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Björn Brembs
Freie Universität Berlin
  Universität Leipzig
Universität Regensburg
  http://brembs.net
Björn Brembs
Freie Universität Berlin
  Universität Leipzig
Universität Regensburg
  http://brembs.net
Dysfunctional scholarly
literature
• Limited access
• Limited access
• No global search
• Limited access
• No global search
• No hyperlinks
•   Limited access
•   No global search
•   No hyperlinks
•   No data visualization
•   Limited access
•   No global search
•   No hyperlinks
•   No data visualization
•   No submission
    standards
• Limited access
• No global search
• No hyperlinks
• No data visualization
• No submission
  standards
• (Almost) no statistics
• Limited access
• No global search
• No hyperlinks
• No data visualization
• No submission
  standards
• (Almost) no statistics
• No text/data-mining
• Limited access
• No global search
• No hyperlinks
• No data visualization
• No submission
  standards
• (Almost) no statistics
• No text/data-mining
• No effective way to
  sort, filter and discover
•   Limited access
                 •   No global search
                 •   No hyperlinks
                 •   No data visualization
                 •   No submission
                     standards
                 •   (Almost) no statistics
                 •   No text/data-mining
                 •   No effective way to
                     sort, filter and discover
…it’s like the   •   No scientific impact
                     analysis
web in 1995!     •   No networking feature
                 •   etc.
Scientific data in peril
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Non-existent software
archives
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Technically feasible today (almost)

• No more corporate publishers – libraries
  archive everything and make it publicly
  accessible according to a world-wide
  standard

• Single semantic, decentralized database
  of literature, data and software
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Source Normalized Impact per Paper




      •   Thomson Reuters: Impact Factor
      •   Eigenfactor (now Thomson Reuters)
      •   ScImago JournalRank (SJR)
      •   Scopus: SNIP, SJR
Only read publications from high-ranking journals
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Publikationstätigkeit
(vollständige Publikationsliste, darunter Originalarbeiten als Erstautor/in,
Seniorautor/in, Impact-Punkte insgesamt und in den letzten 5 Jahren,
darunter jeweils gesondert ausgewiesen als Erst- und Seniorautor/in,
persönlicher Scientific Citations Index (SCI, h-Index nach Web of
Science) über alle Arbeiten)




Publications:
Complete list of publications, including original research papers as first
author, senior author, impact points total and in the last 5 years, with
marked first and last-authorships, personal Scientific Citations Index
(SCI, h-Index according to Web of Science) for all publications.
Only read publications from high-ranking journals
Only publish in high-ranking journals
Lies, damn lies and
bibliometrics
Introduced in 1950’s by Eugene Garfield: ISI


                                                           citations
                                               C12         published

articles           A1                                          time
published                        A2

                  year 1        year 2        year 3
Introduced in 1950’s by Eugene Garfield: ISI


                                                           citations
                                              100          published

articles           40                                          time
published                        60

                  year 1        year 2        year 3
Journal X IF 2010=


 All citations from TR indexed journals in 2012 to papers in journal X

    Number of citable articles published in journal X in 20010/11




      €30,000-130,000/year subscription rates
  Covers ~11,500 journals (Scopus covers ~16,500)
• Negotiable


• Irreproducible


• Mathematically
  unsound
• PLoS Medicine, IF 2-11 (8.4)
 (The PLoS Medicine Editors (2006) The Impact Factor Game. PLoS Med 3(6): e291.
 http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0030291)




• Current Biology IF from 7 to 11 in
  2003
  – Bought by Cell Press (Elsevier) in 2001…
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
Limited access is a symptom, not the disease
• Rockefeller University Press bought their
      data from Thomson Reuters
    • Up to 19% deviation from published records
    • Second dataset still not correct




Rossner M, van Epps H, Hill E (2007): Show
me the data. The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol.
179, No. 6, 1091-1092
http://jcb.rupress.org/cgi/content/full/179/6/1091
• Left-skewed distributions
      • Weak correlation of individual article citation
        rate with journal IF




Seglen PO (1997): Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research. BMJ 1997;314(7079):497 (15 February)
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/314/7079/497
Data from: Fang, F., & Casadevall, A. (2011). RETRACTED SCIENCE AND THE RETRACTION INDEX Infection and Immunity DOI: 10.1128/IAI.05661-11
"Not everything that can be counted
counts, and not everything that
counts can be counted."
Corporate publishers‘ profits
can easily finance all reforms


Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/wakingtiger/3156791383/sizes/m/in/photostream/
4b € per year for 10,000 university libraries:
      400,000 € per year per library

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Limited access is a symptom, not the disease

  • 1. Björn Brembs Freie Universität Berlin Universität Leipzig Universität Regensburg http://brembs.net
  • 2. Björn Brembs Freie Universität Berlin Universität Leipzig Universität Regensburg http://brembs.net
  • 5. • Limited access • No global search
  • 6. • Limited access • No global search • No hyperlinks
  • 7. Limited access • No global search • No hyperlinks • No data visualization
  • 8. Limited access • No global search • No hyperlinks • No data visualization • No submission standards
  • 9. • Limited access • No global search • No hyperlinks • No data visualization • No submission standards • (Almost) no statistics
  • 10. • Limited access • No global search • No hyperlinks • No data visualization • No submission standards • (Almost) no statistics • No text/data-mining
  • 11. • Limited access • No global search • No hyperlinks • No data visualization • No submission standards • (Almost) no statistics • No text/data-mining • No effective way to sort, filter and discover
  • 12. Limited access • No global search • No hyperlinks • No data visualization • No submission standards • (Almost) no statistics • No text/data-mining • No effective way to sort, filter and discover …it’s like the • No scientific impact analysis web in 1995! • No networking feature • etc.
  • 21. Technically feasible today (almost) • No more corporate publishers – libraries archive everything and make it publicly accessible according to a world-wide standard • Single semantic, decentralized database of literature, data and software
  • 25. Source Normalized Impact per Paper • Thomson Reuters: Impact Factor • Eigenfactor (now Thomson Reuters) • ScImago JournalRank (SJR) • Scopus: SNIP, SJR
  • 26. Only read publications from high-ranking journals
  • 28. Publikationstätigkeit (vollständige Publikationsliste, darunter Originalarbeiten als Erstautor/in, Seniorautor/in, Impact-Punkte insgesamt und in den letzten 5 Jahren, darunter jeweils gesondert ausgewiesen als Erst- und Seniorautor/in, persönlicher Scientific Citations Index (SCI, h-Index nach Web of Science) über alle Arbeiten) Publications: Complete list of publications, including original research papers as first author, senior author, impact points total and in the last 5 years, with marked first and last-authorships, personal Scientific Citations Index (SCI, h-Index according to Web of Science) for all publications.
  • 29. Only read publications from high-ranking journals
  • 30. Only publish in high-ranking journals
  • 31. Lies, damn lies and bibliometrics
  • 32. Introduced in 1950’s by Eugene Garfield: ISI citations C12 published articles A1 time published A2 year 1 year 2 year 3
  • 33. Introduced in 1950’s by Eugene Garfield: ISI citations 100 published articles 40 time published 60 year 1 year 2 year 3
  • 34. Journal X IF 2010= All citations from TR indexed journals in 2012 to papers in journal X Number of citable articles published in journal X in 20010/11 €30,000-130,000/year subscription rates Covers ~11,500 journals (Scopus covers ~16,500)
  • 35. • Negotiable • Irreproducible • Mathematically unsound
  • 36. • PLoS Medicine, IF 2-11 (8.4) (The PLoS Medicine Editors (2006) The Impact Factor Game. PLoS Med 3(6): e291. http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0030291) • Current Biology IF from 7 to 11 in 2003 – Bought by Cell Press (Elsevier) in 2001…
  • 39. • Rockefeller University Press bought their data from Thomson Reuters • Up to 19% deviation from published records • Second dataset still not correct Rossner M, van Epps H, Hill E (2007): Show me the data. The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 179, No. 6, 1091-1092 http://jcb.rupress.org/cgi/content/full/179/6/1091
  • 40. • Left-skewed distributions • Weak correlation of individual article citation rate with journal IF Seglen PO (1997): Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research. BMJ 1997;314(7079):497 (15 February) http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/314/7079/497
  • 41. Data from: Fang, F., & Casadevall, A. (2011). RETRACTED SCIENCE AND THE RETRACTION INDEX Infection and Immunity DOI: 10.1128/IAI.05661-11
  • 42. "Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted."
  • 43. Corporate publishers‘ profits can easily finance all reforms Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/wakingtiger/3156791383/sizes/m/in/photostream/
  • 44. 4b € per year for 10,000 university libraries: 400,000 € per year per library