2. EnergyEnergy
IL RAGGIUNGIMENTO DEGLI OBIETTIVI “20-20-20 ENTRO
IL 2020” : UNA QUESTIONE URGENTE
Ridurre le emissioni
di gas a effetto serra del
Aumentare la
percentuale di energie
rinnovabili del 20% 100%
Ridurre il consumo di
energia del 20%
-9%
Tendenza
attuale
verso il
2020
-20%
20%
Tendenza
attuale
verso il
2020
Tenden
za
attuale
verso il
2020
3. EnergyEnergy
L'OBIETTIVO DELL'UNIONE
EUROPEA SULL'EFFICIENZA
ENERGETICA
* Consumi interni lordi meno gli usi non energetici
1678
Mtoe
obiettivo
-20%
Situazione
2009
1842 MtoeBusiness as
usual 2007
2020
Proiezioni dal 2007
Proiezioni dal 2009
Obiettivo 20% EE
1474 Mtoe
Consumidienergiaprimaria,Mtoe
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
2005 2010 2015
GAP
4. EnergyEnergy
€20 miliardi risparmiati ogni anno fino al
2020
-60
-30
0
30
BillionEuro'08
EED costs
EED avoided
costs
• Aumento dei costi per investimenti in materia di
efficienza energetica - €24 miliardi all'anno
• Riduzione dei costi per investimenti nella
produzione e distribuzione dell'energia: €6 miliardi
all'anno
• Riduzione della spesa per il combustibile: €38
miliardi all'anno
• Aumento del GDP dell'EU di € 34 miliardi nel 2020
+
• Aumento netto dell'occupazione di 400 000 posti
di lavoro nel 2020
I COSTI
DELLA DIRETTIVA
5. DIRETTIVA SULL'EFFICIENZA ENERGETICA
ADOTTATA E IN VIGORE
Direttiva 2012/27/EU
.Pubblicazione nella GU:
14 novembre 2012
.Entrata in vigore:
4 dicembre 2012
.Recepimento:
5 giugno 2014
7. EnergyEnergy
.Obiettivo EU per l'efficienza energetica
chiaramente definito = 1474 Mtoe di energia
primaria nel 2020.
.Obiettivi nazionali indicativi per il 2020 da fissare
da parte degli Stati Membri entro il 30 aprile
2013!
.Strategie a lungo termine per la ristrutturazione
del parco immobiliare da sviluppare entro il 30
aprile 2014.
.Ruolo esemplare degli enti pubblici (3% degli
edifici del governo centrale da ristrutturare
annualmentedal 1 gennaio 2014; efficienza
energetica begli acquisti di beni, servizi, edifici)
FORTE IMPEGNO NAZIONALE - 1
8. EnergyEnergy
. Rapporti annuali entro il 30 aprile di ogni anno (a
partire da quest'anno)
. Progresso verso gli obiettivi nazionali di efficienza
energetica, indicatori energetici, elementi sulle
azioni politiche più rilevanti.
FORTE IMPEGNO NAZIONALE – 2
Pianificazione strategica e monitoraggio dei progressi
Rapporti
annuali
(parte dei
Programmi
Nazionali di
Riforma)
Piani d'azione
nazionali per
l'efficienza
energetica
(NEEAPs)
. Piani di azione necessari entro il 30 aprile 2014 e
ogni tre anni da quella data.
. Descrizione dettagliata dei progressi effettuati verso
gli obiettivi di efficienza energetica, sviluppi nell'uso
dell'energia.
. Rapporto dettagliato sulle politiche nazionali di
efficienza energetica e stima dell'impatto.
9. EnergyEnergy
.Misure per il risparmio annuale di energia
finale del 1.5% nel periodo 2014-2020.
Da raggiungere con regimi
obbligatori di efficienza energetica o
con misure politiche alternative.
.Registro per le ESCOs e i servizi
energetici.
.Analisi ed eliminazione delle barriere per
gli EPC (energy performance contracting).
SVILUPPO DEI MERCATI
10. EnergyEnergy
INFORMARE I CONSUMATORI
.Per tutti i consumatori: misurazioni e fatture più
accurate e frequenti to be ensured by 31
December 2014.
.Per le grandi imprese:
Audit obbligatori dal 5 dicembre 2015 ed
ogni quattro anni dopo.
Incentivi per l'adozione di sistemi di
gestione energetica.
.Per le PMI: incentivi per l'effettuzione di audit
energetici e per l'attuazione dei risultati.
11. EnergyEnergy
TRASFORMAZIONE E DISTRIBUZIONE DI ENERGIA
.Valutazione approfiondita del potenziale per la
cogenerazione e per il teleriscaldamento e il
teleraffreddamento by 31 December 2015
.Requisiti per una maggiore presenza della
cogenerazione.
.Tariffe per incoraggiare l'efficienza energetica.
.Promozione della gestione della domanda.
