SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 43
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
TDM 458
Ara Pachmayer
Global Distribution of Tourism
Lecture 2 impacts of tourism   global dist
Global Regional Tourism Now
• Middle East (-8%) and North Africa (-9%) were the only
sub-regions to record declines in arrivals in 2011. Why?
• Europe was the fastest growing region in 2011
• 2000-2010
– Middle East Growth at 9.6% a year (declining in 2011)
– Central America at 6.2% a year
– Asia at about 6.3% a year
– Africa at 6.4% a year (declining in 2011)
– N. America, Caribbean, Western Europe, Oceania all
stagnation over decade.
World’s Top Tourism Destinations (2010)
World’s Top Tourism Destinations (2011)
World’s Top Tourism Earners (2010)
World’s Top Tourism Earners (2011)
World’s Top Tourism Spenders (2010)
World’s Top Tourism Spenders (2011)
Travel by Type of Tourism (2010)
Travel by Type of Tourism (2011)
Travel by Means of Transport (2010)
Travel by Means of Transport (2011)
Inbound Tourism
Growth of International Tourism
• 1950 25 million
• 1960 69 million
• 1970 166 million
• 1980 277 million
• 1990 457 million
• 2000 698 million
• 2006 842 million
• 2007 903 million
• 2008 922 million
• 2009 880 million
• 2010 940 million
• 2011 983 million
Current Trends In International Tourism
• In 1950, the top 15 destinations absorbed
98% of all international tourist arrivals
• In 1970, the proportion was 75%
• In 2007, this fell to 57%
Lecture 2 impacts of tourism   global dist
International Tourist Arrivals, 1950-2030
International Tourist Arrivals by region (2010)
Negative Growth in 2009
• Global economic crisis had a major impact on
tourism in 2009
• Tourism started to rebound in 2010 more so in
developing countries
• Trends?
– 2011
– 2015 and beyond?
Current Global Issues??
• What global issues is the world facing today?
• How do these impact tourism?
Current issues in Global Tourism
• Safety and Security
• Political Stability
• Health
• Swine Flu/Other outbreaks
• Economic Recession
• Pro-Poor Development/Equity
• Ecological Sustainability
Current Issues in Global Tourism
• New Markets and Products
• New and Emerging Destinations
• Education and Training
• Cross-Border Cooperation - EU
• Sovereignty
• Migration
• Climate Change
• Technology and E-tourism
International Travel
• Passports
• Visas
• Restrictions
• Embassies and Consulates
• International Relations
What are regions?
• Areas that are linked together by some
socio-spatial, physical, or economic
variables
A Regional Approach
Lesson on Geography
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZ9alkKF3N
Tourism Impacts
TDM 458
Ara Pachmayer
Impacts of Tourism
• Benefits and Disadvantages
– Economic
– Social
– Cultural
– Environment
Benefits of Tourism - Economic
• Provides employment opportunities
• Generates foreign exchange
• Increases personal income & GNP
• Can be built on existing infrastructure
• Develops new infrastructure that will also stimulate
local commerce and industry
Benefits of Tourism - Economic
• Can be developed with local products and resources
• Diversifies the economy
– So economies are less vulnerable to recessions, etc.
• Tends to be compatible with other economic activities
• Spreads development
• High multiplier impact
• Increases governmental revenues
– Hotel taxes
– Bed taxes
– which typically only the tourist will pay
Disadvantages of Tourism - Economic
• Results in high “leakage” – money leaving the economy
• Creates difficulties of seasonality
– Many destinations have off season where businesses close, etc.
• Causes inflation
– Prices may increase for residents
• Can result in unbalanced economic development
• Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes
Benefits of Tourism - Social
• Broadens educational and cultural horizons
• Improves quality of life - higher incomes and improved
standards of living
• Provides tourist and recreational facilities that may be
used by a local population
Disadvantages of Tourism - Social
• Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts
– Popener – image of the Pope on a bottle opener below
• Creates conflicts/misunderstandings in/with the host
society
• Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation, and
transportation problems
• Day-to-day activities
– Increased pace of life
– Congestion and crowding
– Competition for leisure resources
– (beaches, restaurants)
All Cultures are Dynamic
• Cultures change and evolve due to:
– Internal forces
– External forces
• Acculturation Culture
Lecture 2 impacts of tourism   global dist
Benefits of Tourism - Cultural
• Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition
• Visitor interest in local culture provides employment for
artists, musicians and other performing artists enhancing
cultural heritage
• Breaks down language barriers, socio-cultural barriers,
class barriers, racial barriers, political barriers, and
religious barriers
• Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination
• Promotes a global community
• Promotes international understanding and peace
• Generate cultural understanding and awareness
Disadvantages of Tourism - Cultural
Morality and social norms
• Change sexual norms and behavior
• Kissing in Public, prostitution, crime, shift in
dress and behavior to imitate tourists
• Weaken family structures and shifts in family
behaviors
• Divorce rate
• Shift in importance of traditional religious
practices
• Which may become tourist attractions
• Justification for conservation and environmental
protection
– Tourism promotes conservation activities by convincing
politicians, government officials and the general public
about the importance of natural areas for generating
income from tourism.
• Direct economic support for conservation (some amount
of revenue is directly spent on conservation)- User Fees
Benefits of Tourism - Environmental
Disadvantages of Tourism - Environmental
• Degrades the natural environment and creates pollution
– Cars, buses, recreation vehicles
• Energy (Energy consumption by tourists is four times
higher than locals)
• Flora
– Alien seeds carried by tourists
– Illegal collection of plants by tourists
– Tramping by tourists
– Tourism related erosion problems
• Fauna
– Wildlife dependency on tourists
– Photographing by tourists
– Chasing animals by tourists
– Vehicular traffic disturbance
Disadvantages of Tourism - Environmental
Buying souvenirs
(endangered plants and
animals products)
Disadvantages of Tourism - Environmental
Littering
• Nonbiodegradable
wastes
Collected trash from Mt Everest
Year Oxygen Bottles Used Batteries Empty Fuel Canisters
1995 140 200 100
1998 157 520 216
Other impacts
• Noise pollution
• Landscape
• Visual pollution (eg. graffiti)

