SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 62
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Learning Objectives



MBTI Module 1: Introduction to the
Myers-Briggs Type Instrument
Course Description
Exceptional veterinary teams are comprised of individuals who
understand their personal strengths. They apply this knowledge
in their collaborative and leadership capacities, resulting in
improved professional practice and personal morale based on
increased abilities to be effective in interpersonal relationships,
communication, and decision making.
The purpose of Module 1 is the acquisition of powerful
information and insights that will help you understand your
personal strengths in order to enhance your contribution to
your veterinary team and to promote your effectiveness in
relationships at home, at school, and in life.
                                                                      Course Content
Learning Objectives
◆ Learn the purposes of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)        Optional and Recommended: Take the MBTI
  personality tool.                                                   Part 1: The MBTI Tool
◆ Know how the MBTI is similar to and different from other            Personality assessment and the veterinary team
  personality inventories.                                              Increasing self-awareness
                                                                        Understanding individual differences
◆ Understand the concept of “personality type.”
                                                                      Part 2: Understanding Type
Optional and Recommended                                              Benefits of understanding personality type
◆ Complete the MBTI. Register at myEVT.com.
                                                                      Part 3: MBTI Comparison
◆ Review your assessment report to become aware of your
                                                                      How the MBTI compares to other psychological tests
  type preferences.                                                     What makes the MBTI similar
                                                                        What makes the MBTI unique
Achieve an increased awareness of your thoughts,
                                                                      Part 4: Carl Jung
     feelings, and behaviors:
                                                                      What is personality type?
      ◆ How you prefer to become energized.                             Personality type theory
      ◆ How you prefer to take in information.                          Recommended reading
      ◆ How you prefer to make decisions.
                                                                      Part 5: The Four Dichotomies
                                                                      The building blocks of personality type
        How you prefer to approach life.                                The four dichotomies
                                                                        The spice of life
     Recognize and respect your strengths and challenges.               Exercise

 Develop awareness of how preference dichotomies impact               Part 6: The Eight Preferences
  others’ thinking, feeling, and behaviors.                           Understanding your preferences
                                                                        The eight preferences
   Grasp that all preferences are equally valuable and useful.
                                                                      Required Materials
                                                                         Required course content is online.
Be motivated to use what you have learned to benefit yourself
                                                                      Optional and recommended
   and others with whom you work or interact, such as                   Take the MBTI online at the EVT discounted price.
       the members of your veterinary team!



  1The MBTI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
   Tool       Type            Comparison 4 Carl 5 The 4
                                           Jung   Dichotomies 6 The 8
                                                                Preferences
1 The MBTI Tool

        By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC

                                                1                2
                                                                                                               The purpose
                                    3     4                 5
                                                                                                               of learning
                                                                                                               about type is
            6                             7                      8           9       10    11                  to help you
                                                                                                               understand
   12            13     14                                 15                16                  17            yourself
    P E RS O N A L I T Y
                 18                                                    19            20
                                                                                                               better and to
                                                                                                               enhance your
                 21
                     Y                          22   23          24                        25
                                                                                                               relationships

            26
                     P                   27
                                                                                                               with others.
                                                                                                               —Isabel
               A S S E S S ME N T
                        28    29    30                           31
                                                                                                                 Briggs
                                                                                                                 Myers



                             and the Veterinary Team
                                                                                          • Understanding individual
                                                                                            differences. Social awareness is the
                      The purpose of the MBTI personality inventory is to make              key to working well with others and
                      the theory of psychological types described by Carl G. Jung           the MBTI instrument helps people
                      understandable and applicable. The essence of the theory is           understand the differences in how
                      that much seemingly random variation in people’s behavior             people work and interact.
                      is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic
                      differences in the way individuals prefer to:                       Using these powerful insights we can
                                                                                          discover how each person’s unique
                      • Get energized
                                                                                          personality type contributes to team
                      • Take in information
                                                                                          performance. Plus, we can learn new
  The Myers-          • Make decisions, and
                                                                                          ways to increase collaboration and
  Briggs Type         • Approach life.
                                                                                          improve relationships, productivity,
     Indicator                                                                            and efficiency at work by considering
   (MBTI) is a        These preferences are innate and hard-wired, in much the
                                                                                          all points of view. ●
valuable tool         same way that you are born with a preference for either
 for personal         right- or left-handedness.
development                                                                                           notes
                      When combined, your preferences form one of 16 unique
       and for
                      personality types, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.
      building        No type is inherently better or worse than any others. By
 healthy and          understanding your type, and the type preferences of those
   productive         around you, you gain powerful insights into maximizing your
    veterinary        own effectiveness and your ability to work with others.
  health care
       teams.         The MBTI tool is great for:
                      • Increasing self-awareness.
                        Self-awareness alone is a compelling predictor of success at
                        work and accounts for one third of job performance.
                        Awareness of your unique personality profile is an essential
                        starting point.



    1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
     Tool       Type            Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
                                             Carl   The 4
                                                                6 The 8
                                                                  Preferences
2 Understanding Type

       By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC




Benefits of Understanding

Personality
Ty Pe
U
        nderstanding and applying a
        knowledge of personality type
        leads to:

• Enhanced leadership
• Improved teamwork
• Clearer communications
• Greater utilization of personal
  strengths
• Reduced conflicts
• Improved decision making
• Increased morale

In developing the MBTI, the aim of
Isabel Briggs Myers, and her mother,
Katharine Briggs, was to make the
insights of type theory easy to grasp.
                                                                      notes
After more than 50 years, the MBTI
assessment continues to be the best
known and most trusted personality
tool available today. More than 2
million assessments are administered to
individuals annually. ●

                     From developing more productive work teams
                     to building closer families, the MBTI can
                     improve the quality of life for anyone and any
                     organization.




      1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
       Tool       Type            Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
                                               Carl   The 4
                                                                  6 The 8
                                                                    Preferences
3 MBTI Comparison

         By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC



How MBTI Compares to Other
Psychological Tests
                                              The Myers-Briggs Type MBTI Indicator (MBTI)
                                              is a psychological instrument that provides               What Makes MBTI Unique
                                              information about Jungian-based personality or
                                                                                                        • The MBTI instrument does not evaluate
                                               psychological types. It is not considered to be a          mental health; there are no bad or
                                               test or evaluation instrument, and there are no            unhealthy results.
                                                right or wrong answers. The responses to the
                                                                                                        • The MBTI instrument sorts individuals
                                                questions give an indication of the person’s              into opposite categories, both of which
                                                 psychological type, and all types are positive or        are desirable. Many instruments
                                                 good.                                                    measure the amount or degree of a trait,
                                                     The MBTI is similar to other psychological           such as shyness or detail-orientation.
                                                  instruments in that it is designed to assess some       Usually, it is desirable to have more or
                                                  qualities of an individual’s personality. People        less of a trait, whereas with the MBTI
                                                   are asked to respond to questions about their          instrument both categories are desirable.
                                                   preferences in various situations, and the result    • The MBTI instrument does not compare
                                                    is an indicated “type” of personality. Knowing        your results to those of other people; it
                                                    one’s type gives insight into motives, behaviors,     does not evaluate you by comparing you
                                                     and interactions with others.                        to any normal or pathological standard.
                                                                                                        • The MBTI instrument describes the
                          The MBTI instrument is unlike many other psychological instruments              interaction between all preferences
in that it is not an assessment of mental health, intelligence, or unhealthy personality types or         (called type dynamics) to create a whole
patterns. The common psychological instrument may tell you, among other things, where you                 type pattern rather than just adding up
are deficient, lacking or disturbed. It is not possible to have an MBTI result that is bad or             the qualities of each separate preference.
unhealthy. The MBTI instrument is intended for self-discovery—what is right with you.                   • The MBTI instrument allows you to
   It does not measure amounts of personality traits or quantities of thought or behavior. Most           determine your own personality type
psychological instruments report high or low amounts of a good or bad trait. The MBTI                     through a personal verification process,
                                                                                                          leaving the final assessment of your type
instrument sorts personalities into different types that are qualitatively different. Just as apples
                                                                                                          in your hands.
are different from oranges, one personality type is different from other types. Trait theory would
tell you how much orange and how much apple you are.                                                    hSource: http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-
                                                                                                          type/mbti-basics/different-from-other-instruments.asp
   It does not compare your results to that of other individuals. Most psychological tests
evaluate you by comparing you to some normal or pathological standard. With the MBTI
instrument your responses are the only values used to indicate your psychological type.
                           Whether or not you are an extravert or an introvert is the important                      notes
                           issue, not how you compare to other extraverts or introverts.
The MBTI is                   It does not tell you what you are. Usually the results of a
similar to                 psychological instrument are the final word. You are depressed or
other                      dysfunctional in some way and the test told you so. With the MBTI
psychological              instrument, the type that the person reports on the Indicator is a
                           hypothesis that needs to be verified by the respondent as he or she
instruments in
                           considers the descriptions of the reported and different types. This
that it is                 leads to a best-fit type, and continued self-assessment may result in an
designed to                accurate indication of type that is different from the reported results.
assess some                Remember: you are the expert on you. It is up to you to decide how
qualities of an and if type can enhance your life. ●
individual’s             hSource: capt.org/mbti-assessment/mbti-test-comparison.htm
personality.



