The document is a report on demographic and economic trends in the Bush Foundation region of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota. It finds that the population is aging and becoming more diverse, with growth concentrated in cities and recreation areas. Economic growth and wages have been uneven across the region, with high poverty concentrated on reservations. Education outcomes have room for improvement, and health disparities persist between racial and ethnic groups.

1. BUSH FOUNDATION State of the Region….

2. People

3. Where People Are Population by place, 2000 Source: US Census Bureau Prepared by: University of Idaho Indicators Team 1 dot = 100 people

5. Place : Metro, Regional, Rural Source: US Census Bureau Prepared by: University of Idaho Indicators Team Metro counties Regional counties Rural counties COUNTY TYPE

6. Population by place, 2000 Source: US Census Bureau Prepared by: University of Idaho Indicators Team 1 dot = 100 American Indian Asian or Pacific Islander Black or African American Hispanic

7. Growth: Cities, Recreation, Reservations Population gains and losses, 1990-2006 Source: US Census Bureau Prepared by: University of Idaho Indicators Team

8. Sources of Population Change 2000-2006

9. Projected Population Changes Slow growth - No growth - Shrinkage

10. Increasing Diversity Population Change 2000-2030

11. Aging Population: Future Orientation Getting Shorter

12. Economy

14. Percentage Change in GDP 1997-2006

16. High but Declining Employment Rate

18. Flattening of Wages

19. Most of the Poor are in Cities Source: US Census Bureau Prepared by: University of Idaho Indicators Team 1 dot = 100 people in poverty 1 in 1999

20. Poverty Most Concentrated and Persistent on Reservations

21. Creativity

22. More Creativity = Higher Wages

24. Creative Industries in the Region

25. Education

26. Education Matters: Earnings Source: US Census Bureau, 2006 American Community Survey

27. Education Matters: Economic Growth

28. High School Graduates Declining State 2007 2017 Net Percentage Minnesota 59,410 55,190 -7.1% North Dakota 7,410 5,640 -23.9% South Dakota 8,340 7,190 -13.8%

29. Education: Good – Not Great

30. Progress in Math, Not in Reading

31. Spending More – Not getting Enough Total Revenues Per Student vs. Inflation Overall Consumer Prices (CPI-U) increase on $4,000 per student revenue in 1989

32. Education Potential Lost Bush Region Composite

33. Education: Potential Lost 4 Year HS Graduation Rate (2004-2005)

34. Changing Diversity of HS Graduates 2002-2014 WICHE 2003

35. Impact of Early Childhood Education

36. Effective Teaching Accumulates So Does Ineffective Teaching

37. “ By our estimates from Texas schools, having an above average teacher for five years running can completely close the average gap between low-income students and others.” John Kain and Eric Hanushek

38. Health

39. Health: Better Here - For Some 2005 Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) before age 75

40. Getting Better: Disparities Remain Change in Years of Potential Life Lost 1990-2005 Minnesota North Dakota South Dakota 2005 % Change 2005 % Change 2005 % Change White 5074 -16% 5943 -7% 5241 -3% Black 8849 -34% - - - - Indian 13646 -6% 14528 -4% 18146 -20% Asian 3818 -20% - - - - Hispanic 4048 -21% 2556 -38% 5241 +58% All 5329 -16% 6371 -6% 7273 -6%

41. Behavior Matters - Causes of Death YPLL 2005

42. Behavior Matters: Health Epidemics

43. Rising Cost of Health Care

46. Independent Sector

48. Unequal Non-profit Resources

50. Bush Funding by Category 2006

51. Quality of Leadership

53. Quality of State Management 2005 Government Performance Project, Governing Magazine, Pew Charitable Trusts

57. BUSH FOUNDATION State of the Region….