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

tourism product development
tourism product developmenttourism product development
tourism product developmentMd Ikbal Hussain
 
Understanding tourism demand
Understanding tourism demandUnderstanding tourism demand
Understanding tourism demandReymarie Oohlala
 
THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM
THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISMTHE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM
THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISMMichele Rios
 
Week 2 impacts of tourism
Week 2  impacts of tourismWeek 2  impacts of tourism
Week 2 impacts of tourismjay
 
Economic Impact of Tourism chapter 5
Economic Impact of Tourism chapter 5Economic Impact of Tourism chapter 5
Economic Impact of Tourism chapter 5Phyo Paing (Derek)
 
Introduction to Tourism Impacts
Introduction to Tourism ImpactsIntroduction to Tourism Impacts
Introduction to Tourism ImpactsCris dela Peña
 
Leipers model of tourism system
Leipers model of tourism systemLeipers model of tourism system
Leipers model of tourism systemAnita Sajit
 
Tourist Security and the Role of the Tour Guide
Tourist Security and the Role of the Tour GuideTourist Security and the Role of the Tour Guide
Tourist Security and the Role of the Tour GuideWhistling Crow
 
N ational tourism development plan
N ational tourism development planN ational tourism development plan
N ational tourism development planReymarie Oohlala
 
Destination development policies for alternative tourism
Destination development policies for alternative tourismDestination development policies for alternative tourism
Destination development policies for alternative tourismSarabindhGManoj
 
5. global tourism impacts
5. global tourism  impacts5. global tourism  impacts
5. global tourism impactsMissST
 
TSM 101 impacts of tourism
TSM 101  impacts of tourismTSM 101  impacts of tourism
TSM 101 impacts of tourismjay
 
Unit 2: Responsible Tourism Product Development
Unit 2: Responsible Tourism Product DevelopmentUnit 2: Responsible Tourism Product Development
Unit 2: Responsible Tourism Product Developmentduanesrt
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

tourism product development
tourism product developmenttourism product development
tourism product development
 
Understanding tourism demand
Understanding tourism demandUnderstanding tourism demand
Understanding tourism demand
 
Tourism Policy
Tourism PolicyTourism Policy
Tourism Policy
 
THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM
THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISMTHE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM
THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM
 
Tourism products
Tourism productsTourism products
Tourism products
 
Week 2 impacts of tourism
Week 2  impacts of tourismWeek 2  impacts of tourism
Week 2 impacts of tourism
 
Chapter 3
Chapter 3Chapter 3
Chapter 3
 
Economic Impact of Tourism chapter 5
Economic Impact of Tourism chapter 5Economic Impact of Tourism chapter 5
Economic Impact of Tourism chapter 5
 
Sustainable tourism
Sustainable tourismSustainable tourism
Sustainable tourism
 
Introduction to Tourism Impacts
Introduction to Tourism ImpactsIntroduction to Tourism Impacts
Introduction to Tourism Impacts
 
Leipers model of tourism system
Leipers model of tourism systemLeipers model of tourism system
Leipers model of tourism system
 
Tourist Security and the Role of the Tour Guide
Tourist Security and the Role of the Tour GuideTourist Security and the Role of the Tour Guide
Tourist Security and the Role of the Tour Guide
 
N ational tourism development plan
N ational tourism development planN ational tourism development plan
N ational tourism development plan
 
Destination development policies for alternative tourism
Destination development policies for alternative tourismDestination development policies for alternative tourism
Destination development policies for alternative tourism
 
Tourism
TourismTourism
Tourism
 
5. global tourism impacts
5. global tourism  impacts5. global tourism  impacts
5. global tourism impacts
 
Tourism development
Tourism developmentTourism development
Tourism development
 
TSM 101 impacts of tourism
TSM 101  impacts of tourismTSM 101  impacts of tourism
TSM 101 impacts of tourism
 
Unit 2: Responsible Tourism Product Development
Unit 2: Responsible Tourism Product DevelopmentUnit 2: Responsible Tourism Product Development
Unit 2: Responsible Tourism Product Development
 
3 Tourism Resources
3  Tourism Resources3  Tourism Resources
3 Tourism Resources
 

Andere mochten auch

2. global tourism trends and changes
2. global tourism  trends and changes2. global tourism  trends and changes
2. global tourism trends and changesMissST
 
The political factors influencing tourism(kenya)
The political factors influencing tourism(kenya)The political factors influencing tourism(kenya)
The political factors influencing tourism(kenya)Walter Cascante Caballero
 
