1. By Cameron & Isaiah

2.  Cancer is a large group of disorders with different
symptoms
 Almost all cancers have the same cause: cells multiplying
uncontrollably
 The bad genes at the start of the problem may be
inherited, caused by known carcinogens or just by
ageing.
 A cancerous cell divides to form two cells that contain
damaged genetic material . If these are left untreated the
cancerous cell will multiply uncontrollably.
 Once you have cancer in one place it can travel to other
places in your body.

3.  First carcinogens continually bombard cells and many eventually
affect genes on the chromosomes. Often new damage to the
oncogenes is limited and soon repaired.
 Second damage to oncogenes and repair continue, but with time
or higher than normal exposure to carcinogens, some of the
oncogenes suffer permanent harm.
 Eventually a number of oncogenes are permanetly altered. Key
cell functions are irreparably
affected and the cell tips over into cancerous mode.
 Carcinogens -A substance capable of causing cancer in living
tissue
 Oncogenes- A gene that in certain circumstances transforms a
cell into a tumor cell.

4.  Cancer is a growth that damages surrounding tissues
and organs.
 Non cancerous cells divide and replace at a controlled
rate. A cancerous tumor is a mass of abnormal cell that
divide extremely quickly and don’t carry out the
normal functions of their tissue.
 These cells are often irregular in size and shape.
 As these cells divide and multiply a tumor can
gradually enlarge.

5.  It takes just one cell to undergo cancerous changes for
a tumor to form.
 The cell divides into two cells which do the same and
so on. the total number of cancerous cells double every
division.
 After 25-30 divisions there are around a billion cells
which then you can see a tumor forming.

6.  Cancer can be spread by lymph and by blood
 If the tumor is near a lymph vessel then eventually the
cancer cells will go through the vessel and reach the
lymph node. Once it reaches the lymph node it will for
a tumor.
 If a cancer cell gets into the blood the cell will travel all
over to places that are reached by blood vessels. The
cancer cells will slowly go out of the vessels and form a
tumor.

8.  Bone Cancer  Lung Cancer
 Brain Cancer  Cancer in children
 Breast Cancer  Skin Cancer
 Anal Cancer  Testicular Cancer
 Eye Cancer  Bladder Cancer
 Leukemia  Intestinal Cancer

9.  Breast Cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the
cells of the breast.
 The disease usually occurs in women but sometimes it
may occur in men.
 The female breast is made up of lobules, ducts, and
stroma
 Most breast cancer start in the cell that lines the ducts

11.  leukemia starts in the soft part of the bone (the bone
marrow) so it spreads quickly to the blood and once
that happens it can spread to other parts of your body,
such as the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, as well as the
central part of your nervous system, and other organs.
Children and adults can get leukemia witch is a
complex daises with many types and subtypes.
Bone marrow is the soft spongy part of the part of the
bone and all these different blood cells are made in the
marrow

12.  Anal cancer is a rare
disease that attacks the
anus.
 The Anus is the bodies
opening to the lower
intestine.
 The anal and its
surrounding are made up
of several different types of
cells were tumors can
begin to develop.
 Not all anal tumors
develop in to cancer

13.  www.cancer.org
 The Human Body Book
Copyright 2007 Dorling Kindersley Limited

14. End