12. RECEPIMENTO E ATTUAZIONE: LA CHIAVE DEL
SUCCESSO
• Obiettivo nazionale indicativo di efficienza energetica (e
rapporto ogni anno sui progressi/misure)
• Decisione chiave sui regimi obbligatori di efficienza
energetica (o misure politiche alternative)
• Strategie di lungo termine per la ristrutturazione del
parco nazionale degli edifici
30 aprile 2014
5 dicembre
2013
• Valutazione del potenziale per migliorare l'efficienza
energetica nei settori del gas e dell'elettricità
30 giugno
2015
31 dicembre
2015
• Valutazione del potenziale per il teleriscaldamento, il
teleraffreddamento e la cogenerazione
30 aprile 2013
• Piani Nazionali per l'Efficienza Energetica – NEEAPs
(e ogni tre anni dopo)
30 aprile 2014
• Scadenza per il recepimento!!! (per la maggior parte
delle misure)
5 giugno 2014
13. .Recepimento nei tempi stabiliti e attuazione efficace
.Note interpretative sugli articoli-chiave della Direttiva:
» Articolo 5: Ruolo esemplare degli edifici degli enti pubblici
» Articolo 6: Acquisto da parte di enti pubblici
» Articolo 7: Regimi obbligatori di efficienza energetica
» Articolo 8: Audit energetici e sistemi di getione dell'energia
» Articoli 9-11: Misurazione, fatturazione, costi
» Articolo 14:Promozione dell'efficienza per il riscaldamento e il
raffreddamento
» Articolo 15: Trasformazione, trasmissione e distribuzione
dell'energia
.Incontri dei Comitati dal settembre 2012
.Coinvolgimento delle parti interessate
.Termine: giugno 2013
RECEPIMENTO E
ATTUAZIONE
14. .Supporto della Commissione
per il recepimento e
l'attuazione:
» Note di interpretazione, progetto
per il NEEAP;
» Concerted action, studi,
conferenze.
.Il progresso verso l'obiettivo
del 20% verrà valutato a
giugno 2014.
VERSO IL FUTURO
15. Grazie!
Per ulteriori informazioni in materia di
efficienza energetica:
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/
Claudia.Canevari@ec.europa.eu
Hinweis der Redaktion
A reduction of at least 20% in greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2020 – rising to 30% if there is an international agreement committing other developed countries to "comparable emission reductions and economically more advanced developing countries to contributing adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities" • A 20% share of renewable energies in EU energy consumption by 2020. Energy efficiency target – 20% primary energy consumption reduction in 2020 compared to 2007 business-as-usual projections
No matter whether the target is called 'energy efficiency' or 'energy savings' target it in fact means a EU primary consumption level (minus non-energy uses, e.g. for pharmaceuticals, low quality T-shits) of 1474 Mtoe in 2020. The savings required to reach this amount are 368 Mtoe compared to the 2007 PRIMES business-as-usual projections. This is an ambitious amount but is economic potential, i.e. cost-effective possibilities that are not taken by the markets because of a number of market and regulatory failures. Economic growth has been part of the modeling exercise – so the target is not a cap on economic growth. (Note: There have been a lot of discussions on what the EU target is. Now we have this number in a Directive. This is a main achievement and will help the Commission in monitoring the progress towards it and will give us a justification to propose further measures if necessary.) The policies in place by the end of 2009 would deliver a reduction of 9% in 2020. Therefore, there is a 11% gap. The EED aimed together with the Transport White Paper 2050 aimed at closing this gap. (the line of the 2009 projections shows the impact of the crisis – 'dip' in 2009-2012, then recovery in 2013 but energy consumption does not return to original levels as EE policies - Ecodesing, EPBD - kick in.)
This is the cost of no EED (as proposed by the Commission) ! An assessment of the EED impact on energy sector using the PRIMES model estimates that the Directive will have the following cost impacts over the 2011-2020 period: · increased costs for investment in energy efficiency (house insulation, energy management, control systems, etc.) of an average of €24 billion annually; · reduced costs for investment in energy generation and distribution of an average of €6 billion annually; · reduced fuel expenditure of an average of about €38 billion annually as a result of a lower need for energy. A macroeconomic assessment of the proposal, using the Energy–Environment–Economy Model for Europe (E3ME), estimated that the Directive will lead in 2020 to: · increased EU GDP of € 34 billion; · increased net employment of 400 000. However the E3ME employment results show only the net employment impact in 2020 and not what happens in the individual sectors. Commission estimates that about 2 million jobs are to be created or retained until 2020 because of EE in general (these include reorientation of, for example, construction sector towards more sustainable 'green' buildings construction).
After the political agreement before the summer break, the European Parliament (11 September) and the Council (4 October) have voted the EED with each overwhelming majorities (EP: 632 in favour, 19 abstentions, 25 against ; Council: 24 in favour, 2 against [ES, PT], 1 neutral [FI]) The finalised text is signed and countersigned by both parties on 25 October . This allows for publication in the OJ in mid-November . Entry into force will be 20 days after publication. Following the entry into force, Member States have an 18 months transposition period. However, please note that for some provisions the transposition is earlier (Article 7). To facilitate an overview we have provided the CA coordinators with a timeline which they have hung up for you outside. This will be our common working plan for the months to come. It goes without saying that this has consequences on the CA as well: Its scope & contents will be enhanced to match with the new Directive.