Intro To Adventure Tourism
Intro To Adventure Tourism Intro To Adventure Tourism
Intro To Adventure Tourism Hillary Jenkins
 
Intro To Adventure Tourism
Intro To Adventure TourismIntro To Adventure Tourism
Intro To Adventure TourismHillary Jenkins
 
ADVENTURE TOURISM
ADVENTURE TOURISMADVENTURE TOURISM
ADVENTURE TOURISMguestb20ced
 
2014 Travel & Tourism Trends
2014 Travel & Tourism Trends2014 Travel & Tourism Trends
2014 Travel & Tourism TrendsChris Fair
 
Ten Mega Trends in Tourism 2016
Ten Mega Trends in Tourism 2016Ten Mega Trends in Tourism 2016
Ten Mega Trends in Tourism 2016The Kreative Room
 
2015 TOURISM & TRAVEL TRENDS REPORT
2015 TOURISM & TRAVEL TRENDS REPORT2015 TOURISM & TRAVEL TRENDS REPORT
2015 TOURISM & TRAVEL TRENDS REPORTChris Fair
 
Tour and travel management system
Tour and travel management systemTour and travel management system
Tour and travel management systemRavindra Chaudhary
 
Overview of tourism impacts
Overview of tourism impactsOverview of tourism impacts
Overview of tourism impactsReymarie Oohlala
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Lecture # 4 @ ibt fiscal policy
Lecture # 4 @ ibt fiscal policyLecture # 4 @ ibt fiscal policy
Lecture # 4 @ ibt fiscal policy
 
Lecture # 3 @ ibt monetary policy
Lecture # 3 @ ibt monetary policyLecture # 3 @ ibt monetary policy
Lecture # 3 @ ibt monetary policy
 
Lecture # 2 @ ibt macroeconomics goals)
Lecture # 2 @ ibt macroeconomics goals)Lecture # 2 @ ibt macroeconomics goals)
Lecture # 2 @ ibt macroeconomics goals)
 
2. global tourism trends and changes
2. global tourism  trends and changes2. global tourism  trends and changes
2. global tourism trends and changes
 
The political factors influencing tourism(kenya)
The political factors influencing tourism(kenya)The political factors influencing tourism(kenya)
The political factors influencing tourism(kenya)
 
Adventure tourism
Adventure tourismAdventure tourism
Adventure tourism
 
B321 Macroeconomics Notes
B321 Macroeconomics Notes B321 Macroeconomics Notes
B321 Macroeconomics Notes
 
Intro To Adventure Tourism
Intro To Adventure Tourism Intro To Adventure Tourism
Intro To Adventure Tourism
 
Adventure tourism
Adventure tourismAdventure tourism
Adventure tourism
 
Intro To Adventure Tourism
Intro To Adventure TourismIntro To Adventure Tourism
Intro To Adventure Tourism
 
Tourism Organizations
Tourism OrganizationsTourism Organizations
Tourism Organizations
 
ADVENTURE TOURISM
ADVENTURE TOURISMADVENTURE TOURISM
ADVENTURE TOURISM
 
2014 Travel & Tourism Trends
2014 Travel & Tourism Trends2014 Travel & Tourism Trends
2014 Travel & Tourism Trends
 
Adventure Traveler Statistics
Adventure Traveler StatisticsAdventure Traveler Statistics
Adventure Traveler Statistics
 
Ten Mega Trends in Tourism 2016
Ten Mega Trends in Tourism 2016Ten Mega Trends in Tourism 2016
Ten Mega Trends in Tourism 2016
 
Adventure tourism
Adventure tourismAdventure tourism
Adventure tourism
 
2015 TOURISM & TRAVEL TRENDS REPORT
2015 TOURISM & TRAVEL TRENDS REPORT2015 TOURISM & TRAVEL TRENDS REPORT
2015 TOURISM & TRAVEL TRENDS REPORT
 
Tour and travel management system
Tour and travel management systemTour and travel management system
Tour and travel management system
 
Overview of tourism impacts
Overview of tourism impactsOverview of tourism impacts
Overview of tourism impacts
 
Chap5 (tourism impacts)
Chap5 (tourism impacts)Chap5 (tourism impacts)
Chap5 (tourism impacts)
 

Ähnlich wie Lecture 2 impacts of tourism global dist

Economic Evaluation of Eco-Tourism
Economic Evaluation of Eco-TourismEconomic Evaluation of Eco-Tourism
Economic Evaluation of Eco-TourismAyesha Akhtar
 
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of TourismEconomic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of TourismPokhara Technical School
 
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of TourismEconomic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of TourismRajiv Kumar Thakur
 
Cbss elective geography unit 1 global tourism part 3
Cbss elective geography unit 1 global tourism part 3Cbss elective geography unit 1 global tourism part 3
Cbss elective geography unit 1 global tourism part 3critter33
 
Sustainable Tourism Chapter 1.pptx
Sustainable Tourism Chapter 1.pptxSustainable Tourism Chapter 1.pptx
Sustainable Tourism Chapter 1.pptxmuskanmary
 
