1. INTRACELLULAR
ACCUMULATIONS
Lecture No. 2

3. ABNORMAL ACCUMULATIONS

4. TYPES OF ACCUMULATIONS
There are 2 basic types of accumulations:
1. Excess of substances normal to the
particular cell, and
2. Abnormal substances in three
mechanisms: (a) decrease in normal
metabolic removal, (b) inability to
metabolize the substance, and (c)
deposition of abnormal exogenous
substance in which the cell has
no mechanism to metabolize it.

5. Exogenous Accumulations
Pneumoconioses- or dust diseases:
• Anthracosis- coal dust
• Silicosis-silica dust inhalation in stone workers,
sandblasters, miners
• Siderosis- iron dust
• Asbestosis- blue, brown, red asbestos and
crosidolite in shipbuilding workers, insulation
and electrical works
• Plumbism-lead accumulation
• Bussynosis-cotton fibers
• Phytopneumoconiosis- plants or vegetables’
pollen,etc.

6. ANTHRACOSIS-Lymph Node
• A mediastinal lymph node which drains the lungs,
exhibits numerous macrohages that contain anthracotic
(carbon) pigment.
• This material was inhaled and originally deposited in the
lungs.

7. ANTHRACOSIS-SILICOSIS
IN THE LUNGS

8. SILICOSIS

9. ASBESTOSIS-LUNGS

10. Endogenous Accumulations
• Lipofuchsin- a yellowish brown pigment having a
high lipid content, often found in atrophied cells
of old age. Also called the “wear-and-tear
pigment.” Common in heart muscle called
“brown atrophy.”
• Bile pigments-are derived from the degradation
of hemoglobin(bilirubin, hemosiderin, hematin,
porphyrins, biliverdin)
• Melanin-brown or black pigment of the skin, iris,
gums, hair and accumulates in nevus or lentigo
or moles

11. LIPOFUCHSIN IN BROWN ATROPHY-
LIVER

12. BILIARY PIGMENTATION-LIVER

13. • Hemosiderosis – is when iron does not
interfere with organ functions
• Hemochromatosis –refers to iron overload
associated with organ failure

14. HEMOCHROMATOSIS

15. CHLOASMA
Tan or brown pigmentation commonly associated with
pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives.
Also called the mask of pregnancy or melasma.

16. CHLOROMA
• It is a malignant
greenish neoplasm
of myeloid tissue
occurring anywhere
in the body in
patients with
myelogenous
leukemia.
• The green pigment
is primarily
myeloperoxidase.
• Also called
granulocytic
sarcoma or green
cancer.

18. ADDISON’S DISEASE
• Addison’s disease is a life-threatening
condition caused by partial or complete
adrenocortical function. It is
characterized by weakness, decreased
endurance, increased pigmentation of
the skin and mucous membranes,
described as bronzing, anorexia,
dehydration and weight loss, GI
disturbances, anxiety, depression, and
other emotional distress.

19. Amyloid Deposits-Kidney

20. Types of Calcification
• Physiologic calcification – laying down of
calcium salts in bone-forming tissues
• Pathological calcification - types
1. Dystrophic calcification
2. Metastatic calcification
3. Lithiasis
4. Arterial calcification
5. Calcinosis

21. Dystrophic Calcification-Aorta

22. Metastatic Calcification-Lungs

24. “Our lives are filled with joys and strife,
And what is death but part of life?
Will come the day that we must die,
And leave behind those learning why?”
by the Pathology Blues
Class 1998, Harvard University