2. WHY CONSERVE WATER?
1. It is a resource that is a benefit to everyone.
2. To save money. Lower consumption means lower
water bills.
3. To keep rates low. Maximizing current water
supplies helps defer the need to develop new,
more expensive sources of water.
4. To prepare for a drought. Many areas of the
country have experienced drought conditions in the
past few years. Water conservation helps prepare
for these worst of times.
5. To comply with regulations. Many states and
local regulators have established efficient water use
regulations.
3. TWO TYPES OF PRACTICES
1. Engineering practices:
practices based on
modifications in plumbing,
fixtures, or water supply
operating procedures.
2. Behavioral practices:
practices based on
changing water use habits.
4. LEAK DETECTION
Repairing leaks saves money on water
bills. The early detection of leaks also
reduces the chances that leaks will cause
major property damage.
A leak detection strategy needs to
employ regular on-site testing methods for
detecting leaks along water distribution
mains, valves, services, and meters.
Leak detection programs are especially
important in facilities that have large, old,
deteriorating systems.
5. WATER AUDITS
Audits of large-volume users. Begin by
identifying the categories of water use for
the large-volume user. These may include
process, sanitary, domestic, heating,
cooling, outdoor, and other water uses.
Second, a water audit should identify areas
in which overall water use efficiency can be
improved through alternative technologies
or practices.
Large-landscape audits.
Effective audit programs can save 10 to
20 percent for both general industrial
water usage and for large landscape water
audits.
6. REDUCING WATER PRESSURE
Pressure-reducing valves.
Can be installed on street
mains, as well as individual
buildings.
Companies might also
insert flow restrictors on
services at the meter.
Seek technical assistance
from your water provider on
pressure-reducing valves.
7. WATER RECYCLING
Water recycling is the reuse of
water for the same application for
which it was originally used.
Factors that should be considered in
a water recycling program include:
- Identification of water reuse
opportunities
- Evaluation of the minimum water
quality needed for a particular use
- Evaluation of water quality
degradation resulting from the use
- Determination of the treatment
steps.
8. WATER REUSE
Water reuse is the use of wastewater or
reclaimed water (sometimes called
“graywater”) from one application for another
application.
Some potential applications include other
industrial uses in cooling water at power
plants and oil refineries or industrial process
water for such facilities as paper mills and
carpet dyers, toilet flushing, dust control,
construction activities, concrete mixing, and
artificial lakes.
Reused water can also be used in landscape
irrigation, agricultural irrigation, aesthetic uses
such as fountains, and fire protection.
9. WATER REUSE
Factors that should be considered in an
industrial water reuse program include:
Identification of water reuse
opportunities
Determination of the minimum water
quality needed for the given use
Identification of wastewater sources
that satisfy the water quality requirements
Determination of how the water can be
transported to the new use
10. THE IMPORTANCE OF A
CLEAN ENVIRONMENT
“I would ask all of us to remember that
protecting our environment is about protecting
where we live and how we live. Let us join
together to protect our health, our economy, and
our communities -- so all of us and our children
and our grandchildren can enjoy a healthy and a
prosperous life.”
Thanks
Hinweis der Redaktion
Why Should We Conserve Water? It is a resource that is a benefit to everyone. To save money. Lower consumption means lower water bills. To keep rates low. Maximizing current water supplies helps defer the need to develop new, more expensive sources of water. To prepare for a drought. Many areas of the country have experienced drought conditions in the past few years. Water conservation helps prepare for these worst of times. To comply with regulations. Many states and local regulators have established efficient water use regulations.
There are two types of practices that need to be addressed to have a successful water conservation program. The first is engineering practices. These include modifications in plumbing, fixtures, or water supply operating procedures. They may also require equipment modification or purchase. The second is behavior practices. Education is required to change the e water use habits of individuals.