6 7 impacts
6 7  impacts6 7  impacts
6 7 impactsMissST
 
lecture 4_ca99b88b29e107586e63fe35b7c5608e.pptx
lecture 4_ca99b88b29e107586e63fe35b7c5608e.pptxlecture 4_ca99b88b29e107586e63fe35b7c5608e.pptx
lecture 4_ca99b88b29e107586e63fe35b7c5608e.pptxyuvrajsingh210560
 
Responsible Tourism for the Tourism Industry M Hatchuel 2012
Responsible Tourism for the Tourism Industry M Hatchuel 2012Responsible Tourism for the Tourism Industry M Hatchuel 2012
Responsible Tourism for the Tourism Industry M Hatchuel 2012Martin Hatchuel
 
Ch 1 GW 2 - Tourism Global Phenomenon
Ch 1 GW 2 - Tourism Global PhenomenonCh 1 GW 2 - Tourism Global Phenomenon
Ch 1 GW 2 - Tourism Global PhenomenonLEEENNA
 
Tourismppt 110427041756-phpapp01
Tourismppt 110427041756-phpapp01Tourismppt 110427041756-phpapp01
Tourismppt 110427041756-phpapp01Jainam Shah
 
Cook Islands Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2018 - Tourism Opportunities...
Cook Islands Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2018 - Tourism Opportunities...Cook Islands Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2018 - Tourism Opportunities...
Cook Islands Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2018 - Tourism Opportunities...Brussels Briefings (brusselsbriefings.net)
 
LECTURE 2 IMPACTS OF TOURISM.pptx
LECTURE 2 IMPACTS OF TOURISM.pptxLECTURE 2 IMPACTS OF TOURISM.pptx
LECTURE 2 IMPACTS OF TOURISM.pptxVanesa Tosha
 
Tourism GW 2 Slides
Tourism GW 2 SlidesTourism GW 2 Slides
Tourism GW 2 SlidesLEEENNA
 

Ähnlich wie Lecture 2 impacts of tourism global dist (20)

Economic Evaluation of Eco-Tourism
Economic Evaluation of Eco-TourismEconomic Evaluation of Eco-Tourism
Economic Evaluation of Eco-Tourism
 
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of TourismEconomic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
 
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of TourismEconomic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
Economic, Environmental & Socio-cultural Significance of Tourism
 
Cbss elective geography unit 1 global tourism part 3
Cbss elective geography unit 1 global tourism part 3Cbss elective geography unit 1 global tourism part 3
Cbss elective geography unit 1 global tourism part 3
 
Sustainable Tourism Chapter 1.pptx
Sustainable Tourism Chapter 1.pptxSustainable Tourism Chapter 1.pptx
Sustainable Tourism Chapter 1.pptx
 
6 7 impacts
6 7  impacts6 7  impacts
6 7 impacts
 
lecture 4_ca99b88b29e107586e63fe35b7c5608e.pptx
lecture 4_ca99b88b29e107586e63fe35b7c5608e.pptxlecture 4_ca99b88b29e107586e63fe35b7c5608e.pptx
lecture 4_ca99b88b29e107586e63fe35b7c5608e.pptx
 
Impacts of tourism
Impacts of tourismImpacts of tourism
Impacts of tourism
 
Week2 impacts of tourism
Week2 impacts of tourismWeek2 impacts of tourism
Week2 impacts of tourism
 
Tourism development
Tourism developmentTourism development
Tourism development
 
Responsible Tourism for the Tourism Industry M Hatchuel 2012
Responsible Tourism for the Tourism Industry M Hatchuel 2012Responsible Tourism for the Tourism Industry M Hatchuel 2012
Responsible Tourism for the Tourism Industry M Hatchuel 2012
 
Tourism types
Tourism typesTourism types
Tourism types
 
Ch 1 GW 2 - Tourism Global Phenomenon
Ch 1 GW 2 - Tourism Global PhenomenonCh 1 GW 2 - Tourism Global Phenomenon
Ch 1 GW 2 - Tourism Global Phenomenon
 
Tourismppt 110427041756-phpapp01
Tourismppt 110427041756-phpapp01Tourismppt 110427041756-phpapp01
Tourismppt 110427041756-phpapp01
 
WE TOYR_Course 2_Module 1
WE TOYR_Course 2_Module 1WE TOYR_Course 2_Module 1
WE TOYR_Course 2_Module 1
 
U1lo3
U1lo3U1lo3
U1lo3
 
Tourism (1)
Tourism (1)Tourism (1)
Tourism (1)
 
Cook Islands Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2018 - Tourism Opportunities...
Cook Islands Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2018 - Tourism Opportunities...Cook Islands Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2018 - Tourism Opportunities...
Cook Islands Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2018 - Tourism Opportunities...
 
