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ORANGE BELLIED PARROT
By Kiri
CHARACTERISTICS
Scientific name: Neophema chrysogaster
Colour
The parrots are mostly green with a yellow
undertone. They have a patch of orange
between their legs and their wings are
blue at the ends.
Size
They are, on average 20cm long and
usually weigh around 45g.
Diet
They are herbivores. They eat berries,
fruit, seeds, flowers and plants that grow
in salty conditions.
Structural and functional adaptions
They have a distinctive harsh, buzzing
alarm-like call Image:
http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/sites/www.
birdsinbackyards.net/files/factsheets/image
s/hero/Orange-
bellied%20Parrot%200135.jpg
BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTIONS
 The orange-bellied parrots breed in
Tasmania late in the year, around
October to December
 They migrate to Victoria and South
Australia after breeding season, around
January to April. It is approximately a 2
month journey.
 These birds don’t lay their eggs on
nests they lay them inside hollow
eucalypt trunks and braches.
 They lay up to 6 eggs in each clutch.
Studies have shown that out of all the
eggs only 1.7 of these are reared. This
is from natural events.
Image:
http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/54/5
43AA8D9-B400-4920-9233-
53187AAC4201/Presentation.Lar
ge/Orange-bellied-parrot-chick-
looking-out-from-nest-hole.jpg
LOCATION AND HABITAT
 The Orange-bellied parrot is endemic to South-eastern Australia.
 They live salt marsh habitats in Victoria and South Australia.
Image: http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/f493ebf4-a19b-412c-ac15-413b7d413a69/files/orange-bellied-parrot-
recovery-background.pdf
CHARACTERISTICS THAT LEAVE IT EXPOSED TO
THREATS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
Characteristics that expose it to threats
 Low fertility rate and low survival of chicks
Significance
 The OBP eat seeds from saltmarsh habitats. When
they forage around in these habitats they move the
seeds allowing them to germinate. It is unknown
what the impact would be if these parrots became
extinct but there is a possible chance that saltmarsh
habitats could stop germinating which would effect
them.
CONSERVATION STATUS
 The orange-bellied parrot was
upgraded from endangered to
critically endangered in 2007
by the Environment Protection
and Biodiversity Conservation
act (1999)
 It is estimated that there are
only around 50 parrots left in
the wild and around 300 in
captivity.
 It is suggested from recent
trends that they will become
extinct in the wild within 5
years Image:
http://bird.net.au/bird/index.php?title=
Orange-bellied_Parrot
THREATS
 Fragmentation and degradation of over-wintering
winter- rabbits and stock have damaged their area.
 Loss of saltmarsh habitat from fires and clearings
 Competition with introduced seed eaters
 Diseases
 Predators- foxes and cats
 Inbreeding due to small population
 Spread of noxious weeds.
FLORA AND FAUNA GUARANTEE ACTION
STATEMENT 1988
Intended management action- Victoria
 Monitoring
- To conduct surveys on suitable habitats
- Monitor flocks of parrots and record details
 Habitat
-Control weeds and rabbits
-Stop grazing in their areas
 Predator control
- Control feral foxes and cats
 Genetic diversity
- Collect genetic information of parrots from SA, VIC & TAS.
 Public involvment
- Let public know of the problem by making brochures and other
forms of media
RECOVERY PLANS
 In 2006 the Australian government, with state governments
and organisations such as Birdlife Australia, put together $3.2
million to protect and expand the parrot’s habitat. They did this
by –working with landholders in winter grounds (SA & VIC)
– Conserving habitats in Tasmania for breeding
–managing and enhancing breeding programs
–Controlling predators
 The Threatened Species Network Community Grants has
donated money to different projects. In 2006 the King Island
Natural Resources Management Group Inc (Tasmania) was
given $30,000 to control feral cats to protect the parrots. In
2009 the Port Fairy Golf Club Inc (Victoria) were given around
$2000 to plant roosting trees for the parrots.
CAPTIVE-BREEDING AND RELEASE PROGRAMS
 There are multiple sanctuary's and zoos around the
South eastern part of Australia that hold captive-breeding
and release programs for the Orange-bellied parrots.
