INTERPERSONAL AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS CHAPTER 12

1. PRESENTATIO
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MANAGINMANAGIN
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2. DEFINITIONS OF EMOTIONS
It is difficult to define emotion because it
involves so many elements including
feelings. Let us take a look at the
definitions given by some scholars.
In his book 'Principles of Psychology',
William James, a scholar and psychologist,
describes emotion as "Our natural way of
thinking about”.
Some scholars also believe that the bodily
changes follow directly the perception of
the exciting fact and that our feeling of the
changes as they occur is the emotion.

3. CONTINUATIOCONTINUATIO
NNDefinition of emotion can be found in the bookDefinition of emotion can be found in the book
'The Emotions: Outline of a Theory','The Emotions: Outline of a Theory', wherewhere Jean-Jean-
Paul SartrePaul Sartre, mentioned ", mentioned "We merely state that theyWe merely state that they
(emotions) are all(emotions) are all ““TANTAMOUNT”TANTAMOUNT” to setting up ato setting up a
magical world by using the body as a meansmagical world by using the body as a means
““INCANTATIONINCANTATION".".
Emotions are ourEmotions are our “AFFECTIVE”“AFFECTIVE” responses toresponses to
changing relationships between ourselves and thechanging relationships between ourselves and the
environmentenvironment ( by Lazarus, 1991).( by Lazarus, 1991).

4. CONTINUATICONTINUATI
ONONEmotions may change in different situations orEmotions may change in different situations or
contexts.contexts.
For example, if the day is bright and shining weFor example, if the day is bright and shining we
feel like singing and dancing merrily.feel like singing and dancing merrily.
Emotions are not only feelings but also includeEmotions are not only feelings but also include
other elements such asother elements such as facial or voicefacial or voice
expressions, physiological changes,expressions, physiological changes, andand
changes in action tendencies or actionchanges in action tendencies or action
readiness.readiness.

5. CONTINUATIO
NEmotions have many dimensions that are
signaled by internal physiological changes,
manifested by non-verbal reactions, and defined
by cognitive interpretations.
For example, when we are angry, our heartbeat
may increase or our blood pressure may rise
(physiological changes). Then, we may sweat or
our gestures may change (non-verbal reactions),
and finally the mind will determine how we feel
and learn to control or manage the anger.

6. FACTORSFACTORS
INFLUENCEDINFLUENCED
Expression of emotions is very muchExpression of emotions is very much
influenced by the following factors: byinfluenced by the following factors: by
Adler and Rosenfeld, 1999).Adler and Rosenfeld, 1999).
1) CULTURE1) CULTURE
2) GENDER2) GENDER
3) SOCIAL ROLES3) SOCIAL ROLES
4) SOCIAL CONVENTIONS4) SOCIAL CONVENTIONS
5) EMOTIONAL CONTAGION5) EMOTIONAL CONTAGION
6) SELF-DISCLOSURE ANXIETY6) SELF-DISCLOSURE ANXIETY

7. CONTINUATIOCONTINUATIO
NN1) CULTURE
o DIFFERENT CULTURE HAS DIFFERENT
VALUES AND COMMUNICATION
BEHAVIORS.
2) GENDER
o WOMEN ARE SAID TO BE MORE SENSITIVE
TO THE FEELINGS OF OTHERS THAN MEN.
3) SOCIAL ROLES
o PEOPLE ARE TAUGHT TO BEHAVE
APPROPRIATELY IN THEIR DESIGNATIONS.

8. CONTINUATIOCONTINUATIO
NN4) SOCIAL CONVENTIONS
 CERTAIN SOCIAL RULES DISCOURAGE PEOPLE TO
REVEAL THEIR NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE EMOTIONS
SUCH AS ANGER OR HAPPINESS TO OTHER IN
PUBLIC.
5) EMOTIONAL CONTAGION
 OUR EMOTION CAN BE CONTAGIOUS.A SAD
PERSON MAY END UP HAPPY AFTER
COMMUNICATING WITH A HAPPY PERSON OR VICE
VERSA.
6) SELF-DISCLOSURE ANXIETY
 SOME PEOPLE HIDE THEIR EMOTIONS TO AVOID
REVEALING THEIR WEAKNESSES TO OTHER
PEOPLE.

9. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
In conclusion, emotion is difficult to define
because it comprises of many aspects of
communication behaviors and values of the
communicators.
However, scholars agree that emotion is made
up of several components namely physiological
changes, non-verbal reactions, and cognitive
interpretations of the communicators.

10. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
In conclusion, emotion is difficult to define
because it comprises of many aspects of
communication behaviors and values of the
communicators.
However, scholars agree that emotion is made
up of several components namely physiological
changes, non-verbal reactions, and cognitive
interpretations of the communicators.