However, this flexibility came at a cost. Some of the articles were dramatically watered down – sadly for us consumers this is particularly true for Article 9, 10, 11 on informative billing and metering. Also Articles 5 and 6 on the role of the public sector were with significantly reduced scope (from public buildings that include all administrations and to some extend social housing the scope was limited to central government; the provisions on public procurement were softened dramatically). At the same time most of the articles became rather complicated. On Article 7 a 25% bundle with exemptions was added which reduced the scope. In contrast, in Article 15 a new section on demand response was inserted which increased the ambition, and Articles on information, financing were also included. The figures provides an overview of the impact per Articles (Note the numbers of articles is as the ones during the negotiations and not the renumbered ones after the EP vote) However, the negotiations were a significant success. The measures in the Directive will bring real change and COM will be able to monitor the progress towards the target. Our calculations suggest that the Directive together with the measures listed in the Transport White Paper 2050 will reduce the primary energy use by 17% in 2020 (compared to the 2007 projections). This is not 20% but we are getting closer. With additional enhanced Ecodesign measures we can be close to 18%. However, this all depends on the swift and comprehensive implementation of the Directive in the Member States.
EED will bring further attention and strategic planing towards EE. The public sector should lead by exaple. Indicative targets (Article 3) The EED asks that MS set national energy efficiency targets according to their own circumstances . These targets are those set by the Member States in the context of their National Reform Programmes. These targets need to be based on either primary or final energy consumption, primary or final energy savings, or energy intensity. Building renovation The biggest remaining energy saving potential is with the existing building stock. The EED asks Member States to draw up long term financing plans for the energy-efficient refurbishing of existing buildings until 2050. Public sector to lead by example (Article 6) Public spending accounts for 19% of EU GDP. Publicly owned or occupied buildings represent about 12% by area of the EU building stock. The EED takes into account the importance of the public sector and asks that central governments renovate annually a 3% of the surface area of the buildings above 250 m2 they own and occupy (Article 5). If products, services & buildings are purchased, they should have a high energy efficiency performance. Financing The EED asks Member States to facilitate the establishment of financing facilities or the use of the existing ones.
EED will bring further attention and strategic planing towards EE. The public sector should lead by exaple. Indicative targets (Article 3) The EED asks that MS set national energy efficiency targets according to their own circumstances . These targets are those set by the Member States in the context of their National Reform Programmes. These targets need to be based on either primary or final energy consumption, primary or final energy savings, or energy intensity. Building renovation The biggest remaining energy saving potential is with the existing building stock. The EED asks Member States to draw up long term financing plans for the energy-efficient refurbishing of existing buildings until 2050. Public sector to lead by example (Article 6) Public spending accounts for 19% of EU GDP. Publicly owned or occupied buildings represent about 12% by area of the EU building stock. The EED takes into account the importance of the public sector and asks that central governments renovate annually a 3% of the surface area of the buildings above 250 m2 they own and occupy (Article 5). If products, services & buildings are purchased, they should have a high energy efficiency performance. Financing The EED asks Member States to facilitate the establishment of financing facilities or the use of the existing ones.
EED is all about putting the right measures in place to mobilize savings. As regards end-use it provides significant flexibility to MS on whether to use market based tools that are budget neutral (such as EE obligation schemes), direct national financing and fiscal measures, or regulations and voluntary agreements. However, certain ambitious but possible to reach amount of energy savings are to be reached. Further push for energy services is provided via information requirements and measures to tackle the barriers. Energy efficiency obligation schemes for utilities or suitable alternatives should trigger energy savings with the final consumer (Article 7) Member States will need to achieve average annual energy savings in the amount of 1.5% on energy sales by obliging utilities to implement energy efficiency measures with the final users. However, i n order to allow for sufficient flexibility, Member States have also the possibility to propose alternative energy savings mechanisms that lead to the same results but are not based on an obligation on energy companies. These could, for example, be funding programmes or voluntary agreements.
Consumers are key actor. The lack of knowledge and low awareness of the posibilities has been identified as a main challenge to uptake of EE measures. To this end, a number of provisions are included. Empowering consumers through accurate and frequent individual metering and billing In addition, in order to raise the willingness of consumers to take action to reduce their energy consumption, they would need clear, precise and easily available information on their energy consumption – something that is rarely available today (Articles 9-11). Energy audits (Article 8) To tap the remaining energy saving potential with industry, the EED asks Member States to provide for the availability of high quality audits. For non-SMEs these audits will be mandatory on a regular basis (every 4 years). For SMEs, Member States shall develop programmes to encourage them to undergo energy audits.
Efficient generation of heat and electricity CHP uses 30% less fuel for the same amount of heat & power but level of use in the EU is low. The EED asks Member States to systematically analyse the potential for the use of CHP & district heating . Depending on the outcome of a cost benefit analysis for new and upgraded power plants, the option of turning these plants into high efficiency CHP needs to be taken. Energy efficiency in the grid In the distribution of energy, further energy efficiency improvements can be achieved by taking energy efficiency criteria into account for example when designing network tariffs. Financing The EED asks Member States to facilitate the establishment of financing facilities or the use of the existing ones – I will come back to this point later in my presentation