Every year around 30 chicks are released into the wild
from these programs
 The Adelaide Zoo holds these parrots and breeds them.
They have been involved in
doing so since 2000. From 2000
to 2007, 23 parrots were born in
the zoo. Out of these 9 have
been released into the wild.
Image: http://www.zoossa.com.au/files/3489.jpg
NESTS
Since 1992 around 74 custom-
made nest boxes have been
spread out around Melaleuca,
Tasmania. This is to encourage
breeding and also allows for
monitoring. These boxes have
been quite successful having a
69% output per nest.
Image:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or
ange-bellied_Parrot
EVALUATION
I think that Orange-bellied Parrots are extremely likely
to become extinct. This is because they have such a
low fertility rate. If the rate of the OBP keeps getting
lower and lower it will gradually result in inbreeding.
This is not good because the recessive genes will
start being passed down, eventually leading to
deformation. There may be a slight chance of
increasing the birds population because of the
captive- breeding programs and custom- made nests
but in my opinion that’s just not enough to save the
birds. It would be a good idea to cross breed with
other birds from the Neophema genus.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pictures
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neophema_chrysogaster_male_-_Melaleuca.jpg
Information
 http://www.parrotsociety.org.au/articles/art_015.htm, parrot society, viewed 25/05/2014
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange-bellied_Parrot, Wikipedia, viewed 24/05/2014
 http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/species/Neophema-chrysogaster, birds in backyards,
viewed 24/05/2014
 http://birdlife.org.au/projects/orange-bellied-parrot-recovery, birdlife, viewed 25/05/2014
 http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/indeX.aspX?base=5136, parks, viewed 25/05/2014
 http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=747,
environment, viewed 25/05/2014
 http://bird.net.au/bird/index.php?title=Orange-bellied_Parrot , bird, viewed 25/05/2014
 http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/file.aspx?id=6783, Parks, viewed 25/05/2014
 http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/103174/043_Orange-
bellied_Parrot_1993.pdf, Department of Sustainability and Environment, viewed
25/05/2014
 http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/f493ebf4-a19b-412c-ac15-
413b7d413a69/files/orange-bellied-parrot-recovery-background.pdf, Environment, viewed
25/05/2014

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Orange Bellied Parrot - student presentation

  • 2. CHARACTERISTICS Scientific name: Neophema chrysogaster Colour The parrots are mostly green with a yellow undertone. They have a patch of orange between their legs and their wings are blue at the ends. Size They are, on average 20cm long and usually weigh around 45g. Diet They are herbivores. They eat berries, fruit, seeds, flowers and plants that grow in salty conditions. Structural and functional adaptions They have a distinctive harsh, buzzing alarm-like call Image: http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/sites/www. birdsinbackyards.net/files/factsheets/image s/hero/Orange- bellied%20Parrot%200135.jpg
  • 3. BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTIONS  The orange-bellied parrots breed in Tasmania late in the year, around October to December  They migrate to Victoria and South Australia after breeding season, around January to April. It is approximately a 2 month journey.  These birds don’t lay their eggs on nests they lay them inside hollow eucalypt trunks and braches.  They lay up to 6 eggs in each clutch. Studies have shown that out of all the eggs only 1.7 of these are reared. This is from natural events. Image: http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/54/5 43AA8D9-B400-4920-9233- 53187AAC4201/Presentation.Lar ge/Orange-bellied-parrot-chick- looking-out-from-nest-hole.jpg
  • 4. LOCATION AND HABITAT  The Orange-bellied parrot is endemic to South-eastern Australia.  They live salt marsh habitats in Victoria and South Australia. Image: http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/f493ebf4-a19b-412c-ac15-413b7d413a69/files/orange-bellied-parrot- recovery-background.pdf
  • 5. CHARACTERISTICS THAT LEAVE IT EXPOSED TO THREATS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE Characteristics that expose it to threats  Low fertility rate and low survival of chicks Significance  The OBP eat seeds from saltmarsh habitats. When they forage around in these habitats they move the seeds allowing them to germinate. It is unknown what the impact would be if these parrots became extinct but there is a possible chance that saltmarsh habitats could stop germinating which would effect them.