LECTURE 2 IMPACTS OF TOURISM.pptx
LECTURE 2 IMPACTS OF TOURISM.pptxLECTURE 2 IMPACTS OF TOURISM.pptx
LECTURE 2 IMPACTS OF TOURISM.pptx
 
Tourism GW 2 Slides
Tourism GW 2 SlidesTourism GW 2 Slides
Tourism GW 2 Slides
 

Mehr von ASU Online

Midterm common mistakes
Midterm common mistakesMidterm common mistakes
Midterm common mistakesASU Online
 
Lists, queues and stacks 1
Lists, queues and stacks 1Lists, queues and stacks 1
Lists, queues and stacks 1ASU Online
 
Lists, queues and stacks
Lists, queues and stacksLists, queues and stacks
Lists, queues and stacksASU Online
 
Classes revision
Classes revisionClasses revision
Classes revisionASU Online
 
For loop java 2
For loop java 2For loop java 2
For loop java 2ASU Online
 
Reading and writting v2
Reading and writting v2Reading and writting v2
Reading and writting v2ASU Online
 
Common errors v2
Common errors v2Common errors v2
Common errors v2ASU Online
 
Common missunderestandings
Common missunderestandingsCommon missunderestandings
Common missunderestandingsASU Online
 
Introduction to java
Introduction to javaIntroduction to java
Introduction to javaASU Online
 
Lecture 14 tourism in europe
Lecture 14   tourism in europeLecture 14   tourism in europe
Lecture 14 tourism in europeASU Online
 
Lecture 13 tourism in the south pacific
Lecture 13   tourism in the south pacificLecture 13   tourism in the south pacific
Lecture 13 tourism in the south pacificASU Online
 
Lecture 12 tourism in australia and new zealand
Lecture 12   tourism in australia and new zealandLecture 12   tourism in australia and new zealand
Lecture 12 tourism in australia and new zealandASU Online
 
Lecture 11 tourism in east asia
Lecture 11   tourism in east asiaLecture 11   tourism in east asia
Lecture 11 tourism in east asiaASU Online
 
Lecture 9 tourism in south asia
Lecture 9   tourism in south asiaLecture 9   tourism in south asia
Lecture 9 tourism in south asiaASU Online
 
Lecture 9 tourism in south asia-1
Lecture 9   tourism in south asia-1Lecture 9   tourism in south asia-1
Lecture 9 tourism in south asia-1ASU Online
 
Lecture 8 tourism in central asia
Lecture 8   tourism in central asiaLecture 8   tourism in central asia
Lecture 8 tourism in central asiaASU Online
 
Lecture 7 tourism in the middle east and north africa
Lecture 7   tourism in the middle east and north africaLecture 7   tourism in the middle east and north africa
Lecture 7 tourism in the middle east and north africaASU Online
 
Lecture 6 tourism in sub-saharan africa
Lecture 6   tourism in sub-saharan africaLecture 6   tourism in sub-saharan africa
Lecture 6 tourism in sub-saharan africaASU Online
 
Lecture 5 tourism in latin america
Lecture 5   tourism in latin americaLecture 5   tourism in latin america
Lecture 5 tourism in latin americaASU Online
 
Lecture 4 tourism in the caribbean
Lecture 4   tourism in the caribbeanLecture 4   tourism in the caribbean
Lecture 4 tourism in the caribbeanASU Online
 

Mehr von ASU Online (20)

Midterm common mistakes
Midterm common mistakesMidterm common mistakes
Midterm common mistakes
 
Lists, queues and stacks 1
Lists, queues and stacks 1Lists, queues and stacks 1
Lists, queues and stacks 1
 
Lists, queues and stacks
Lists, queues and stacksLists, queues and stacks
Lists, queues and stacks
 
Classes revision
Classes revisionClasses revision
Classes revision
 
For loop java 2
For loop java 2For loop java 2
For loop java 2
 
Reading and writting v2
Reading and writting v2Reading and writting v2
Reading and writting v2
 
Common errors v2
Common errors v2Common errors v2
Common errors v2
 
Common missunderestandings
Common missunderestandingsCommon missunderestandings
Common missunderestandings
 
Introduction to java
Introduction to javaIntroduction to java
Introduction to java
 
Lecture 14 tourism in europe
Lecture 14   tourism in europeLecture 14   tourism in europe
Lecture 14 tourism in europe
 
Lecture 13 tourism in the south pacific
Lecture 13   tourism in the south pacificLecture 13   tourism in the south pacific
Lecture 13 tourism in the south pacific
 
Lecture 12 tourism in australia and new zealand
Lecture 12   tourism in australia and new zealandLecture 12   tourism in australia and new zealand
Lecture 12 tourism in australia and new zealand
 
Lecture 11 tourism in east asia
Lecture 11   tourism in east asiaLecture 11   tourism in east asia
Lecture 11 tourism in east asia
 
Lecture 9 tourism in south asia
Lecture 9   tourism in south asiaLecture 9   tourism in south asia
Lecture 9 tourism in south asia
 
Lecture 9 tourism in south asia-1
Lecture 9   tourism in south asia-1Lecture 9   tourism in south asia-1
Lecture 9 tourism in south asia-1
 
Lecture 8 tourism in central asia
Lecture 8   tourism in central asiaLecture 8   tourism in central asia
Lecture 8 tourism in central asia
 
Lecture 7 tourism in the middle east and north africa
Lecture 7   tourism in the middle east and north africaLecture 7   tourism in the middle east and north africa
Lecture 7 tourism in the middle east and north africa
 
Lecture 6 tourism in sub-saharan africa
Lecture 6   tourism in sub-saharan africaLecture 6   tourism in sub-saharan africa
Lecture 6 tourism in sub-saharan africa
 
Lecture 5 tourism in latin america
Lecture 5   tourism in latin americaLecture 5   tourism in latin america
Lecture 5 tourism in latin america
 
Lecture 4 tourism in the caribbean
Lecture 4   tourism in the caribbeanLecture 4   tourism in the caribbean
Lecture 4 tourism in the caribbean
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureEric D. Schabell
 
