The most distinctive feature of this nematode is that males and females are joined together in a state of permanent copulation forming a Y shape
Thicker end is the cranial and the narrower end is the caudal
Macroscopic view of male syngamus trachea
Operculum -a rounded plate that seals the mouth of the shell of some gastropod mollusks when the animal's body is inside
Tran Mode: Ingestion (per os), Ingestion of Intermediate or Paratenic Host
In preparasitic the embryo develops into an infective L3 in the egg. In parasitic phase, this involves the acquiring of infection by the definitive hosts.
Young birds are most severely affected with migration of larvae and adults through the lungs causing catarrhal tracheitis, asphyxiation and pneumonia due to accumulation of large quantity of mucus. lymphoid nodules form at the point of attachment of the worms in the bronchi and trachea due to to permanent attachment of male worm to the tracheal wall throughout the duration of its life. They also appear as bloodsuckers.The female worms can detach and reattach from time to time in order to obtain a more supply of food
Accumulations of mucus cause the affected bird to shake its head, cough, extend its neck and make gaping motions. Chicks, goslings and pheasants are the most susceptible. Turkeys may be infected at all ages and may be dangerous carriers of the disease.
Subclinical infections with few worms may be confirmed at necropsy by finding copulating adults worms, 10 to 20 mm long, in the trachea and also by finding the characteristic eggs in the feces of infected birds. Appropriate clinical signs/history Fecal flotation - egg 90 X 50 microns with small, thick bipolar end plugs, can be found unembryonated in fresh feces.
Tranmission Mode of syngamus trachea is by Ingestion of egg with L3 or hatched larvae. Or by ingestion of Intermediate or Paratenic Host