        1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
         Tool       Type            Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
                                                 Carl   The 4
                                                                    6 The 8
                                                                      Preferences
4 Carl Jung

        By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC




What Is
Personality
Type?
Personality type (also referred to as psychological
type) is based on the theory described by Carl Jung
that seemingly random variation in people’s
behavior is actually consistent and orderly. The
concept is a practical and convenient framework
for understanding and appreciating the differences
                                                                                                                             e people
                                                                                                               ink about th
among individuals.                                                                    Take a m   oment to th             e. You can
                                                                                                           your practic
                                                                                      you w   ork with in                ers who thin
                                                                                                                                        k
                                                                                                     ntify  team memb
An underlying personality pattern                                                     probably ide                    m you. As y
                                                                                                                                   ou
                                                                                                     d ifferently fro
results from the dynamic interaction of                                                and operate               learning mo
                                                                                                                                dule,
basic preferences, environmental
                                                                                       continue   through this                       of
                                                                                                                       see if some
influences, and our own choices. We                                                                   r attention to
                                                                                       pay particula            y be explain
                                                                                                                               ed by
tend to develop behaviors, skills, and
                                                                                        these dif ferences ma             e.
attitudes associated with our type, and                                                                     rsonality typ
                                                                                        diffe rences in pe
those with different types will likely be
opposite to you in many ways, while          Recommended Reading
                                             There are a vast number of books and articles that will
people with the same personality types       help you better understand the MBTI and how it to use
naturally have similar interests and         it. Some of classics in the field:
views, behaviors, and motivations.           1. Health Care Communication Using Personality Type:
                                                Patients are Different! Allen J—Philadelphia: Taylor and
                                                Francis, 2000.
Each type represents a valuable and
                                             2. People Types and Tiger Stripes. Lawrence G—Gainesville:
                                                                                                            notes
reasonable way to be. Each has its own          Center for Application of Psychological Type, 2000.
potential strengths, as well as its likely   3. Please Understand Me: Character and Temperament
blind spots. Awareness of differences           Types. Keirsey D, Bates—Del Mar, CA: Prometheus
                                                Nemesis Books, 1984.
between types can help people
                                             4. Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, and
understand and value other people               Intelligence. Keirsey D, Bates—Del Mar, CA:
who think and act quite differently. ●          Prometheus Nemesis Books, 1998.



Just remember that, in the words of Isabel
Myers, “Type does not explain everything. Human
personality is much more complex.”




       1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
        Tool       Type            Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
                                                Carl   The 4
                                                                   6 The 8
                                                                     Preferences
5 The 4 Dichotomoies
                                                                                               Exercise
         By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC                                                              In her studies of people and extensive reading
                                                                                               of Jung’s theories, Isabel Myers concluded
                                                                                               there were four primary ways people differed




        BUILDING
THE                                                                                            from one another. She labeled these
                                                                                               differences “preferences,” drawing a
                                                                                               similarity to “hand preferences” to illustrate
                                                                                               that although we all use both of our hands,
                                                                                               most of us have a preference for one over the
                                                                                               other and “it” takes the lead in many of the
                                                                                               activities in which we use our hands.

                                                                                               To experience this concept, try this simple




BLOCKS
                                                                                               exercise:
                                                                                               • Take out a piece of paper and sign your
                                                                                                 name as you normally do.
                                                                                               • Now, sign your name again, but this time
                                                                                                 use your other hand.

OF PERSONALITY TYPE                                                                            • How would you describe the experience of
                                                                                                 writing your name with your preferred
                                                                                                 hand?
                                                                                               • With your nonpreferred hand?
There are four key building blocks that make up our personality type. Each of the four         • Most people who try this immediately notice
building blocks is made up of a pair of opposite preferences. So there are two possible ways     a number of differences:
we can choose to use each building block at any given moment in time.                          Preferred Hand
  In type terms, these building blocks are called dichotomies and their pairs of opposite
                                                                                               • Feels natural
preferences are called poles. The MBTI reports preferences related to the following four
                                                                                               • Didn’t think about it
dichotomies.
                                                                                               • Effortless, easy
The Four Preference Dichotomies                                                                • Looks neat, legible, adult

• Extraversion/Introversion             How you prefer to get energized                        Nonpreferred Hand
                                                                                               • Feels unnatural
• Sensing/Intuition                     How you prefer to take in information
                                                                                               • Had to concentrate while doing it
• Thinking/Feeling                      How you prefer to make decisions
                                                                                               • Awkward and clumsy
• Judging/Perceiving                    How you prefer to approach life
                                                                                               • Looks childlike legible, adult

It is important to understand three key points.                                                The words used to describe the preferences
1.You can and do use each of these eight preferences at different times. We use both           for one hand over the other illustrate the
   poles at different times and in different contexts. However, we can’t use both at exactly   theory of preferences in the MBTI: You can
   the same time and we don’t use both with equal confidence.                                  use either hand when you have to, and you
2.Although you use all of the preferences, you tend to use one preference in each pair         use both hands regularly; but for writing, one
                                                                                               is natural, while the other often requires
   more than the other; one feels more comfortable, more natural. Neither is wrong.            more effort and doesn’t come quite as easily.
   You can do both, but you prefer one.
                                                                                               hSource: Introduction to Type, 6th ed. Myers IB—
3.Most importantly all eight of the preferences are equally valuable. All preferences            Palo Alto, CA:CPP, 1998.
   are equally valuable and each type brings an important point of view when people
   interact.
                                                                                                          notes
The Spice of Life                                                           “There is no
A variety of types is best for a work group or team because many views      right or wrong
are represented. Although each type approaches situations differently,      type, and there
and another person’s approach may not be what you would choose, each        are no better
way can be effective.
   For example, let’s say you have a colleague at work named Nicole.
                                                                            or worse
Nicole’s type may lead her to like doing things at the last minute, while   combinations
you are uncomfortable if everything isn’t scheduled and planned in          of types in
advance. Nicole may feel constrained when she has to plan far in            work or
advance. You are not right and Nicole wrong. Nicole is not right and        relationships.”
you wrong. Different ways, based on different personality types, work       - Isabel
for one of you and not for the other.
   Of course when you and Nicole work together, your differences can
                                                                              Briggs
be irritating. This is when knowing about personality type can help.          Myers
You can accept her way as valid and she can accept yours.


        1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
         Tool       Type            Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
                                                 Carl   The 4
                                                                    6 The 8
                                                                      Preferences
6 The 8 Preferences
                                                                                                  “Become
        By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC
                                                                                                  aware of your
                                                                                                  type biases


Understanding Your                                                                                (we all have
                                                                                                  them!) to
                                                                                                  avoid negative
                                                                                                  stereotyping.”


                          Preferences                                                             - Isabel
                                                                                                    Briggs
                                                                                                    Myers

                                              The Eight Preferences
Y    our results from the MBTI
     instrument help you become aware
of your personality preferences.
                                               How you prefer to           E    Extraversion                 I   Introversion
                                               get energized                    People who prefer                People who prefer
   A preference is what you like. You                                           extraversion tend to             introversion tend to
may like, or prefer, peppermint candy                                           focus on the outside             focus on the inner world
                                                                                world and get energy             and get energy through
over butterscotch. You may prefer                                               through interacting              reflecting on
reading over watching movies. This                                              with people and doing            information, ideas
doesn’t mean you won’t sometimes                                                things.                          and/or concepts.
choose, or be pressured to choose,             How you prefer to           S    Sensing                      N   Intuition
butterscotch candy or movies. But in           take in information              People who prefer                People who prefer
general you will prefer to choose                                               sensing tend to notice           intuition tend to pay
peppermint and reading.                                                         and trust facts, details,        attention to and trust
                                                                                and present realities.           interrelationships,
   There are no right or wrong                                                  They like to take in             theories, and future
preferences. Reading is not better than                                         information through              possibilities. They are
watching movies; each has its strengths                                         the five senses                  drawn to the big picture.
and its problems. Most people have the         How you prefer to           T    Thinking                     F   Feeling
ability to do both, even if they don’t like    make decisions                   People who prefer                People who prefer
one or the other.                                                               thinking tend to make            feeling tend to make
                                                                                decisions using                  decisions to create
   Personality type, also called                                                impartial, logical, and          harmony by applying
psychological type, is what you prefer                                          objective analysis.              person-centered values.
when you are using your mind or
focusing your attention. Studies and           How you prefer to           J    Judging                      P   Perceiving
                                               approach life                    People who prefer                People who prefer
experience have shown that there are                                            judging tend to like a           perceiving tend to adopt
consistent patterns for each person.                                            planned approach to              a more spontaneous
There are many benefits to                                                      life and are organized,          approach to life and are
                                                                                orderly, structured,             flexible, adaptable, and
understanding your own preferences,                                             and decisive.                    like to keep their
including how they affect you, how they                                                                          options open.
affect your style of communication, and                                                                     notes
how they are different from what other        Note: to avoid confusion, N is used as the abbreviation
                                              for Intuition and I for Introversion.
people prefer. Preferences allow us to
have different interests, different ways of   Four of these eight preferences (E or I, S or N, T or F,
                                              J or P) make up a person’s MBTI type, also called
behaving, and different ways of seeing        psychological or personality type. As you act on your
the world.                                    type preferences, you create a unique approach to the
   While all the preferences are equal,       world, to information, to decisions, and to other people.

each has different strengths and different    When the preferences are combined in all possible
challenges. Knowing these personality         ways, they form 16 distinct personality types.
strengths and challenges for yourself and
others can help you understand and
appreciate how everyone contributes to a
situation, a task, or the solution to a
problem.



