Successful generalist PE fund | 185€m to 1000€m 10 years of IT: learning companies from inside fr.linkedin.com/in/antoinesage/en Who am I ?
  • 3. FnB PEFood and Beverage Private Equity Food and Beverage Europe FnB Business Partners Sustainable in 2015150€m
  • 4. Involvements United Nations - Principle for Responsible Investments | Member MEDEF (employers union) | Supervisory Board for Economy and Finance AFIC (Private Equity lobby) | Sustainable development Board member Lectures, coach and Jury at ESSEC Business School, HEC Paris Business School and MIT entrepreneurship Education Executive MBA from ESSEC Business School Valuation from Stern | New York University Advanced Management Programme from INSEAD fr.linkedin.com/in/antoinesage/en Who am I ?
  • 5. Private Equity fund Buyout focus PE vs Trade QnA
  • 8. fund parameters Investment period (years) 5 Fund duration (years) 10 Fund size (in m) 150 Management fees (per year) 2% Hurdle rate 7% Carried interest 20% GP commitment 2.00% Gross return (x) 2.00 Approach
  • 9. in m Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 -Investment (incl GP) 30 30 30 30 30 +Desinvestment 60 60 60 60 60 0 Flow gross 0 -30 -30 -30 -30 30 60 60 60 60 0 Internal Return Rate 6% 14% 19% 19% Multiple 1.25 1.75 2.25 2.25 -Management fees 0 3 3 3 3 3 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 0 Flow net 0 -33 -33 -33 -33 27 57.6 58.2 58.8 59.4 0 Internal Return Rate 2% 10% 16% 16% Multiple 1.08 1.53 1.98 1.98 GP Commitment 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 Carried interest (if hurdle) 0 13.92 11.88 0 GP Flow 0 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 0 0 13.92 11.88 0 Internal Return Rate 34% 45% 45% Multiple 4.64 8.60 8.60 Flow net of fees and carried 0 -33 -33 -33 -33 27 57.6 58.2 44.88 47.52 0 Internal Return Rate 9% 13% 13% Multiple 1.42 1.78 1.78 In a spreadsheet…
  • 10. -160 0 160 Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Flow Cumulative J.curve: invest and sale
  • 11. Investor’s perspective (cumulative) m -225 -150 -75 0 75 150 225 300 Years Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 Investment Fees Desinvestment Carried Interest Gross 19% / 2,25x Post fees 16% / 1,98x Post carried 13% / 1,78x
  • 12. net IRR > hurdle ? “Skin in the game” 20% of value creation 1/2 to 2 years salary trigger at 7 to 8% c. 26m at 2x gross 2x salary (or more) within high entrepreneurial risks Carried interest
  • 14. x - =EBITDA EBITDA multiple net debt Equity value Equity value Turnover Margins Leadershi p Growth Innovate Risk Cash Leverage Incentives Governance CapEx 3-6 years mindset Acquire Value creation
  • 15. @ acquisition 10% 10% 30% 5% 45% @ exit 15% 17% 13% 5%5% 45% PE Equity Management Equity Redeemable debt InFine Debt Mezzanine Loan Repaid debt Leverage effect : IRR 5,4% | 1,3x @5y Leverage
  • 16. @ post incentive 16% 9% 7% 3% 8% 57% PE Equity Management Equity Redeemable debt InFine Debt Mezzanine Loan Incentive @ exit 9% 7% 3% 8% 73% Management Incentive if PE performance >3x then Management 9x
  • 17. Deal flow Initial appetite Agreement on terms Sale and Purchase Agreement Comitee stage 1 Comitee stage 2 Due diligences stage 1 Due diligences stage 2 Transaction completion Comitee stage 2 3 to 6 weeks 3-5 people within same office with full mandate 3 months or more (6 months) Company Negotiation PE Fund Direct or MnA • Proprietary • MnA • Listed Acquisition process
  • 19. PE Trade Goals cash & value creation limited term multiple agendas Value intrinsic value accounting based including short term (EPS, …) Financials focus EBITDA and cash GAAP: EPS, PER, … trade offs possible Risk aggressive risk taking with assets protection muted Leverage high limited Pace quick to decide, evaluate and reconsider prove first, act later hard to reorganise Incentives strong value oriented erratic accounting or stock related Acquire/divest value oriented decision bias: divesture = failure inspired by The Private Equity Edge Pt 2 Ch.10 fig. 10.1