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer ServicePicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer ServiceRenan Moreira de Oliveira
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6DianaGray10
 
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfSpring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfAnna Loughnan Colquhoun
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPathCommunity
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding TeamAdam Moalla
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?SANGHEE SHIN
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioChristian Posta
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Commit University
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaborationbruanjhuli
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAshyamraj55
 
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AIRAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AIUdaiappa Ramachandran
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7DianaGray10
 
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial DataCloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial DataSafe Software
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
 
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer ServicePicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
PicPay - GenAI Finance Assistant - ChatGPT for Customer Service
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
 
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfSpring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
 
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AIRAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
RAG Patterns and Vector Search in Generative AI
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
 
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial DataCloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
Cloud Revolution: Exploring the New Wave of Serverless Spatial Data
 

Lecture 2 impacts of tourism global dist

  • 1. TDM 458 Ara Pachmayer Global Distribution of Tourism
  • 3. Global Regional Tourism Now • Middle East (-8%) and North Africa (-9%) were the only sub-regions to record declines in arrivals in 2011. Why? • Europe was the fastest growing region in 2011 • 2000-2010 – Middle East Growth at 9.6% a year (declining in 2011) – Central America at 6.2% a year – Asia at about 6.3% a year – Africa at 6.4% a year (declining in 2011) – N. America, Caribbean, Western Europe, Oceania all stagnation over decade.
  • 4. World’s Top Tourism Destinations (2010)
  • 5. World’s Top Tourism Destinations (2011)
  • 6. World’s Top Tourism Earners (2010)
  • 7. World’s Top Tourism Earners (2011)
  • 8. World’s Top Tourism Spenders (2010)
  • 9. World’s Top Tourism Spenders (2011)
  • 10. Travel by Type of Tourism (2010)
  • 11. Travel by Type of Tourism (2011)
  • 12. Travel by Means of Transport (2010)
  • 13. Travel by Means of Transport (2011)
  • 15. Growth of International Tourism • 1950 25 million • 1960 69 million • 1970 166 million • 1980 277 million • 1990 457 million • 2000 698 million • 2006 842 million • 2007 903 million • 2008 922 million • 2009 880 million • 2010 940 million • 2011 983 million
  • 16. Current Trends In International Tourism • In 1950, the top 15 destinations absorbed 98% of all international tourist arrivals • In 1970, the proportion was 75% • In 2007, this fell to 57%
  • 19. International Tourist Arrivals by region (2010)
  • 20. Negative Growth in 2009 • Global economic crisis had a major impact on tourism in 2009 • Tourism started to rebound in 2010 more so in developing countries • Trends? – 2011 – 2015 and beyond?
  • 21. Current Global Issues?? • What global issues is the world facing today? • How do these impact tourism?
  • 22. Current issues in Global Tourism • Safety and Security • Political Stability • Health • Swine Flu/Other outbreaks • Economic Recession • Pro-Poor Development/Equity • Ecological Sustainability
  • 23. Current Issues in Global Tourism • New Markets and Products • New and Emerging Destinations • Education and Training • Cross-Border Cooperation - EU • Sovereignty • Migration • Climate Change • Technology and E-tourism
  • 24. International Travel • Passports • Visas • Restrictions • Embassies and Consulates • International Relations
  • 25. What are regions? • Areas that are linked together by some socio-spatial, physical, or economic variables
  • 27. Lesson on Geography • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZ9alkKF3N
  • 29. Impacts of Tourism • Benefits and Disadvantages – Economic – Social – Cultural – Environment
  • 30. Benefits of Tourism - Economic • Provides employment opportunities • Generates foreign exchange • Increases personal income & GNP • Can be built on existing infrastructure • Develops new infrastructure that will also stimulate local commerce and industry
  • 31. Benefits of Tourism - Economic • Can be developed with local products and resources • Diversifies the economy – So economies are less vulnerable to recessions, etc. • Tends to be compatible with other economic activities • Spreads development • High multiplier impact • Increases governmental revenues – Hotel taxes – Bed taxes – which typically only the tourist will pay
  • 32. Disadvantages of Tourism - Economic • Results in high “leakage” – money leaving the economy • Creates difficulties of seasonality – Many destinations have off season where businesses close, etc. • Causes inflation – Prices may increase for residents • Can result in unbalanced economic development • Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes
  • 33. Benefits of Tourism - Social • Broadens educational and cultural horizons • Improves quality of life - higher incomes and improved standards of living • Provides tourist and recreational facilities that may be used by a local population
  • 34. Disadvantages of Tourism - Social • Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts – Popener – image of the Pope on a bottle opener below • Creates conflicts/misunderstandings in/with the host society • Contributes to disease, economic fluctuation, and transportation problems • Day-to-day activities – Increased pace of life – Congestion and crowding – Competition for leisure resources – (beaches, restaurants)
  • 35. All Cultures are Dynamic • Cultures change and evolve due to: – Internal forces – External forces • Acculturation Culture
  • 37. Benefits of Tourism - Cultural • Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition • Visitor interest in local culture provides employment for artists, musicians and other performing artists enhancing cultural heritage • Breaks down language barriers, socio-cultural barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political barriers, and religious barriers • Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination • Promotes a global community • Promotes international understanding and peace • Generate cultural understanding and awareness
  • 38. Disadvantages of Tourism - Cultural Morality and social norms • Change sexual norms and behavior • Kissing in Public, prostitution, crime, shift in dress and behavior to imitate tourists • Weaken family structures and shifts in family behaviors • Divorce rate • Shift in importance of traditional religious practices • Which may become tourist attractions
  • 39. • Justification for conservation and environmental protection – Tourism promotes conservation activities by convincing politicians, government officials and the general public about the importance of natural areas for generating income from tourism. • Direct economic support for conservation (some amount of revenue is directly spent on conservation)- User Fees Benefits of Tourism - Environmental
  • 40. Disadvantages of Tourism - Environmental • Degrades the natural environment and creates pollution – Cars, buses, recreation vehicles • Energy (Energy consumption by tourists is four times higher than locals) • Flora – Alien seeds carried by tourists – Illegal collection of plants by tourists – Tramping by tourists – Tourism related erosion problems • Fauna – Wildlife dependency on tourists – Photographing by tourists – Chasing animals by tourists – Vehicular traffic disturbance
  • 41. Disadvantages of Tourism - Environmental Buying souvenirs (endangered plants and animals products)
  • 42. Disadvantages of Tourism - Environmental Littering • Nonbiodegradable wastes Collected trash from Mt Everest Year Oxygen Bottles Used Batteries Empty Fuel Canisters 1995 140 200 100 1998 157 520 216
  • 43. Other impacts • Noise pollution • Landscape • Visual pollution (eg. graffiti)