       1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
        Tool       Type            Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
                                                Carl   The 4
                                                                   6 The 8
                                                                     Preferences
Learning Objectives



 MBTI Module 2:                                                        Course Content
 Exploring Your Preferences                                            Optional and Recommended: Take the MBTI

                                                                       Part 7: Extraversion or Introversion
                                                                       Exploring your preferences
 Course Description                                                      How do you prefer to get energized?
 Understanding personal strengths is the cornerstone for enhancing       What do extraversion and introversion look like?
 the development of exceptional veterinary teams. Through                General characteristics
 applying this awareness, individual and collaborative leadership        Extraversion and introversion in a veterinary practice
 capacities are enhanced, and all aspects of the veterinary practice     Self-assessment
 are positively impacted.
                                                                       Part 8: Sensing or Intuition
 The purpose of Module 2 is to focus on the interpretation of the      Exploring your preferences
 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality type assessment.         How do you prefer to take in information?
 Through these interpretations, 16 personality type preferences are      What do sensing and intuition look like?
 understood and can be applied in any context. Utilizing type            General characteristics
                                                                         Sensing and intuition in a veterinary practice
 preference knowledge promotes the effectiveness of your veterinary
                                                                         Self-assessment
 team to provide providing high-quality patient care, resulting in
 client adherence and loyalty…and professional satisfaction.           Part 9: Thinking or Feeling
                                                                       Exploring your preferences
 Learning Objectives                                                     How do you prefer to make decisions?
                                                                         What do thinking and feeling look like?
 Optional and Recommended:                                               Characteristics of people who prefer thinking vs feeling
 ◆ Complete the MBTI. (Register at myEVT.com.)                           Thinking and feeling in a veterinary practice
 ◆ Review your assessment report to become aware of your                 Self-assessment
   type preferences.
                                                                       Part 10: Judging or Perceiving
Learn the general characteristics of each of the eight                 Exploring your preferences
    type preferences.                                                    How do you prefer to approach life?
                                                                         What do judging and perceiving look like?
         Discover how each of the type preferences is expressed.         Characteristics of people who prefer judging vs
                                                                         perceiving
    Explore your preferences, comparing and contrasting                  Judging and perceiving in a veterinary practice
       examples to determine:                                            Self-assessment
        ◆ How you prefer to get energized.
        ◆ How you prefer to take in information.                       Part 11: Your MBTI Results
                                                                       Your self-assessment results
        ◆ How you prefer to make decisions.
                                                                         Interpreting your MBTI Profile Report and
        ◆ How you prefer to approach life.
                                                                         Indicator Type
                                                                         What’s included on your MBTI Profile Report
Explore and apply the understanding of team differences, using
                                                                         Determining your best fit type
     veterinary practice examples, as a means to strengthen              Reasons your indicator type may not be your
          the practice team.                                             best fit type
                                                                         Tips for discovering your best fit type
    Self-assess your type preferences.                                   Questions to help provide clarity

       Find out what’s included on your MBTI Profile Report.           Part 12: Whole Type Descriptions
                                                                         Use whole type descriptions to help verify your
 Receive guidance to interpret your MBTI Profile Report                  best fit type
     and your type preferences.                                          Next steps       Websites
                                                                         Books            Articles
                 Determine your best fit type.
                                                                       Required Materials • Required course content is online.
 Reflect on your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, applying           Optional and recommended • Take the MBTI online at
    what you have learned about type preferences.                      the EVT discounted price.




 7 E or I?           8 S or N?            9 T or F?           10 J or P?        11 Your MBTI
                                                                                   Results                12 Whole
                                                                                                             Types
7 Extraversion or Introversion

               By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC




Exploring Your
Preferences:
Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I)
                                                                                           The Extraversion/Introversion (see
How Do You Prefer To Get Energized?                                                        What Do Extraversion and Introversion
The first pair of psychological preferences is Extraversion and Introversion.              Look Like?) dichotomy of the MBTI
Where do you put your attention and get your energy? Do you like to spend                  addresses these questions:
time in the outer world of people and things (Extraversion), or in your inner
world of ideas and images (Introversion)?                                                  ◆ Where do you focus your attention?
                                                                                           ◆ How do you get energized?
Extraversion and Introversion, as used by C.G. Jung, explain different
                                                                                           ◆ Where do you direct your energy?
attitudes people use to direct their energy. These words have a meaning in
psychology that is different from the way they are used in everyday language.              ◆ What tends to drain your energy?
Everyone spends some time extraverting and some time introverting. Don’t                   ◆ How much and what kind of
confuse Introversion with shyness or reclusiveness; they are not related.                    contact with others do you prefer?




   What Do Extraversion and Introversion Look Like?
   Which of the these descriptions seems more natural, effortless, and comfortable for you?

                       Extraversion (E)                                              Introversion (I)
                     “Let’s talk this over.”                                   “I need to think about this.”
    You are drawn to the outside world as your elemental source      You draw your primary energy from the inner world of
    of energy. Rarely, if ever, do you feel your energy batteries    information, thoughts, ideas, and other reflections. When
    are “drained” by excessive amounts of interaction with the       circumstances require an excessive amount of attention
    outside world. You engage the things, people, places, and        spent in the outside world, you find the need to retreat
    activities going on in the outside world for your life force.    to a more private setting as if to recharge your drained
                                                                     batteries.

    Your energy is directed outward and stimulates action.           Your energy is directed inward and stimulates reflection.

    You are responsive to what is going on in the environment.       You achieve stability from attending to enduring ideas. You
    You learn and work best when able to share, discuss, and         learn and work best by having time to relate, understand,
    process information with others.                                 and process information on your own.




7 E or I?           8                       9                       10                 11 Results                   12 Types
                          S or N?                 T or F?                J or P?               Your MBTI                        Whole
7 Extraversion or Introversion




General Characteristics
Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Extraversion and Introversion.


        People who prefer Extraversion (E)                     People who prefer Introversion (I)

 ◆ Talk more than listen                               ◆ Listen more than talk


 ◆ Have broad interests                                ◆ Focus in depth on their interests


 ◆ Prefer to do lots of things at once                 ◆ Prefer to focus on one thing at a time


 ◆ Act first, think/reflect later                      ◆ Think/reflect first, then act


 ◆ Prefer a public role                                ◆ Prefer to work “behind-the-scenes”


 ◆ Prefer to communicate by talking                    ◆ Prefer to communicate in writing


 ◆ Talk about their thoughts                           ◆ Keep thoughts inside until they are clearly formulated


 ◆ Feel their best work is done with others            ◆ Feel their best work is done alone


 ◆ Feel deprived when cutoff from interaction with     ◆ Regularly require an amount of “private time” to
    the outside world                                     recharge their batteries

 ◆ Need to experience the world before they can        ◆ Need to understand the world before they
    understand it                                         experience it

 ◆ Plunge in and try out ideas right away              ◆ Try things out reflectively first


 ◆ Look outside themselves for ideas and stimulation   ◆ Look inside themselves for ideas and stimulation


 ◆ Prefer a physical work space that facilitates       ◆ Prefer a physical work space that allows for privacy
    interaction                                           and concentration

 ◆ Assume that others are interested in what they      ◆ Don’t assume that others want their opinion unless
    have to say                                           they explicitly ask for it

 ◆ Engage with others to consider conflict             ◆ Withdraw from others to consider conflict
7 Extraversion or Introversion




   Extraversion and Introversion in a Veterinary Practice
   Katharine and Isabel are licensed veterinary technicians with comparable experience and skills. They have similar
   roles at their practice, spending time interacting with clients and working on inpatient cases. While both are
   talented and committed team members, their contrasting work and communication styles are making it difficult for
   them—and the rest of the team—to work effectively together.

              Katharine prefers Extraversion                                     Isabel prefers Introversion

    Katharine thrives on active, people-filled days and enjoys       Isabel prefers working in the back of the hospital to
    talking with clients in the exam rooms and reception area.       working up front with clients and is at her best when she
    Because she likes to be involved with activities involv-         can concentrate and work independently, working on
    ing other people, Katharine finds it difficult to focus on       tasks such as lab work or performing dental procedures.
    solitary tasks for long periods of time. She prefers more
    active work that requires several pairs of hands, like taking
    radiographs or surgery prep work.


    Katharine is energized by lively, wide-ranging discussions       Isabel wants to “think things through,” and is more
    and likes to “talk things out.” Her conversation is rapid        likely to engage in quiet conversations with space for
    paced and she often interrupts others to elaborate on and        reflection. Her conversation pace is slower as she takes
    process thoughts.                                                time to formulate and build thoughts and ideas inter-
                                                                     nally before speaking.


    The Result:
    Because both technicians naturally gravitate to the job functions they enjoy most, important things sometimes don’t
    get done, patient care suffers, and they resent each other for “shirking their responsibilities.”

    Isabel feels she “can’t get a word in edgewise,” but that it doesn’t really matter since Katharine never listens anyway.
    Isabel thinks Katharine has too many “half-baked ideas.” Katharine, meanwhile, wonders why Isabel is so secretive.


