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Definition und Abgrenzung des voll
beherrschbaren Risikos in der
medizinischen Behandlung in Klinik
und Praxis
Einführung
Der Arzt schuldet dem Patienten die „im
Verkehr erforderliche Sorgfalt“ (§ 276 BGB).
Diese bestimmt sich nach dem anerkannten
und gesicherten medizinischen Standard des
jeweiligen Fachgebietes im Zeitpunkt der
Behandlung (BGH 1983).
Medizinischer Standard
Der einzuhaltende medizinische Standard
wird in der Regel beschrieben durch die
einschlägigen Leitlinien der AWMF.
Die Befolgung einer S1-, S2- oder S3-Leitlinie
indiziert ein pflichtgemäßes Verhalten des
anwendenden Arztes.
Normale Beweislastverteilung
Eine Haftung des Arztes kommt nur in
Betracht, wenn der Patient den Beweis
erbringt, dass der Arzt fehlerhaft gehandelt
hat und hierdurch für den Patienten einen
Schaden verursacht hat.
Abweichende Beweislastverteilung
Nur unter strengen Voraussetzungen bei
bestimmten Fallgruppen, insbesondere
- Bei Vorliegen eines groben Behandlungsfehlers
- Beim sog. Anscheinsbeweis
- Bei voll beherrschbaren Risiken
Bedeutung
CAVE! - Beweislastumkehr
Ausnahme von der normalen Beweislastverteilung:
nicht der Anspruchsteller ist beweispflichtig,
sondern
ausnahmsweise der Anspruchsgegner (sog.
Vermutung mit Entlastungsmöglichkeit)
Entwicklung
Zunächst „Rechtsprechungsrecht“: Über
Jahrzehnte hinweg entwickelt und verfeinert.
Seit dem 26. Februar 2013 durch das
sogenannte „Patientenrechtegesetz“ in das
Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch eingegliedert.
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Definition und abgrenzung des voll