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. This is posted in Learning Module 1 under additional readings. We will refer to this throughout the semester so download and read it now! This is an annual publication and represents statistics from 2011 While it is mostly facts and figures which can sometime be boring, look closer! It provides a mirror of economic health for individuals and communities. So many people travel and we all are essentially purchasing the same product when we travel.
  2. -Malaysia is a new entry to the list in 2010
  3. In 2011 the top 5 destinations remain the same, just switch order a bit. Turkey and the UK switch. We might see the UK higher next year because . . . (remember the statistics are from the prior year) of the 2012 Olympics! -Mexico is still hanging on to their spot even with the impacts of cartel violence and swine flu on tourism Malaysia was a new entry in 2012 and remains in the top 10 but growth slowed quite a bit From 09 – 10 gained 1 million visitors From 10 – 11 gained only about 100,000 visitors
  4. Some things to note . . Hong Kong shows up on the list even though it is a part of China. It is measured separately since it has a large tourism impact Australia - when using the US$ above there is an 18.6% change in tourism receipts but when you use local currency the change is much lower as the US$ is worth less.
  5. Top 5 remain the same and earnings grew in all the top 5 for the 1 st time since 2008 Macao which is also a part of China edges out Turkey
  6. In 2010 Germans spend the most overall! But Australians spend the most per capita. Why do you think this is? Some reasons might be Takes longer for Australians to get anywhere in the world so they may stay longer and therefore spend more. What others can you think of?
  7. Stats are fairly the same for 2011, just the order and amounts change. Expenditures up for all countries except Japan – most likely from decrease in travel by Japanese due to earthquake and tsunami Again Australia still spends the most per capita
  8. In 2010, just over half of all international tourist arrivals were motivated by leisure, recreation and holidays (51%) – a total of 458 million. Business travel accounted for some 15% (138 million), and 27% represented travel for other purposes, such as visiting friends and relatives (VFR), religious reasons/pilgrimages, health treatment, etc. (240 million). The purpose of visit for the remaining 7% of arrivals was not specified.
  9. 2011 it’s the same! % are the same though the actual amounts change
  10. Slightly more than half of arrivals travelled by air transport (51%) in 2010, while the remainder arrived in their destinations by surface transport (49%) – whether by road (41%), rail (2%) or over water (6%) (cruise, yachts, ferries, etc). Over time, the trend has been for air transport to grow at a faster pace than surface transport, so the share of air transport is gradually increasing. Though rail is becoming more popular due in part to rising fuel costs and increased concern for the environment
  11. Again in 2011 it’s the same
  12. 1990 – 400 million traveling internationally 2010 – Now more than double that and people are spending more too We can clearly see the dip related to the 200 recession too
  13. This represents the number of people traveling Despite occasional shocks, international tourist arrivals have shown virtually uninterrupted growth – from 277 million in 1980 to 457 million in 1995, and 983 million in 2011. UNWTO announced that the world had seen the 1 billionth tourist recently
  14. In 1950, the top 15 destinations absorbed 98% of all international tourist arrivals. These destinations were primarily the US, Caribbean and Western Europe In 1970, the proportion was 75% In 2007, this fell to 57% Another interesting trend has to do with emerging economies. In the past, emerging economy destinations have grown faster than advanced economy destinations, and this trend is set to continue in the future. Between 2010 and 2030, arrivals to emerging economies are expected to increase at double the pace of those to advanced economies. As a result, the market share of emerging economies has increased from 30% in 1980 to 47% in 2011, and is expected to reach 57% by 2030, equivalent to over one billion international tourist arrivals. So we continue to expand beyond traditional destionations
  15. Future By 2030 estimated to be 1.8 billions people traveling internationally In the Middle East and Africa in particular massive amounts of growth are anticipated Their share is still smaller than Europe. However if the political situation in the Middle East were to stabilize that region could easily overtake arrivals in other countries due to the vast amount of tourism resources in the region
  16. Long Haul travel is expected to increase due to better air transportation for one reason
  17. For the first half of 2009, all regions, except Africa, experienced a decline in arrivals over the previous year. In the past, there has been a fairly steady annual growth of 4-6%. In 2008, however, there was only a 1.9% growth overall. Trends - depend on many factors and external influences Global Economic Crisis Instability and change in the Middle East and elsewhere For example process of democratic reforms in a place like Libya could lead to more travel in the future (once their infrastructure can support it). Also may lead to a decline in fuel prices which would have a global impact on travel.
  18. We will spend a lot of time in course discussing global issues and how they are related to tourism. Look at the list here and the next page and try to come up with some examples of each!