    An understanding of the MBTI personality framework can be a starting point for understanding and working
    through the differences between these two team members related to their preferences for Extraversion and
    Introversion.




Self-Assessment:                                                              Select either
Do You Prefer Extraversion or Introversion?
Based on your understanding of Extraversion and Introversion,                 Extraversion or Introversion
which preference do you think more accurately describes you?
                                                                             ❏    Extraversion (E)
Each of us has two faces. One is directed towards the outer                       People who prefer Extraversion tend to focus
world of activities, excitements, people, and things. The other is                on the outside world and get energy through
directed inward to the inner world of thoughts, interests, ideas,                 interacting with people and doing things.
and imagination. These are two different but complementary
sides of our nature.
                                                                              ❏   Introversion (I)
Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different                        People who prefer Introversion tend to focus on
times and in different situations, but which one is your most                     the inner world and get energy through reflect-
natural energy orientation?                                                       ing on information, ideas and/or concepts.
8 Sensing or Intuition




Exploring Your Preferences:
                                                      Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
                                                       How Do You Prefer to Take in Information?
                                                       The second pair of psychological preferences is Sensing and Intuition.
                                                       Do you pay more attention to information that comes in through your
                                                       five senses (Sensing), or do you pay more attention to the patterns and
                                                       possibilities that you see in the information you receive (Intuition)?


                                                                                                        The Sensing/Intuition
                                                                                                        dichotomy of the MBTI
                                                                                                        addresses the following
                                                                                                        questions:
                                                                                                        ✤ What do you become
                                                                                                          aware of?
                                                                                                        ✤ What kind of information
                                                                                                          do you seek?
                                                                                                        ✤ What kind of information
                                                                                                          is important to you?
                                                                                                        ✤ What kinds of things do
                                                                                                          you tend to notice, or not
                                                                                                          notice?




 What Do Sensing and Intuition Look Like?
 Take a minute and ask yourself which of the following descriptions seems more natural,
 effortless, and comfortable for you?

                        Sensing (S)                                                      Intuition (N)
                 “Just the facts, please.”                                          “I can see it all now.”

  You favor clear, tangible data and information that fit in well    You are drawn to information that is more abstract,
  with your direct here-and-now experience.                          conceptual, big-picture, and represents imaginative
                                                                     possibilities for the future.

  You tend to have a mastery of the facts and a knowledge of         You pay attention to insights and meanings and have a
  what materials and resources are available.                        grasp of what is possible and what the trends are.

  You have an appreciation of knowing and doing what works.          You have an appreciation of doing what hasn’t been tried
                                                                     before.




7 E or I?           8                      9                        10                   11 Results                  12 Types
                         S or N?                T or F?                  J or P?                     Your MBTI               Whole
8 Sensing or Intuition




General Characteristics
Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Sensing and Intuition.


        People who prefer Sensing (S)                       People who prefer Intuition (N)


  ✤ Focus on details and specifics                        ✤ Focus on the big picture and possibilities

  ✤ Admire practical solutions                            ✤ Admire creative ideas

  ✤ Are pragmatic—see what is                             ✤ Are inventive—see what could be

  ✤ Value utility: approaches that are useful and         ✤ Value novelty: approaches that stimulate the
    based on established principles                         imagination

  ✤ Live in the now, attending to present opportunities   ✤ Live in the future, attending to future possibilities

  ✤ Take things literally, at face value                  ✤ Take things figuratively, looking for a deeper meaning

  ✤ Have a memory recall that is rich in detail of        ✤ Have a memory recall that emphasizes patterns,
    facts and past events                                   contexts, and connections

  ✤ Like step-by-step instructions                        ✤ Like to figure things out for themselves

  ✤ Work at a steady pace                                 ✤ Work in bursts of energy

  ✤ Prefer to perfect established skills                  ✤ Prefer to learn new skills

  ✤ Like clear and concrete information; dislike          ✤ Are comfortable with ambiguous, fuzzy data, and with
    guessing when facts are “fuzzy”                         guessing its meaning.

  ✤ Prefer to stay with the valuable, tried, and true     ✤ Are excited by future possibilities when considering
    when considering change                                 change

  ✤ Tend to follow instructions                           ✤ May create their own instructions

  ✤ Apply experience to problems                          ✤ Apply ingenuity to problems

  ✤ Need to be convinced                                  ✤ Need to be inspired
8 Sensing or Intuition


 Sensing and Intuition in a Veterinary Practice
 Building on our previous example, while they differ in their preferences for Extraversion (E) and Introversion (I), both
 Katharine and Isabel share a common preference for Sensing (S). However, the practice owner, Dr. Jung, prefers
 Intuition (N).

        Katharine and Isabel prefer Sensing                                    Dr. Jung prefers Intuition

   Katharine and Isabel excel at using tried and true meth-           Dr. Jung loves to envision the future of the practice
   ods that use their existing skillsets and generally resist         and make constant improvements in processes and
   changes that don’t seem necessary. They would rather get           procedures. He can easily predict outcomes and see
   their work done then participate in strategic planning             how changes will positively affect the big picture and
   meetings and their motto is, “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix         the bottom line. His motto is, “If it ain’t broke, then
   it.”                                                               break it.”


   The technicians prefer to receive case management                  Dr. Jung is comfortable creating his own way of
   instructions in clear, stepwise fashion. They get frus-            doing things without having to always rely on a
   trated when Dr. Jung supplies instructions in what they            standard protocol. So he doesn’t understand why
   perceive to be vague, haphazard ways that lack specific            Katharine and Isabel need what he thinks is so much
   detail and direction.                                              unnecessary detail and why they want things laid out
                                                                      in concrete.


   The Result:
   Conflict results when Dr. Jung fails to recognize all the specific details involved in making changes to the practice
   work flow and Katharine and Isabel fail to understand the big picture and long-term benefits of proposed improve-
   ments. The technicians feel that Dr. Jung spends too much time on “pie in the sky” ideas instead of concentrating
   on the issues at hand. Dr. Jung resents the technicians for their apparent disinterest in the practice vision and getting
   mired in unimportant practicalities.

   Their differing preferences for Sensing and Intuition are causing difficulties and breakdowns in communication as
   one preference sees “the forest” while the other sees “the trees.”


   Both the details and the big picture must be considered for the best possible outcomes in this practice.
   Once Katharine, Isabel, and Dr. Jung understand personality type, these differences can become useful.



Self-Assessment: Do You Prefer Sensing or Intuition?                                Select Either
Based on your understanding of Sensing and Intuition, which prefer-
ence do you think more accurately describes you?                                    Sensing or Intuition
The Sensing side of our brain notices the sights, sounds, smells, and               ❏ Sensing (S)
all the sensory details of the present. It categorizes, organizes, records,             People who prefer Sensing tend to notice
and stores the specifics from the here and now. It is reality based, deal-              and trust facts, details, and present realities.
ing with “what is.” It also provides the specific details of memory and                 They like to take in information through
recollections from past events.                                                         the five senses.
The Intuitive side of our brain seeks to understand, interpret, and form
overall patterns of all the information that is collected and records these         ❏ Intuition (N)
                                                                                        People who prefer Intuition tend to pay
patterns and relationships. It speculates on possibilities, including look-
                                                                                        attention to and trust interrelationships,
ing into and forecasting the future. It is imaginative and conceptual.
                                                                                        theories, and future possibilities. They are
Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different times and                    drawn to the big picture.
in different situations, but which one of these kinds of perceiving do
you instinctively tend to favor?
9 Thinking or Feeling

            By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC




Exploring Your
Preferences:
Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
How Do You Prefer To Make Decisions?
This third preference pair describes how you like to make
decisions. Do you like to put more weight on objective prin-
ciples and impersonal facts (Thinking) or do you put more
weight on personal concerns and the people involved (Feeling)?

Don’t confuse Feeling with emotion. Everyone has emo-                         The Thinking/Feeling dichotomy of the
tions about the decisions they make. Also do not confuse                      MBTI addresses the following questions:
Thinking with intelligence.                                                   ◆ What do you rely on when making a decision?

Everyone uses Thinking for some decisions and Feeling                         ◆ What kinds of decisions do you like to make?
for others. In fact, a person can make a decision using his or                ◆ What consequences are you likely to consider
her preference, then test the decision by using the other prefer-               when making a decision?
ence to see what might not have been taken into account.                      ◆ How do you evaluate the opinions or decisions
                                                                                of others?




  What Do Thinking and Feeling Look Like?
  Ask yourself which of the following descriptions seems more natural, effortless, and
  comfortable for you.

                         Thinking (T)                                                   Feeling (F)
                       “Is this logical?”                                         “Will anyone be hurt?”
      You have a natural preference for making decisions in an      You make your decisions in a somewhat global, visceral,
      objective, logical, and analytical manner with an emphasis    harmony, and value-oriented way, paying particular
      on tasks and results to be accomplished.                      attention to the impact of decisions and actions on other
                                                                    people.

      You objectively analyze the pros and cons of a situation,     You desire to uncover the greatest good in a situation and
      even when you have a personal stake.                          notice when people may be harmed.

      You want to discover the “truth” and naturally notice         You know what is important to people and adhere to that
      logical inconsistencies.                                      in the face of opposition.




