A Country Report for the Rice Production Technology for ASEAN Countries, International Technical Cooperation Center, Rural Development Administration, Suwon City, South Korea, 29 July 2003. This presentation highlighted my previous works while still teaching at a state university, and featured an award-winning research on the use of hybrid rice in the mountains.

2. A Country Report for the
Rice Production Technology for ASEAN Countries
International Technical Cooperation Center
Rural Development Administration
Suwon City, South Korea
29 July 2003

3. a. Self-Introduction
1. Brief introduction of the organization
2. Position and duties in the
organization
3. Expected outcomes for this training
course
b. Information regarding the project that you
take part
1. Introduction of the project
2. Target of the development
3. Major feature/achievement
4. Urgent problems that need to be
solved in the country
Caezar Angelito E. Arceo
Faculty Researcher
Pangasinan State University
PHILIPPINES

4. Caezar Angelito E. Arceo
Faculty Researcher
Pangasinan State University
PHILIPPINES

5. SOME CURRENT PHILIPPINE RICE PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRAINTS
Opportunities for Academe-based
Filipino-Korean research and
development initiatives
Caezar Angelito E. Arceo
Faculty Researcher
Pangasinan State University
PHILIPPINES

6. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
It’s a tiny world…
Where we are…

7. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
The geography
 Lies in the heart of
Southeast Asia
 With 7,107 islands
 Terrain mostly
mountainous
The Philippine setting

8. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
The geography
“It’s unique location made it
the commercial, cultural,
and intellectual hub of Asia
from the dawn of history.”
www.gov.ph/aboutphil/default.asp
The Philippine setting

9. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
People and the society
 Population was 76,504,077 (May 2000 figure).
 Population increase is 2.36%, or three persons
per minute.
 Projected population is 113 million in year
2020.
 Distribution is uneven, with some 500 people
per square mile on the average.
The Philippine setting

10. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
People and the society
 Central development issue is poverty.
 One of the most highly educated in the
developing world.
 Philippines among the top immigrants to the
United States.
The Philippine setting

11. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
People and the society
 The largest province is Pangasinan.
Annual growth rate
of 2.40%.
Average household
size of 5.09.
The Philippine setting

12. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
Latest Preceding Year to Same Quarter
I. REAL SECTOR (% growth)
Quarter Quarter Date Year Ago
A. National Income (% g.r.) (NSCB)
GNP 5.6 (Q1 '03) 7.8 (Q4 '02) 5.6 (Q1 '03) 4.3 (Q1 '02)
GDP 4.5 5.8 4.5 3.8
Agriculture 2.9 6.0 2.9 4.8
Industry 4.0 4.8 4.0 2.1
Services 5.6 6.4 5.6 4.8
As of 16 July 2003
The Philippine setting

13. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
IV. PRICES (% ) Latest Preceding Year to Same Month
Month Month Date Year Ago
A. Inflation Rate (%) (NSO) 3.4 (Jun '03) 2.7 (May '03) 2.9 3.0 (Jun '02)
Food 2.9 1.8 2.0 1.6
Non-Food 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.1
Metro Manila 4.5 2.5 3.3 3.7
AOMM 3.0 2.9 2.8 1.9
B. Lending Rate (Low, %) 8.3 (May '03) 10.0 (Apr '03) 8.3 8.2 (May '02)
C. BSP Overnight Borrowing Rates 6.75 (Jul '03) 7.0 (Jun '03) 6.75 7.0 (Jul '02)
D. BSP Overnight Lending Rates 9.00 (Jul '03) 9.25 (Jun '03) 9.00 9.0 (Jul '02)
Latest Preceding Year to Same Week
Week Week Date Month Ago
E. 91-Day T-Bill Rate (%) 5.33 (7 Jul '03) 5.498 (23 Jun '03) 6.196 5.666 (9 Jun '03)
F. Forex (Average, P:$1) 53.479 (16 July '03) 53.391 (9 Jul '03) 53.477 53.504 (20 Jun '03)
G. Phisix 1,270.9 (16 July '03) 1,283.4 (9 Jul '03) 1,100.9 1,243.1 (20 Jun '03)
As of 16 July 2003
The Philippine setting

14. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
As of 16 July 2003
The Philippine setting

15. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
V. EXTERNAL ACCOUNTS (BSP) Latest Preceding Year to Same Month
Month Month Date Year Ago
A. Exports (% g.r.) -4.0 (May '03) -1.9 (Apr '03) 1.7 -0.7 (May '02)
/a
- Electronics & Components /
/b
Electronic Products (% g.r.) -12.9 (May '03) -2.2 (Apr '03) -3.5 19.8 (May '02)
B. Imports (% g.r.) 12.2 (May '03) -7.6 (Apr '03) 13.4 9.9 (May '02)
- Raw materials & intermediate goods (% g. r.) -4.1 -12.6 4.2 -1.8
- Capital goods (% g. r.) 22.0 -5.3 16.6 29.1
C. Current Account ($ M) -117 (Mar '03) 232 (Feb '03) 338 130 (Mar '02)
D. Capital & Financial Accounts ($ M) 4 (Mar '03) -256 (Feb '03) -312 2,603 (Mar '02)
- Direct Investments ($ M), net -38 -23 -51 600
E. Balance of Payments ($ M) -163 (Jun '03) -15 (May '03) -697 -160 (Jun '02)
F. Gross International Reserves ($ M) 15,867 (Jun '03) 16,073 (May '03) 15,867 16,909 (Jun '02)
- Months' worth of imports 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.2
G. Total External Debt ($ M) 55,806 (Q1 '03) 53,874 (Q4 '02) 55,806 53,459 (Q1 '02)
- of which: Total Short Term 49,383 5,558 49,383 5,585
Total Private Sector 14,977 14,977 14,977 15,644
As of 16 July 2003
The Philippine setting

16. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
VI. NG CASH OPERATIONS (BTr) Latest Preceding Year to Same Month
(P billion) * Month Month Date Year Ago
A. Revenues (PB) 49.0 (Jun '03) 54.9 (May '03) 306.3 42.7 (Jun '02)
Tax 41.9 45.6 265.2 36.8
Non-tax 7.1 9.3 41.1 5.9
B. Expenditures (PB) 53.2 64.8 385.9 54.9
C. Surplus(+) / Deficit(-) ( PB) -4.2 -9.9 -79.6 -12.2
D. Net Foreign Financing(PB) -5.0 -3.9 45.9 -4.7
/c
E. Net Domestic Financing(PB) 10.7 0.8 27.3 45.1
F. Cash Build-up(-)/ Withdrawal (+)(PB) -1.5 13.1 6.4 -28.3
As of 16 July 2003
The Philippine setting

17. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
 Inflation rate slows down to 2.7%
(May 2003).
 GNP growth is 7.2%.
The Philippine setting

18. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
600000 Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
500000
China
Hongkong
Indonesia
400000
Japan
Laos
300000 Malaysia
Myanmar
North Korea
200000 Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
100000
South Korea
Thailand
0 United States
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Vietnam
Agricultural land use of selected countries
The Philippine setting

19. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
50000000 Australia
Bangladesh
45000000
Brunei
40000000 China
Hongkong
35000000 India
Indonesia
30000000
Japan
25000000 Laos
Malaysia
20000000
Myanmar
15000000 North Korea
Pakistan
10000000 Philippines
South Korea
5000000
Thailand
0 United States
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Vietnam
Area harvested for rice in selected countries
The Philippine setting

20. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
250000000
Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
200000000 China
Hongkong
India
Indonesia
150000000
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
100000000 Myanmar
North Korea
Philippines
50000000 Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
United States
0
Vietnam
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Rice production (metric ton) of selected countries
The Philippine setting

21. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
300000 Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
250000
China
India
200000 Indonesia
Japan
Laos
150000
Malaysia
Myanmar
100000 North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
50000
South Korea
Thailand
0 United States
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Vietnam
Rice yield (kg/ha) of selected countries
The Philippine setting

22. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
>> Principal farm products
 rice (Oryza sativa)
 maize (Zea mays)
 coconut (Cocos nucifera)
 sugar (Saccharum officinarum)
 abaca or Manila hemp (Musa textilis)
 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
 maguey (Agave sisalina)
 pineapple (Ananas comosus)
The Philippine setting

23. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
>> Tropical fruits
 banana (Musa spp.)
 mango (Mangifera indica)
 lanzones (Lansium domesticum)
 citrus (Citrus spp.)
 papaya (Carica papaya)
 avocado (Persea americana)
The Philippine setting

24. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
>> Tropical fruits
 starapple (Chrysophyllum cainito)
 atis (Annona squamosa)
 jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
 guava (Psidium guajava)
 santol (Sandoricum koetjape)
 durian (Durio zibethinus).
The Philippine setting

25. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
>> Vegetables and root crops
 mungbean (Vigna radiata)
 yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp.
sesquipedalis)
 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata)
 tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum)
 eggplant (Solanum melongena)
 Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis)
 cabbage (Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata)
The Philippine setting

26. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Economy and agriculture
>> Vegetables and root crops
 mustard (Brassica juncea)
 lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
 sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum)
 pea (Pisum sativum)
 sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas)
 sugar beets (Beta vulgaris)
 cassava (Manihot esculenta)
 squash (Cucurbita moschata)
The Philippine setting

27. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Main cropping constraints
 Typhoons
 Problem soils
 Pests and diseases
 Degradation of irrigation
infrastructures
 Unfavorable pricing policy
 Devolution of extension services
 Lack of clear rice development policy
Current production status

28. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Varietal use and development
 Rice varieties developed by
the IRRI, PhilRice, and UP-
Los Baños.
 Some varieties also
developed by private sector.
 Varieties approved for
release by the National Seed
Industry Council.
Current production status

29. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Varietal use and development
Top ten provinces in
total rice production
Current production status

30. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Varietal use and development
Top ten provinces in
total area harvested
for rice
Current production status

31. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Varietal use and development
Top ten provinces in
average rice yield
Current production status

32. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Hybrid rice commercialization
 Hybrid rice offers 15-20% yield
advantage over the best inbred variety.
 Use of the variety is limited to the F1
to realize “hybrid vigor” (heterosis).
Current production status

33. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Hybrid rice commercialization
 Three hybrid rice varieties were
initially released: PSB Rc26H
(Magat), PSB Rc72H (Mestizo), and
PSB Rc76H (Panay).
 Recent releases: NSIC Rc114H
(locally named Mestizo 2) andNSIC
Rc116H (Mestizo 3)
 Mestizo most popular hybrid rice
variety.
Current production status

34. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Hybrid rice commercialization
 Seed production and F1 cultivation
refined and presently disseminated.
 Method recommended by Virmani
used as basis for hybrid rice
technologies.
Current production status

35. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Hybrid rice commercialization
 Traditional variety earnings =
US$190.48 ~ US$285.71 per season
 Hybrid rice earnings =
US$666.67 ~ US$809.05 per season
Current production status

36. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Policy imperatives and trends
 11 provinces as pilot hybrid rice
cultivation areas in 1998.
 In 2002, PhilRice was tasked to lead
the hybrid rice commercialization
program (HRCP) in the country
(Executive Order No. 76).
 Became the flagship program of
Unlad-Ani under the Office of the
Million Jobs.
Current production status

37. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Policy imperatives and trends
 Initially, HRCP will cover 45,000
hectares in 56 provinces
 300,000 hectares are expected to be
planted with hybrid rice by 2004 dry
season.
Current production status

38. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Farmers’ cognitive blocks
 Lack of proper knowledge of the
farmers in basic theories and concepts
in rice production.
 Such as inability to distinguish insects
and arachnids.
 Less application of the Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) concepts.
 Others.
Socio-cultural prisms

39. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Race against GMOs
 Majority of the Filipinos hate GMOs.
Socio-cultural prisms

40. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
The SUCs
All state universities
and colleges are under
the Commission on
Higher Education
(R.A. 7722).
Outlooks for collaborations

41. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
The SUCs
 Total faculty for AY
2000-01 is 93,884.
 7,777 or 8.25% have doctorate degrees.
 24,538 or 26.14% have master’s degrees.
54,863 or 58.44 percent have baccalaureate
degrees.
 6,706 or 7.14% belong to other levels.
Outlooks for collaborations

42. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Thrusts
 CHED Memorandum Order No. 25
series of 1998.
 CHED Memorandum Order No. 8
series of 2000.
 Section 69 of the Republic Act 8435,
otherwise known as the Agriculture
and Fisheries Modernization Act.
Outlooks for collaborations

43. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Mandates for int’l linkages
 CHED Memorandum Order No. 01
series of 2000.
 CHED Memorandum Order No. 14
series of 2002.
 Section 77 of the Republic Act 8435,
otherwise known as the Agriculture
and Fisheries Modernization Act.
Outlooks for collaborations

44. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
About the PSU
 Pangasinan State University: A
government university.
 Chartered through the issuance of
Presidential Decree No. 1479.
 Became operational on 01 July 1979.
 Currently has eight (8) campuses.
Outlooks for collaborations

45. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Lessons to be learned
 Korea’s strong economic policy and
performance.
 Strong emphasis to agricultural
development.
 Saemaul Undong story.
 Korea National Agricultural College.
Opportunities at hand

46. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Some ambitious pursuits
 Academe-based bilateral
collaborations with South Korean
research and academic institutions.
 KNAC and the Filipino SUCs.
 Research prospects of the presentor.
Opportunities at hand

47. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Some ambitious pursuits
Adaptation of Korean varieties in the Philippines
Korean
Varieties
Opportunities at hand

48. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
Our humble proposals…
 ITCC and RDA postcards.
 Orientation for new trainees
especially on facility use in ITCC and
time schedule on activities.
 Please continue your programs for
developing countries.

49. Caezar AE. Arceo
Pangasinan State University
Philippines
…
Maraming salamat po…

50. A Country Report for the
Rice Production Technology for ASEAN Countries
International Technical Cooperation Center
Rural Development Administration
Suwon City, South Korea
29 July 2003