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Budgets: Austerity vs.
          Investment

Taggert J. Brooks, PhD
Chair and Associate Professor of Economics
University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
Long run versus Short run
Short run
Postwar Recessions (1946-2008): Cumulative
8
               Decline from NBER Peak (pct)
                                                       1990
6

4

                                                        2001
2

0

-2
                                                      2007
-4

-6

-8
     1         13        25        37       49        61
2%
        Change in GDP since Q1 2008
                                        US
                                        Germany

0%

                                         France

-2%



-4%
                                         Spain


-6%
                                         Italy


-8%
      2008Q1          2010Q1          2012Q1
The Fiscal Cliff
Long run
Growth in Real GDP/capita, 1300-2100
Government Spending
   Defense
   Infrastructure
   Education
   Transfers
   Health
   Other?
0   5   10   15   20   25   30

Medicare and Medicaid
              Defense
       Socail Security
            Safety Net
      Benefits for Vets
               Interest
         Infrastructure
            Education
             Research
          International
                 Other
             Federal Spending as % of Budget
Future versus Present
Present
Actual Budget Balance with 5 Year OMB Forecasts
 5.0




 0.0




 -5.0




-10.0




-15.0
        1980    1985     1990      1995     2000     2005        2010   2015
Budget Balance as Percentage of GDP
10.0

 5.0

 0.0

 -5.0

-10.0

-15.0

-20.0

-25.0
                                                 Year
                                                 Democrats
-30.0

-35.0
     1930   1940     1950   1960   1970   1980     1990      2000
0   50         100            150   200
           Japan
        Greece
             Italy
        Belgium
       Portugal
United Kingdom
         Iceland
       Hungary
         France
         Austria
  United States
          Ireland
    Netherlands
            Spain
         Poland
      Germany
          Turkey
         Finland
       Denmark
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
        Canada
        Sweden
           Korea
   New Zealand
         Mexico
        Norway
    Switzerland
   Luxembourg
       Australia

                          2010 Debt to GDP Ratio
Top Marginal Tax Rate
100

                                                            Democrats

                                                            Republican
75                                                          s




50




25




  0
   1913   1923   1933   1943   1953   1963   1973   1983   1993   2003   2013
0       10     20    30     40     50   60
       Denmark
        Sweden
        Belgium
         France
        Finland
        Norway
          Spain
United Kingdom
           Israel
      Germany
        Canada
         Poland
        Greece
    Switzerland
          Japan
  United States
         Turkey
          Korea
            Chile
         Mexico
     OECD Ave

                        Taxes as Percent of GDP 2005
Future
Means-Tested Transfers
   AFDC/TANF (Temporary Assistance to
    Needy Families)
   CTC (child tax credit)
   EITC (earned income tax credit)
   Medicaid
   SSI (Supplemental Security Income),
   WIC (The Special Supplemental Nutrition
    Program for Women, Infants, and Children)
   Food Stamps, General Assistance, Housing
    Assistance, Free and Reduced Lunches
Social Insurance Transfers
 SSDI (disability insurance),
 Medicare,

 Social Security Retirement,

 UI (unemployment insurance),

 Veterans Benefits,

 WC (workers compensation)
Transfers to All
 Medicare
 Social Security Retirement
Percent of GDP
30



         Ryan’s Cap Federal Spending
20



10                                Medicare and
                                  Medicaid Spending
                                  Only

 0
  1960     1980   2000    2020   2040   2060   2080
Spending as a % of GDP
50

                          Total Fed
40                        Government Spending


30


                          Ryan’s Cap
20


10                                       Medicare and
                                         Medicaid

0
 1960   1980    2000    2020      2040      2060        2080
Top 1% of Income Earners
      Louis D. Brandeis
          Share of Total Income – U.S.
20.0


    “We may have democracy, or we
15.0
    may have wealth concentrated in
    the hands of a few, but we
10.0
    cannot have both.”
 5.0



  -
       1913    1937    1961     1985     2009
Louis D. Brandeis

“We may have democracy, or we
may have wealth concentrated in
the hands of a few, but we
cannot have both.”
Thanks. Questions?




Taggert J. Brooks, PhD
Associate Professor of Economics
University of Wisconsin-La Crosse

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League of Women Voters October 2012 final