7 E or I?           8                      9                      10                   11 Results                 12 Types
                          S or N?                T or F?               J or P?                   Your MBTI                  Whole
9 Thinking or Feeling




Characteristics of People Who Prefer Thinking Vs Feeling
Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Thinking and Feeling.


          People who prefer Thinking (T)                             People who prefer Feeling (F)

 ◆ Are honest and direct                                    ◆ Are diplomatic and tactful


 ◆ Instinctively search for facts and logic in a decision   ◆ Instinctively employ personal feelings and impact on
   situation                                                  people in decision situations

 ◆ Weigh the pros and cons when making decisions            ◆ Sort through personal values when making decisions


 ◆ Are more likely to critique first and compliment later   ◆ Are more likely to compliment first and critique later


 ◆ Tend toward skepticism, controversy, and impartiality    ◆ Tend toward acceptance, tolerance, and sympathy


 ◆ Are motivated by achievement                             ◆ Are motivated by appreciation


 ◆ Naturally notice tasks and work to be accomplished       ◆ Are naturally sensitive to the needs of others and the
                                                              work process

 ◆ Typically respond by first asking questions and          ◆ Typically respond by first looking for common ground
   challenging what is said                                   and expressing agreement or sharing concern

 ◆ Expect that the best ideas and solutions emerge from     ◆ Expect that the best ideas and solutions emerge from
   argument and debate                                        cooperation and building on everyone’s contribution

 ◆ Prefer situations where they can critique and get        ◆ Prefer situations where personally helping people is
   mastery over                                               the main work

 ◆ Do their best work when they can take an analytical      ◆ Do their best work when personal relationships and
   approach to new ideas and situations                       harmony are the context for their learning

 ◆ Believe fairness means treating everyone by the same     ◆ Believe fairness means taking individual needs into
   standards                                                  account

 ◆ Are more interested in justice                           ◆ Are more interested in mercy


 ◆ Take few things personally                               ◆ Take many things personally


 ◆ Accept conflict as a natural, normal part of             ◆ Are unsettled by conflict; want to avoid disharmony
   relationships with people
9 Thinking or Feeling



   Thinking and Feeling in a Veterinary Practice
   In addition to sharing a preference for Sensing (S), Katharine and Isabel also both prefer Feeling (F). Their com-
   mon preferences for Sensing (S) and Feeling (F) might well explain what draws them to work in a veterinary health
   care environment—they both seek practical ways to help and serve both pets and people. They also want to be part
   of a predictable and harmonious work environment.

   In contrast, Dr. Jung has a preference for Thinking (T). Combined with his preference for Intuition (N), this means
   that he differs significantly from both technicians in how he prefers to take in information and make decisions.
   Let’s look at how their differing approaches to decision making play out:

                  Dr. Jung prefers Thinking                               Katharine and Isabel prefer Feeling
     When making decisions, Dr. Jung will tend to look ob-         When making decisions, Katharine and Isabel, tend to
     jectively at a situation, then consider the people aspects,   consider the effect on people first, then look at the logic
     and then return to the objective information to make a        involved, and then return to the Feeling data for the final
     final decision.                                               decision.


     When considering how to staff the practice to best serve      When considering staffing issues and delivering client
     clients, Dr. Jung is more likely to focus on the following    service, Katharine and Isabel will consider a different set
     questions:                                                    of questions:
     ◆ What are the pros and cons of acting on different           ◆ What are the people consequences for both the team
        options?                                                      and the client of each option?
     ◆ What is the most reasonable course of action?               ◆ How will the team members and clients respond to
     ◆ What are the financial costs and considerations?                each scenario?

     ◆ What strategies are needed to achieve each potential        ◆ What do we personally like and dislike about what
       outcome?                                                        we’re considering here?
                                                                   ◆ Who is committed to carrying out this plan?


     The Result:
     Dr. Jung is sometimes exasperated by what he sees as the wishy washy, touchy-feely approach to problems that
     Katharine and Isabel seem to have. “Why can’t they be rational?,” he thinks. Katharine and Isabel are sometimes put
     off by Dr. Jung’s apparent complete disregard for people’s perspectives and feelings.

   It’s important to understand that both these ways of making decisions are rational, they are just based on different
   priorities and different data sets. Both Thinking and Feeling preferences are essential for the competent and sensitive
   delivery of healthcare services as well as the management of the veterinary health care team.


Self-Assessment: Do You Prefer Thinking or Feeling?
Based on your understanding of Thinking and Feeling, which prefer-
                                                                                  Select Either
ence do you think more accurately describes you?                                  Thinking or Feeling
The Thinking side of our brain analyzes information in a detached,
objective fashion. It operates from factual principles, deduces, and               ❏ Thinking (T)
forms conclusions systematically. It is our logical nature.                             People who prefer Thinking tend to make
                                                                                        decisions using impartial, logical, and
The Feeling side of our brain forms conclusions in an attached and                      objective analysis.
somewhat global manner, based on likes/dislikes, impact on others,
and human and aesthetic values. It is our subjective nature.
                                                                                   ❏ Feeling (F)
Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different times                        People who prefer Feeling tend to make
and in different situations, but which one of these ways of forming                     decisions to create harmony by applying
conclusions do you lean toward?                                                         person-centered values.
10 Judging or Perceiving




Exploring Your
Preferences:
Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)
How Do You Prefer To Approach Life?
This fourth preference pair describes how you like to live
your outer life; what behaviors others tend to see. Do you
prefer a more structured and decided lifestyle (Judging) or
a more flexible and adaptable lifestyle
(Perceiving)? This preference may also be thought of as
your orientation to the outer world.

The Judging-Perceiving dichotomy of the
MBTI addresses the following questions:
✦ Do you deal with the outer world by gathering
  information about it or by making decisions about it?
✦ How much structure do you like or need?                                 Don’t confuse Judging and Perceiving
✦ How do you approach tasks that need to be done?                         with a person’s level of organization.
✦ How much information do you want?                                       Either preference can be organized.



  What Do Judging and Perceiving Look Like?
  Take a minute and ask yourself which of the following descriptions seems more natural,
  effortless, and comfortable for you?

                        Judging (J)                                               Perceiving (P)
                   “Just do something.”                                        “Let’s wait and see.”
    You rely upon either your T or F preference to manage        You rely upon either your S or N preference to run
    your outer life. This typically leads to a style oriented    your outer life. This typically results in an open, adapt-
    toward closure, organization, planning, or in some fashion   able, flexible style of relating to the things and people
    managing the things and or people found in the external      found in the outside world; and you quickly respond
    environment. The drive is to order the outside world.        to the needs of the moment. The drive is to experience
    While you may have an assertive manner, your “ordering       the outside world rather than order it. So, in general,
    touch”—with respect to other people—may be light.            you easily tolerate a lack of closure.


    You like to push to get things settled and decided.          You strive to keep your options open so new informa-
                                                                 tion may be gathered.


    You have an appreciation of well-organized efficiency.       You have an appreciation of the need for spontaneity
                                                                 and exploration.




7 E or I?           8                    9                    10                   11 Results                   12 Types
                         S or N?              T or F?               J or P?                Your MBTI                    Whole
10 Judging or Perceiving



Characteristics of People Who Prefer Judging Vs Perceiving
Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Judging and Perceiving.


          People who prefer Judging (J)                         People who prefer Perceiving (P)

 ✦ Want things decided                                     ✦ Want to keep their options open


 ✦ Feel anxious until things are settled                   ✦ Feel anxious if there is pressure to settle things too
                                                              quickly

 ✦ Make most decisions pretty easily, but may decide too   ✦ May have difficulty making decisions and avoid
    quickly                                                   decisions altogether

 ✦ Control their environment                               ✦ Understand their environment


 ✦ Schedule their time, set dates, and make arrangements   ✦ Leave scheduling options open as long as possible


 ✦ Find comfort in schedules                               ✦ Want the freedom to be spontaneous


 ✦ Like to make and stick with plans                       ✦ Like to keep plans flexible


 ✦ Avoid problems by anticipating and planning ahead       ✦ Solve problems if and when they arise


 ✦ Are serious and conventional                            ✦ Are playful and unconventional


 ✦ Prefer to finish projects                               ✦ Prefer to start projects


 ✦ Talk about definite results: focusing on goals,         ✦ Talk about a general course of action, emphasizing
    objectives, and outcomes                                  direction, thrust, and approach

 ✦ Stop taking in information as soon as they have         ✦ Keep taking in information because there is always
    enough to make a decision                                 something more to understand

 ✦ Like to have due dates and to stay well ahead of them   ✦ Like to follow their curiosity and work best under
                                                              pressure as deadlines approach

 ✦ Prefer to know exactly what they are accountable for    ✦ Prefer to have genuine choices and flexibility in
                                                              assignments

 ✦ See the need for most rules                             ✦ Question the need for many rules
10 Judging or Perceiving



   Judging and Perceiving in a Veterinary Practice
   Without an understanding of personality preferences, Isabel’s and Katharine’s contrasting approaches to
   managing their work day have the potential to negatively affect their work relationship.

