Introductory Statistics

Introductory Statistics Brian Wells, MSM, MPH With contributions from I. Alan Fein, MD, MPH

[object Object],[object Object],Intro to Statistics

Statistics – What’s It All About? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Statistics and the “Truth” ,[object Object],[object Object]

Statistics – Based on Probability and Multiple Assumptions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Statistics & the “Truth” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Statistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Null Hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Normality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why Is the Normal Distribution Important? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Why Examine the Data? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Beware small samples! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Variability of Measurements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Mean ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Standard Deviation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Single Sample Means ,[object Object]

Confidence Intervals ,[object Object],[object Object]

Errors of Analysis/Detection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Errors of Analysis TRUE STATE DECISION Null Hypothesis is Correct Null Hypothesis is wrong Reject Null Hypothesis as Incorrect – i.e., find a difference Type I ERROR probability = CORRECT probability = 1- "power" Accept Null Hypothesis – decide that there are no effects or differences CORRECT probability = 1 - Type II ERROR probability =

Statistical Significance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Two-Sample t -Test for Means (unequal variance) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Critical Values ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What does it mean? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Analytics Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introductory Statistics

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Introductory Statistics