  19. Some things to note New markets China! More arrivals into China but also more Chinese traveling and they tend to be large spenders Niche tourism Adventure tourism Alternative or smaller scale tourism Sovereignty The Polar regions are a good example of this. Several countries make claims to the polar regions. These regions are becoming increasingly popular with tourists and sovereignty claims will impact the way tourism is developed, promoted and managed in this very fragile area. So there has to be agreement on how to manage and development tourism Migration – Why is this an issue? For VFR tourism (visiting friends and relatives). If people migrate to another country their family and friends might visit as tourists Climate Change – Maybe airplane flights will be less accessible and more regulated due to the large carbon footprint of airplanes which may impact climate change
  20. These things also impact travel and tourism We will discuss more when we talk about the Political aspects of international tourism in a later lesson
  21. We will approach this semester from a geo-political framework and consider regions of the world. Boundaries you see on maps don ’t always mean anything but a demarcation that was made ignoring, physical geography, culture, language, etc. So while we will look at individual countries throughout the semester we will take a regional approach exploring the world in sections.
  22. Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world and accounts for a significant share of the world ’ s economy. The study of the impacts of tourism has been an area of research for many years, for good reason. The way in which tourism is developed and the actual act of tourism by the traveler can leave a significant impact on a destination and its people. The impacts of tourism are multi-dimensional and can be classified into economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts.
  23. Bullet Point 4 – What does this mean? Typically infrastructure which supports tourism may already exist at a destination. Like an airport, or historical attractions or resources for residents (like Tempe Town Lake which attracts tourists but is for the use of residents.)
  24. Bullet point 3 – so a public resource may be developed for tourists and it ends up being used by the local population too
  25. Strangers in a community bring some impacts it could be both positive and negative Social contacts between two groups of people More people means more demand, longer lines at the store, more traffic on the road, and larger crowds at recreation and tourism facilities, more consumption of gas and water. Host, providers, and guest have interactions walking on the streets, stores, recreation facilities etc. Meeting different kind of people generates changes within people. This is called as social impacts These impacts could be simple to complex. Short-term (piercing) to long-term (family structure). Cultural impacts are the results of interaction between the tourists and the host or providers. It is change is the arts, artifacts, customs, rituals, and architecture.
  26. Tourists walking with only Bikinis. Body exposure is considered as immoral, and offensive Kissing in public is not socially accepted When tourists kiss in public they will be embraced (turn around) Sex for money (Thailand) Money more important than religion (Lack of lama in the monasteries) Buddhists Lack of meaning of festivals.
  27. - Tourism promotes conservation activities by convincing politicians, government officials and the general public about the importance of natural areas for generating income from tourism. Environmental awareness- For example, why should the tiger be protected. It kills people, kills livestock, scary to walk around and through the forest) Every year 5 people are killed by tigers. Many animals are killed. if environment is protected that will bring more tourists. Justification of protecting animals. If the tiger is protected, many tourists come to visit the tiger and this will generate local business and employment. Improve waste management-through providing money to keep the environment clean.
  28. Adverse effects of tourism of tourism on environment Water contamination Untreated water released from tourists accommodations Oil spills Air Cars, buses, recreation vehicles Flora Alien seeds carried by tourists Illegal collection of plants by tourists Tramping by tourists Tourism related erosion problems Forest Destruction Energy (Energy consumption by tourists is four times higher than locals) Construction tourists facilities (timber used in a hotel is enough for 5 local houses) Careless use of fire (campfire, cigarettes…) Trees for anchoring boats Fauna Wildlife viewing tourists Photographing by tourists Chasing animals by tourists birds nests, babies Vehicular traffic disturbance Souvenirs of wildlife products Coastlines/Shorelines Constructing marinas, vacation homes, or related tourist facilities Removing shells or life-forms from the water
  29. Adverse effects of tourism of tourism on environment Water contamination Untreated water released from tourists accommodations Oil spills Air Cars, buses, recreation vehicles Flora Alien seeds carried by tourists Illegal collection of plants by tourists Tramping by tourists Tourism related erosion problems Forest Destruction Energy (Energy consumption by tourists is four times higher than locals) Construction tourists facilities (timber used in a hotel is enough for 5 local houses) Careless use of fire (campfire, cigarettes…) Trees for anchoring boats Fauna Wildlife viewing tourists Photographing by tourists Chasing animals by tourists birds nests, babies Vehicular traffic disturbance Souvenirs of wildlife products Coastlines/Shorelines Constructing marinas, vacation homes, or related tourist facilities Removing shells or life-forms from the water