                   Isabel prefers Judging                                  Katharine prefers Perceiving
    Isabel likes to draw a very clear line around her respon-      Katharine is prepared to drop everything to get a
    sibilities and resists when asked to take on any new or        critical job done in a hurry; consequently, non-urgent
    unscheduled tasks or activities. She completes her tasks       tasks sometimes get neglected and she sometimes gets
    quickly, competently, and on time, following through           behind schedule
    on all her commitments


    Isabel is decisive, working best when she can organize         Katharine prefers to continually explore options; she
    and finish tasks. She feels comfortable once a decision        enjoys starting tasks and leaving them open for last-
    is made and she is free to focus on what needs to be           minute changes, gathering as much information as
    completed.                                                     possible and keeping her options open.


    The Result:
    Katharine—and other team members—see Isabel as reliable but very rigid. Katharine is seen as flexible, but not
    always dependable. Tension erupts when discussing how to comanage their technician duties. Isabel tries to limit op-
    tions, which stifles Katharine’s open-ended exploratory process. Katharine feels that Isabel decides things too quickly
    and is resistant to revising decisions, even when compelling new information becomes available.



     The MBTI can help everyone concerned appreciate their own strengths and realize that others aren’t purposely trying
     to drive them crazy, that’s just the way they’re wired.




Self-Assessment:
Do You Prefer Judging or Perceiving?
Based on your understanding of Judging and Perceiving, which
preference do you think more accurately describes you?
A Judging style approaches the outside world with a plan and is
oriented towards organizing one’s surroundings, being prepared,
making decisions and reaching closure and completion.
A Perceiving style takes the outside world as it comes and is
adopting and adapting, flexible, open-ended and receptive to            Select either
new opportunities and changing game plans.
                                                                        Judging or Perceiving
Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different
times and in different situations, but which one of these is the
most natural orientation towards life?
                                                                         ❏ Judging (J)
                                                                             People who prefer Judging tend to like a planned
                                                                             approach to life and are organized, orderly,
Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers                   structured, and decisive.
added the Judging-Perceiving dimension to C.J. Jung’s typo-
logical model, identifying the preference for using either the           ❏ Perceiving (P)
Judging function (Thinking or Feeling) or Perceiving function                People who prefer Perceiving tend to adopt a more
(Sensing or Intuition) when relating to the outside world.                   spontaneous approach to life and are flexible,
                                                                             adaptable, and like to keep their options open.
11 Your MBTI Results




                                                    Your
Self-Assessment
                                                      Results
Based on your selections for each pair of preference
dichotomies thus far, your Self-Assessed MBTI
Personality Type is:
       I or E; S or N; F or P; T or J
The next step is to compare this to your Indicator
Type as reported by the MBTI Instrument, available to
Exceptional Veterinary Team subcribers at myEVT.com.
When you receive your report, return to complete the
learning module and verify your Best Fit Type.


Interpreting Your MBTI Profile
Report and Indicator Type
The two-page MBTI Profile report is designed to help you
understand your results on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI) assessment. Based on your individual responses, the
MBTI instrument produces results that identify which of the
16 different personality types best describes you.


What’s Included on Your MBTI Profile Report
The first page of the report conveys your four-letter Indicator Type (also referred to as your Reported Type).
The Preference Clarity Index (PCI) on page 2 of the report indicate how clear you were in expressing your preference for a
particular pole over its opposite. Higher numerical scores suggest you are more certain about your preference, while lower scores
                            suggest you are less sure about that preference. These number scores do not measure skills or ability or
                            degree of use for a specific preference, only preference clarity.
                                                            ®
                                                                                                                   FIONA SMITH
                                                                                                                               / ISTJ
                                                                                                                          June 28, 2009
                                  Type Indicator
           Myers-Briggs
           Profile
                             At the bottom of page 2 of your report, you can read a brief description of your Indicator Type.
                      ed to help you
                                                          results on the Myers-
                                                                                Briggs Type Indicat
                                       understand your ses, the MBTI instrument produc type
                                                                                                   or®
                                                                                               es results
                                                                                             ality
This profile is design Based on your individual respon best describes you. Your person two opposite
                   ent.
(MBTI ) assessm sixteen different personality
                                                      types                             sed of
                                                                  each category compo
         ®
                                                                                                        ality
to identif y which of                  separat e categories, with form the basis of a person's person
                  preferences in four key areas that combine to
 represents your                     e
                  categories describ
 poles. The four
  as follows:


    · Where you focus your
                              attention — Extrave
                          information —
                                        Sensing (S) or
                                                        rsion (E) or Introver

                                                     Feeling (F)
                                                                 Intuition (N)
    · The way you take indecisions — Thinking (T) or(J) or Perceiving (P)
    · The way you make the outer world — Judging
                                                                              sion (I)

                                                                                                                                                                 Does the description seem to fit? Many people find that their Indicator Type description describes
     · How you deal with                                                                  on your respon
                                                                                                                                                   ses

                    is indicated by
                                    the four letters
   Your MBTI type your reported MBTI type is ISTJ,
   to the assessment,
                   results are highlig
                                       hted below.
                                                                       preferences. Based
                                                     representing your as Introverted Sensing with
                                                          also described
                                                                                                                                                                 them quite well. Here’s the bottom line, though. The MBTI Profile Report does not tell you what you
   Thinking. Your


       Reported Type:
                            ISTJ
                                Extraversion
                                People who prefer
                                                   Extraversion tend
                                                                     to focus their
                                                                people and things.         I
                                                                                               Introversion
                                                                                               attention on the
                                                                                                                   Introversion tend
                                                                                                                inner
                                                                                                                                     to focus their
                                                                                               People who prefer world of ideas and impressio
                                                                                                                                                    ns.          are. Usually the results of a psychological instrument are the final word. But with the MBTI instru-
                                                 outer world of



                                                                                                                                                                  ment, your Indicator Type is a hypothesis that needs to be verified. Your continued self-assessment
           Where you
           focus your
             attention
                          E     attention on the
                                                                                                   Intuition          Intuition tend to
                                                                                                                                        take in informatio
                                                                                                                                                           n
                                                                                                   People who prefer                  and focus on future
                                                                                                                     the big picture
                                                                                           N       from patterns and
                                  Sensing            Sensing tend to
                                                                      take in
                                   People who prefer                   and focus on                possibilities.
               The way                                 the five senses
            you take in     S      information through
                                   the here and now.



                                                                                                                                                                  may result in you selecting a Best Fit Type that is different than the reported results.
                                                                                                    Feeling            Feeling tend to
                                                                                                                                       make decisions
            information                                                                             People who prefer              on subjective
                                    Thinking                                                                        on values and
                                                                                           F
                                                                        make decisions              based primarily                         .
                                                       Thinking tend to                                                     ntered concerns
                                    People who prefer               objective analysis              evaluation of person-ce
               The way                              on logic and on
              you make
              decisions
                            T       based primarily
                                    of cause and effect.                                             Perceiving         Perceiving tend
                                                                                                                                         to like a flexible
                                                                                                     People who prefer                  and prefer to keep
                                                                                                                       approach to life

                How you
                                     Judging
                                     People who prefer
                                                        Judging tend to
                                                     approach to life
                                                                         like a planned
                                                                      and prefer to have       P     and spontaneous
                                                                                                     their options open.

            deal with the     J      and organized
                                     things settled.
             outer world                                                                                        e the
                                                                                              they also indicat
                                                                         e your preferences; your preference for a par-
                                                   ent not only indicat             expressing                        the
                            to the MBTI assessmthat is, how clear you were in index, or pci. The bar graph on
          Your responses
                              your preferences—                    preference clarity                 about your prefer-
          relative clarity of opposite. This is known as the bar suggests you are quite sure
                              its
          ticular pole over                   . Note that a longer                    nce.
                              your pci results                     about that prefere
           next page charts        bar sugges ts you are less sure
           ence, while a shorter


                                                                                                                                                                          You are the expert on you and the final judge of your Best Fit Type.



7 E or I?                                                                                                                      8                                             9                  10                     11 Results                12 Types
                                                                                                                                                               S or N?            T or F?                J or P?              Your MBTI                  Whole
11 Your MBTI Results




  Determining                                               Best Fit Type is simply the four-letter type that you

Your Best Fit Type                                          think best fits you. It’s the type that you feel represents
                                                            your natural preferences.


Compare your Self-Assessed Type with your Indicator Type from your profile report. Are they the same? Congratulations!
You’ve likely determined your Best Fit Type. Skip to the Whole Type Descriptions section to read the description for your
four-letter type and verify that the description fits.
The percentage of agreement between a person’s Self-Assessed Type and his or her reported type is 70% to 80%.
Agreement on three of the preference dichotomies rather than all four is around 95%.
Sometimes circumstances of your life can lead you to answer the questions on the MBTI instrument so that your reported
MBTI type does not reflect your true preferences.