  • 1. Budgets: Austerity vs. Investment Taggert J. Brooks, PhD Chair and Associate Professor of Economics University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
  • 2.
  • 3. Long run versus Short run
  • 5. Postwar Recessions (1946-2008): Cumulative 8 Decline from NBER Peak (pct) 1990 6 4 2001 2 0 -2 2007 -4 -6 -8 1 13 25 37 49 61
  • 6. 2% Change in GDP since Q1 2008 US Germany 0% France -2% -4% Spain -6% Italy -8% 2008Q1 2010Q1 2012Q1
  • 8.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Growth in Real GDP/capita, 1300-2100
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Government Spending  Defense  Infrastructure  Education  Transfers  Health  Other?
  • 18. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Medicare and Medicaid Defense Socail Security Safety Net Benefits for Vets Interest Infrastructure Education Research International Other Federal Spending as % of Budget
  • 21. Actual Budget Balance with 5 Year OMB Forecasts 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
  • 22. Budget Balance as Percentage of GDP 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 -25.0 Year Democrats -30.0 -35.0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
  • 23. 0 50 100 150 200 Japan Greece Italy Belgium Portugal United Kingdom Iceland Hungary France Austria United States Ireland Netherlands Spain Poland Germany Turkey Finland Denmark Slovak Republic Czech Republic Canada Sweden Korea New Zealand Mexico Norway Switzerland Luxembourg Australia 2010 Debt to GDP Ratio
  • 24. Top Marginal Tax Rate 100 Democrats Republican 75 s 50 25 0 1913 1923 1933 1943 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2013
  • 25. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Denmark Sweden Belgium France Finland Norway Spain United Kingdom Israel Germany Canada Poland Greece Switzerland Japan United States Turkey Korea Chile Mexico OECD Ave Taxes as Percent of GDP 2005
  • 27. Means-Tested Transfers  AFDC/TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families)  CTC (child tax credit)  EITC (earned income tax credit)  Medicaid  SSI (Supplemental Security Income),  WIC (The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)  Food Stamps, General Assistance, Housing Assistance, Free and Reduced Lunches
  • 28. Social Insurance Transfers  SSDI (disability insurance),  Medicare,  Social Security Retirement,  UI (unemployment insurance),  Veterans Benefits,  WC (workers compensation)
  • 29. Transfers to All  Medicare  Social Security Retirement
  • 30. Percent of GDP 30 Ryan’s Cap Federal Spending 20 10 Medicare and Medicaid Spending Only 0 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080
  • 31. Spending as a % of GDP 50 Total Fed 40 Government Spending 30 Ryan’s Cap 20 10 Medicare and Medicaid 0 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080
  • 32.
  • 33. Top 1% of Income Earners Louis D. Brandeis Share of Total Income – U.S. 20.0 “We may have democracy, or we 15.0 may have wealth concentrated in the hands of a few, but we 10.0 cannot have both.” 5.0 - 1913 1937 1961 1985 2009
  • 34. Louis D. Brandeis “We may have democracy, or we may have wealth concentrated in the hands of a few, but we cannot have both.”
  • 35.
  • 36. Thanks. Questions? Taggert J. Brooks, PhD Associate Professor of Economics University of Wisconsin-La Crosse

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. There is a tradeoff between long run and short run. The degree to which there is a tradeoff and what is exactly traded off is a matter of some contention.
  2. There is a tradeoff between long run and short run. The degree to which there is a tradeoff and what is exactly traded off is a matter of some contention.
  3. http://www.flickr.com/photos/border0/5574007369/sizes/o/in/photostream/
  4. There is a tradeoff between long run and short run. The degree to which there is a tradeoff and what is exactly traded off is a matter of some contention.
  5. http://www.voxeu.org/article/us-economic-growth-over
  6. http://www.voxeu.org/article/us-economic-growth-over
  7. http://www.flickr.com/photos/bakatanuki/5457488729/sizes/l/A thought experiment. Private Trash collection versus public trash collection.
  8. There is a tradeoff between long run and short run. The degree to which there is a tradeoff and what is exactly traded off is a matter of some contention.
  9. There is a tradeoff between long run and short run. The degree to which there is a tradeoff and what is exactly traded off is a matter of some contention.
  10. There is a tradeoff between long run and short run. The degree to which there is a tradeoff and what is exactly traded off is a matter of some contention.
  11. Programs are AFDC/TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families), CTC (child tax credit), DI (disability insurance), EITC (earned income tax credit), Food Stamps, Foster Family, General Assistance, Housing Assistance, Medicaid, Medicare, Other Welfare, Social Security, SSI (Supplemental Security Income), UI (unemployment insurance), Veterans Benefits, WC (workers compensation), and WIC (The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children).Social SecurityMedicareSSIUIRailroad Employees AFDCChild CareTitle XX Social Services Block GrantChild ProtectionSocial Welfare in the TerritoriesPension Benefit Guaranty Corp.Food StampsMedicaidS-CHIPHousing AssistanceSchool Lunch and BreakfastsWIC for familiesChild and Adult Care Workforce Investment ActHead StartLI-HEAP
  12. Programs are AFDC/TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families), CTC (child tax credit), DI (disability insurance), EITC (earned income tax credit), Food Stamps, Foster Family, General Assistance, Housing Assistance, Medicaid, Medicare, Other Welfare, Social Security, SSI (Supplemental Security Income), UI (unemployment insurance), Veterans Benefits, WC (workers compensation), and WIC (The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children).Social SecurityMedicareSSIUIRailroad Employees AFDCChild CareTitle XX Social Services Block GrantChild ProtectionSocial Welfare in the TerritoriesPension Benefit Guaranty Corp.Food StampsMedicaidS-CHIPHousing AssistanceSchool Lunch and BreakfastsWIC for familiesChild and Adult Care Workforce Investment ActHead StartLI-HEAP
  13. Rising Life expectancy has meant transfers to all have increased but there effectiveness for poverty reduction has not worked.
  14. CBO projections
  15. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/08/15/business/fewer-government-resources.html
  16. Lane Kenworthy