  • 6. CONSERVATION STATUS  The orange-bellied parrot was upgraded from endangered to critically endangered in 2007 by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation act (1999)  It is estimated that there are only around 50 parrots left in the wild and around 300 in captivity.  It is suggested from recent trends that they will become extinct in the wild within 5 years Image: http://bird.net.au/bird/index.php?title= Orange-bellied_Parrot
  • 7. THREATS  Fragmentation and degradation of over-wintering winter- rabbits and stock have damaged their area.  Loss of saltmarsh habitat from fires and clearings  Competition with introduced seed eaters  Diseases  Predators- foxes and cats  Inbreeding due to small population  Spread of noxious weeds.
  • 8. FLORA AND FAUNA GUARANTEE ACTION STATEMENT 1988 Intended management action- Victoria  Monitoring - To conduct surveys on suitable habitats - Monitor flocks of parrots and record details  Habitat -Control weeds and rabbits -Stop grazing in their areas  Predator control - Control feral foxes and cats  Genetic diversity - Collect genetic information of parrots from SA, VIC & TAS.  Public involvment - Let public know of the problem by making brochures and other forms of media
  • 9. RECOVERY PLANS  In 2006 the Australian government, with state governments and organisations such as Birdlife Australia, put together $3.2 million to protect and expand the parrot’s habitat. They did this by –working with landholders in winter grounds (SA & VIC) – Conserving habitats in Tasmania for breeding –managing and enhancing breeding programs –Controlling predators  The Threatened Species Network Community Grants has donated money to different projects. In 2006 the King Island Natural Resources Management Group Inc (Tasmania) was given $30,000 to control feral cats to protect the parrots. In 2009 the Port Fairy Golf Club Inc (Victoria) were given around $2000 to plant roosting trees for the parrots.
  • 10. CAPTIVE-BREEDING AND RELEASE PROGRAMS  There are multiple sanctuary's and zoos around the South eastern part of Australia that hold captive-breeding and release programs for the Orange-bellied parrots. Every year around 30 chicks are released into the wild from these programs  The Adelaide Zoo holds these parrots and breeds them. They have been involved in doing so since 2000. From 2000 to 2007, 23 parrots were born in the zoo. Out of these 9 have been released into the wild. Image: http://www.zoossa.com.au/files/3489.jpg
  • 11. NESTS Since 1992 around 74 custom- made nest boxes have been spread out around Melaleuca, Tasmania. This is to encourage breeding and also allows for monitoring. These boxes have been quite successful having a 69% output per nest. Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or ange-bellied_Parrot
  • 12. EVALUATION I think that Orange-bellied Parrots are extremely likely to become extinct. This is because they have such a low fertility rate. If the rate of the OBP keeps getting lower and lower it will gradually result in inbreeding. This is not good because the recessive genes will start being passed down, eventually leading to deformation. There may be a slight chance of increasing the birds population because of the captive- breeding programs and custom- made nests but in my opinion that’s just not enough to save the birds. It would be a good idea to cross breed with other birds from the Neophema genus.
  • 13. BIBLIOGRAPHY Pictures  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neophema_chrysogaster_male_-_Melaleuca.jpg Information  http://www.parrotsociety.org.au/articles/art_015.htm, parrot society, viewed 25/05/2014  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange-bellied_Parrot, Wikipedia, viewed 24/05/2014  http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/species/Neophema-chrysogaster, birds in backyards, viewed 24/05/2014  http://birdlife.org.au/projects/orange-bellied-parrot-recovery, birdlife, viewed 25/05/2014  http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/indeX.aspX?base=5136, parks, viewed 25/05/2014  http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=747, environment, viewed 25/05/2014  http://bird.net.au/bird/index.php?title=Orange-bellied_Parrot , bird, viewed 25/05/2014  http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/file.aspx?id=6783, Parks, viewed 25/05/2014  http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/103174/043_Orange- bellied_Parrot_1993.pdf, Department of Sustainability and Environment, viewed 25/05/2014  http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/f493ebf4-a19b-412c-ac15- 413b7d413a69/files/orange-bellied-parrot-recovery-background.pdf, Environment, viewed 25/05/2014