 Reasons Your Indicator Type
 May Not Be Your Best Fit Type
 ◆ You may still be developing your preferences (this is
   especially true of young people).
 ◆ You may have completed the MBTI questionnaire
   based on expectations or preferences of your parents,
   family, or friends.
 ◆ You may have based your answers on what you feel
                                                                          Tips for Discovering
                                                                             Your Best Fit Type
   is required by your work or current situation rather
   than what you actually prefer.                                         Focus on your whole type, not on your
                                                                          individual preferences.
 ◆ You may be worried that someone in authority will
   see the results and disagree with your preferences.                    People often focus on pairs of preferences. But
                                                                          MBTI type theory is about whole types, in which
 ◆ You may not be acting typically because of stress or a                 preferences interact in ways unique to each of the 16
   crisis.                                                                types. Start with what you are sure about. Read all the
 ◆ You may be reacting to cultural pressure to have                       type descriptions that include the preferences you are
   certain preferences (for example, planning ahead or                    sure of. At this point, you may find a type that you
   being outgoing).                                                       know is yours.
 ◆ You may be in your teens or early 20s and therefore                    Suppose you are unsure whether you prefer, for
   still exploring your preferences, or you may be at                     example, Sensing (S) or Intuition (N), but the other
   midlife and working to develop the less-preferred                      preferences Extraversion (E), Thinking (T), and Judg-
   functions. In terms of establishing Best Fit Type,                     ing (J) are clear to you. The real question at this point
   either situation can confuse the issue.                                is not whether you are an S or an N, but whether you
                                                                          are an ESTJ or an ENTJ. The essences of those two
 ◆ Your type may itself be the source of difficulty in get-               types are very different.
   ting to a best-fit type with which you are comfortable.
   For example, those who prefer Perceiving favor taking                  The ESTJ is focused on getting things done smoothly
   in more information rather than coming to a conclu-                    and efficiently. As an SJ, you have a core need for seek-
   sion quickly; those with a preference for Judging on                   ing the good of the community, a sense of belonging,
   the other hand may rush to conclusions too early.                      and learning from the past.
   Those who prefer Intuition may engage in too many                         The ENTJ, on the other hand, is focused on imple-
   possibilities; and those who prefer Sensing and Judg-                  menting new ideas and challenges. As an NT, you are
   ing may feel the pull of duty to be a certain type.                    likely to be concerned primarily with competence and
                                                                          intellectual resourcefulness.
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final
Mbti Module Vet Final

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Andere mochten auch

The Simpsons Myers-Briggs Test
The Simpsons Myers-Briggs TestThe Simpsons Myers-Briggs Test
The Simpsons Myers-Briggs TestLina Nandy
 
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)Payel Ghosh
 
Myers-Briggs Basic Presentation
Myers-Briggs Basic PresentationMyers-Briggs Basic Presentation
Myers-Briggs Basic Presentationpaulkrikau
 
Understanding Team Dynamics using MBTI
Understanding Team Dynamics using MBTIUnderstanding Team Dynamics using MBTI
Understanding Team Dynamics using MBTImalpascoe
 

Andere mochten auch (7)

MBTI & SII Intro
MBTI & SII IntroMBTI & SII Intro
MBTI & SII Intro
 
Convert Your MBTI Practice to the Striving Styles
Convert Your MBTI Practice to the Striving StylesConvert Your MBTI Practice to the Striving Styles
Convert Your MBTI Practice to the Striving Styles
 
Вебинар "Управление на основе MBTI"
Вебинар "Управление на основе MBTI"Вебинар "Управление на основе MBTI"
Вебинар "Управление на основе MBTI"
 
The Simpsons Myers-Briggs Test
The Simpsons Myers-Briggs TestThe Simpsons Myers-Briggs Test
The Simpsons Myers-Briggs Test
 
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
 
Myers-Briggs Basic Presentation
Myers-Briggs Basic PresentationMyers-Briggs Basic Presentation
Myers-Briggs Basic Presentation
 
Understanding Team Dynamics using MBTI
Understanding Team Dynamics using MBTIUnderstanding Team Dynamics using MBTI
Understanding Team Dynamics using MBTI
 

Ähnlich wie Mbti Module Vet Final

Assess your communication strengths with the Myers-Briggs types and apply the...
Assess your communication strengths with the Myers-Briggs types and apply the...Assess your communication strengths with the Myers-Briggs types and apply the...
Assess your communication strengths with the Myers-Briggs types and apply the...Steve Lee
 
PRESENTATION-HENNA.pptx
PRESENTATION-HENNA.pptxPRESENTATION-HENNA.pptx
PRESENTATION-HENNA.pptxFATHIMAHENNAM
 
MBTI® Interpretive ReportCOLLEGE EDITIONMBTI ® Interpret
MBTI® Interpretive ReportCOLLEGE EDITIONMBTI ® InterpretMBTI® Interpretive ReportCOLLEGE EDITIONMBTI ® Interpret
MBTI® Interpretive ReportCOLLEGE EDITIONMBTI ® InterpretAbramMartino96
 
Bridging Personality Differences in the Workplace
Bridging Personality Differences in the WorkplaceBridging Personality Differences in the Workplace
Bridging Personality Differences in the WorkplaceKyle Danzey
 
12 learn from other leaders
12 learn from other leaders12 learn from other leaders
12 learn from other leadersvirtual mvc
 
Entering Mentoring Part 1 Communication at CalTech
Entering Mentoring Part 1 Communication at CalTechEntering Mentoring Part 1 Communication at CalTech
Entering Mentoring Part 1 Communication at CalTechSteve Lee
 
Mbti Web Presentation
Mbti Web PresentationMbti Web Presentation
Mbti Web Presentationkgoold
 
MBTI Results - Flavin
MBTI Results - FlavinMBTI Results - Flavin
MBTI Results - FlavinKevin Flavin
 
JUNG Test Vs. DISC Assessment
JUNG Test Vs. DISC AssessmentJUNG Test Vs. DISC Assessment
JUNG Test Vs. DISC AssessmentAdriana Wilson
 
Meyers Briggs Test- Sam Eads
Meyers Briggs Test- Sam EadsMeyers Briggs Test- Sam Eads
Meyers Briggs Test- Sam EadsSam Eads
 
UNIT 4LEADING INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 15. Effective and Eth.docx
UNIT 4LEADING INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 15. Effective and Eth.docxUNIT 4LEADING INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 15. Effective and Eth.docx
UNIT 4LEADING INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 15. Effective and Eth.docxouldparis
 
Addressing Diversity in Mentoring Relationships - Leadership Alliance - Steve...
Addressing Diversity in Mentoring Relationships - Leadership Alliance - Steve...Addressing Diversity in Mentoring Relationships - Leadership Alliance - Steve...
Addressing Diversity in Mentoring Relationships - Leadership Alliance - Steve...Steve Lee
 
Emotional intelligence in project management
Emotional intelligence in project managementEmotional intelligence in project management
Emotional intelligence in project managementRajiv Upadhyay
 
Mit tearm eporfolio
Mit tearm eporfolioMit tearm eporfolio
Mit tearm eporfoliocheska92
 
Mentoring Up - SACNAS 2014 - Steve Lee
Mentoring Up - SACNAS 2014 - Steve LeeMentoring Up - SACNAS 2014 - Steve Lee
Mentoring Up - SACNAS 2014 - Steve LeeSteve Lee
 
Career planning 1 self-assessments 2013
Career planning 1   self-assessments 2013Career planning 1   self-assessments 2013
Career planning 1 self-assessments 2013Steve Lee
 

Ähnlich wie Mbti Module Vet Final (20)

Assess your communication strengths with the Myers-Briggs types and apply the...
Assess your communication strengths with the Myers-Briggs types and apply the...Assess your communication strengths with the Myers-Briggs types and apply the...
Assess your communication strengths with the Myers-Briggs types and apply the...
 
PRESENTATION-HENNA.pptx
PRESENTATION-HENNA.pptxPRESENTATION-HENNA.pptx
PRESENTATION-HENNA.pptx
 
MBTI® Interpretive ReportCOLLEGE EDITIONMBTI ® Interpret
MBTI® Interpretive ReportCOLLEGE EDITIONMBTI ® InterpretMBTI® Interpretive ReportCOLLEGE EDITIONMBTI ® Interpret
MBTI® Interpretive ReportCOLLEGE EDITIONMBTI ® Interpret
 
Bridging Personality Differences in the Workplace
Bridging Personality Differences in the WorkplaceBridging Personality Differences in the Workplace
Bridging Personality Differences in the Workplace
 
12 learn from other leaders
12 learn from other leaders12 learn from other leaders
12 learn from other leaders
 
Entering Mentoring Part 1 Communication at CalTech
Entering Mentoring Part 1 Communication at CalTechEntering Mentoring Part 1 Communication at CalTech
Entering Mentoring Part 1 Communication at CalTech
 
Topic 3 week 4
Topic 3 week 4Topic 3 week 4
Topic 3 week 4
 
Mbti Web Presentation
Mbti Web PresentationMbti Web Presentation
Mbti Web Presentation
 
MBTI Results - Flavin
MBTI Results - FlavinMBTI Results - Flavin
MBTI Results - Flavin
 
JUNG Test Vs. DISC Assessment
JUNG Test Vs. DISC AssessmentJUNG Test Vs. DISC Assessment
JUNG Test Vs. DISC Assessment
 
Meyers Briggs Test- Sam Eads
Meyers Briggs Test- Sam EadsMeyers Briggs Test- Sam Eads
Meyers Briggs Test- Sam Eads
 
Pm leadership workshop 2021 greece
Pm leadership workshop 2021 greecePm leadership workshop 2021 greece
Pm leadership workshop 2021 greece
 
UNIT 4LEADING INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 15. Effective and Eth.docx
UNIT 4LEADING INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 15. Effective and Eth.docxUNIT 4LEADING INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 15. Effective and Eth.docx
UNIT 4LEADING INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS 15. Effective and Eth.docx
 
Addressing Diversity in Mentoring Relationships - Leadership Alliance - Steve...
Addressing Diversity in Mentoring Relationships - Leadership Alliance - Steve...Addressing Diversity in Mentoring Relationships - Leadership Alliance - Steve...
Addressing Diversity in Mentoring Relationships - Leadership Alliance - Steve...
 