Leak Detection An effective way to conserve water is to detect and repair leaks in a facility’s water system. Repairing leaks saves money on water bills. The early detection of leaks also reduces the chances that leaks will cause major property damage. One way to detect leaks is to use listening equipment to survey the distribution system, identify leak sounds, and pinpoint the exact locations of hidden underground leaks. As mentioned earlier, metering can also be used to help detect leaks in a system. A leak detection strategy needs to employ regular on-site testing using computer-assisted leak detection equipment, a sonic leak-detection survey, or another acceptable method for detecting leaks along water distribution mains, valves, services, and meters. Leak detection programs are especially important in facilities that have large, old, deteriorating systems.
Audits of large-volume users. Water audits should begin by identifying the categories of water use for the large-volume user. These may include process, sanitary, domestic, heating, cooling, outdoor, and other water uses. Second, a water audit should identify areas in which overall water use efficiency can be improved through alternative technologies or practices. Large-landscape audits. Water audits can be used for outdoor usage, as well as for indoor processes. Audits of irrigation practices can provide large-volume commercial, industrial, and public users with information about usage and usage-reduction techniques. These audits can be used in conjunction with irrigation submetering and other landscaping efficiency practices. Effective audit programs that employ water saving processes can save 10 to 20 percent of general industrial water usage. The same amount of savings can also be found for large landscape water audits. WAVE (Water Alliances for Voluntary Efficiency) is a non-regulatory water-efficiency partnership created and supported by U.S. EPA. WAVE has produced WAVE-Saver, an interactive, PC-based software tool that can help companies calculate the true incremental cost of water, create budget projections based on historical rate and occupancy patterns and to evaluate hundreds of efficiency options using “intelligent” look-up tables and data bases. Call 1-800-993-WAVE for more information on WAVE-Saver.
Pressure-reducing valves. A more aggressive plan may include the purchase and installation of pressure-reducing valves in street mains, as well as individual buildings. Companies might also insert flow restrictors on services at the meter. Restrictors can be sized to allow for service length, system pressure, and site elevation. Companies should seek technical assistance from their water provider to address their pressure problems and the installation of pressure-reducing valves.
Water recycling is the reuse of water for the same application for which it was originally used . Recycled water might require treatment before it can be used again. Factors that should be considered in a water recycling program include: Identification of water reuse opportunities Evaluation of the minimum water quality needed for a particular use Evaluation of water quality degradation resulting from the use Determination of the treatment steps, if any, that might be required to prepare the water for recycling. If given the choice, water recycling is the best use of wastewater.
Water Reuse Water reuse is the use of wastewater or reclaimed water (sometimes called “graywater”) from one application such as municipal wastewater treatment for another application such as landscape watering. The reused water must be used for a beneficial purpose and in accordance with applicable rules (such as local ordinances governing water reuse). Some potential applications for the reuse of wastewater or reclaimed water include other industrial uses in cooling water at power plants and oil refineries or industrial process water for such facilities as paper mills and carpet dyers, toilet flushing, dust control, construction activities, concrete mixing, and artificial lakes. Reused water can also be used in landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, aesthetic uses such as fountains, and fire protection.
Water Reuse Factors that should be considered in an industrial water reuse program include: Identification of water reuse opportunities Determination of the minimum water quality needed for the given use Identification of wastewater sources that satisfy the water quality requirements Determination of how the water can be transported to the new use The reuse of wastewater or reclaimed water is beneficial because it reduces the demands on available surface and ground waters. It also help reduce a company’s water bill. Perhaps the greatest benefit of establishing water reuse programs is their contribution in delaying or eliminating the need to expand potable water supply and treatment facilities.
84 102 102 90 In closing, it is important to remember the words of Carol Browner, EPA Administrator during the Clinton Administration. She said: “ I would ask all of us to remember that protecting our environment is about protecting where we live and how we live. Let us join together to protect our health, our economy, and our communities -- so all of us and our children and our grandchildren can enjoy a healthy and a prosperous life.”