Emotional intelligence in project management
Emotional intelligence in project managementEmotional intelligence in project management
Emotional intelligence in project management
 
Mit tearm eporfolio
Mit tearm eporfolioMit tearm eporfolio
Mit tearm eporfolio
 
Master Communicators
Master CommunicatorsMaster Communicators
Master Communicators
 
MBTI PERSONAILTY
MBTI PERSONAILTYMBTI PERSONAILTY
MBTI PERSONAILTY
 
Mentoring Up - SACNAS 2014 - Steve Lee
Mentoring Up - SACNAS 2014 - Steve LeeMentoring Up - SACNAS 2014 - Steve Lee
Mentoring Up - SACNAS 2014 - Steve Lee
 
Career planning 1 self-assessments 2013
Career planning 1   self-assessments 2013Career planning 1   self-assessments 2013
Career planning 1 self-assessments 2013
 

Mehr von Simon Penny

Liasons Sociales Septodont Article Fév 2013
Liasons Sociales Septodont Article Fév 2013Liasons Sociales Septodont Article Fév 2013
Liasons Sociales Septodont Article Fév 2013Simon Penny
 
Septodont article Liasons Sociales feb 2013
Septodont article Liasons Sociales feb 2013Septodont article Liasons Sociales feb 2013
Septodont article Liasons Sociales feb 2013Simon Penny
 
Septodont Article Liasons Sociales Feb 2013
Septodont Article Liasons Sociales Feb 2013Septodont Article Liasons Sociales Feb 2013
Septodont Article Liasons Sociales Feb 2013Simon Penny
 
Septodont article liasons sociales feb 2013
Septodont article liasons sociales feb 2013Septodont article liasons sociales feb 2013
Septodont article liasons sociales feb 2013Simon Penny
 
Using the MBTI Type Tool in Corporate Stroytelling
Using the MBTI Type Tool in Corporate StroytellingUsing the MBTI Type Tool in Corporate Stroytelling
Using the MBTI Type Tool in Corporate StroytellingSimon Penny
 
Linked In Stats 22 05 11
Linked In Stats 22 05 11Linked In Stats 22 05 11
Linked In Stats 22 05 11Simon Penny
 
LinkedIn stats 29 04 11
LinkedIn stats 29 04 11LinkedIn stats 29 04 11
LinkedIn stats 29 04 11Simon Penny
 
Vocational Training in France
Vocational Training in FranceVocational Training in France
Vocational Training in FranceSimon Penny
 
What Is Competence
What Is CompetenceWhat Is Competence
What Is CompetenceSimon Penny
 
Dialogue Social Fr 06 04 07
Dialogue Social Fr 06 04 07Dialogue Social Fr 06 04 07
Dialogue Social Fr 06 04 07Simon Penny
 
Accord Gpec Schneider Electrique
Accord Gpec Schneider ElectriqueAccord Gpec Schneider Electrique
Accord Gpec Schneider ElectriqueSimon Penny
 
Cr RéUnion 3 Gpec Mars 2008
Cr RéUnion 3 Gpec Mars 2008Cr RéUnion 3 Gpec Mars 2008
Cr RéUnion 3 Gpec Mars 2008Simon Penny
 
RéUnion 2 Gpec Du 23 Janv 2008
RéUnion  2   Gpec Du 23 Janv 2008RéUnion  2   Gpec Du 23 Janv 2008
RéUnion 2 Gpec Du 23 Janv 2008Simon Penny
 
Excellence In Financial Management
Excellence In Financial ManagementExcellence In Financial Management
Excellence In Financial ManagementSimon Penny
 
LinkedIn stats 15 04 11
LinkedIn stats 15 04 11LinkedIn stats 15 04 11
LinkedIn stats 15 04 11Simon Penny
 
002 Engagement Strategy
002 Engagement Strategy002 Engagement Strategy
002 Engagement StrategySimon Penny
 
Ford Sells Hertz
Ford Sells HertzFord Sells Hertz
Ford Sells HertzSimon Penny
 

Mehr von Simon Penny (20)

Liasons Sociales Septodont Article Fév 2013
Liasons Sociales Septodont Article Fév 2013Liasons Sociales Septodont Article Fév 2013
Liasons Sociales Septodont Article Fév 2013
 
Septodont article Liasons Sociales feb 2013
Septodont article Liasons Sociales feb 2013Septodont article Liasons Sociales feb 2013
Septodont article Liasons Sociales feb 2013
 
Septodont Article Liasons Sociales Feb 2013
Septodont Article Liasons Sociales Feb 2013Septodont Article Liasons Sociales Feb 2013
Septodont Article Liasons Sociales Feb 2013
 
Septodont article liasons sociales feb 2013
Septodont article liasons sociales feb 2013Septodont article liasons sociales feb 2013
Septodont article liasons sociales feb 2013
 
Using the MBTI Type Tool in Corporate Stroytelling
Using the MBTI Type Tool in Corporate StroytellingUsing the MBTI Type Tool in Corporate Stroytelling
Using the MBTI Type Tool in Corporate Stroytelling
 
Linked In Stats 22 05 11
Linked In Stats 22 05 11Linked In Stats 22 05 11
Linked In Stats 22 05 11
 
LinkedIn stats 29 04 11
LinkedIn stats 29 04 11LinkedIn stats 29 04 11
LinkedIn stats 29 04 11
 
Vocational Training in France
Vocational Training in FranceVocational Training in France
Vocational Training in France
 
What Is Competence
What Is CompetenceWhat Is Competence
What Is Competence
 
Dialogue Social Fr 06 04 07
Dialogue Social Fr 06 04 07Dialogue Social Fr 06 04 07
Dialogue Social Fr 06 04 07
 
Accord Gpec Schneider Electrique
Accord Gpec Schneider ElectriqueAccord Gpec Schneider Electrique
Accord Gpec Schneider Electrique
 
Gpec Ibm
Gpec IbmGpec Ibm
Gpec Ibm
 
Cr RéUnion 3 Gpec Mars 2008
Cr RéUnion 3 Gpec Mars 2008Cr RéUnion 3 Gpec Mars 2008
Cr RéUnion 3 Gpec Mars 2008
 
RéUnion 2 Gpec Du 23 Janv 2008
RéUnion  2   Gpec Du 23 Janv 2008RéUnion  2   Gpec Du 23 Janv 2008
RéUnion 2 Gpec Du 23 Janv 2008
 
Strategy Locale
Strategy LocaleStrategy Locale
Strategy Locale
 
Gpec Sp
Gpec SpGpec Sp
Gpec Sp
 
Excellence In Financial Management
Excellence In Financial ManagementExcellence In Financial Management
Excellence In Financial Management
 
LinkedIn stats 15 04 11
LinkedIn stats 15 04 11LinkedIn stats 15 04 11
LinkedIn stats 15 04 11
 
002 Engagement Strategy
002 Engagement Strategy002 Engagement Strategy
002 Engagement Strategy
 
Ford Sells Hertz
Ford Sells HertzFord Sells Hertz
Ford Sells Hertz
 

Mbti Module Vet Final

  • 1. Learning Objectives MBTI Module 1: Introduction to the Myers-Briggs Type Instrument Course Description Exceptional veterinary teams are comprised of individuals who understand their personal strengths. They apply this knowledge in their collaborative and leadership capacities, resulting in improved professional practice and personal morale based on increased abilities to be effective in interpersonal relationships, communication, and decision making. The purpose of Module 1 is the acquisition of powerful information and insights that will help you understand your personal strengths in order to enhance your contribution to your veterinary team and to promote your effectiveness in relationships at home, at school, and in life. Course Content Learning Objectives ◆ Learn the purposes of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Optional and Recommended: Take the MBTI personality tool. Part 1: The MBTI Tool ◆ Know how the MBTI is similar to and different from other Personality assessment and the veterinary team personality inventories. Increasing self-awareness Understanding individual differences ◆ Understand the concept of “personality type.” Part 2: Understanding Type Optional and Recommended Benefits of understanding personality type ◆ Complete the MBTI. Register at myEVT.com. Part 3: MBTI Comparison ◆ Review your assessment report to become aware of your How the MBTI compares to other psychological tests type preferences. What makes the MBTI similar What makes the MBTI unique Achieve an increased awareness of your thoughts, Part 4: Carl Jung feelings, and behaviors: What is personality type? ◆ How you prefer to become energized. Personality type theory ◆ How you prefer to take in information. Recommended reading ◆ How you prefer to make decisions. Part 5: The Four Dichotomies The building blocks of personality type How you prefer to approach life. The four dichotomies The spice of life Recognize and respect your strengths and challenges. Exercise Develop awareness of how preference dichotomies impact Part 6: The Eight Preferences others’ thinking, feeling, and behaviors. Understanding your preferences The eight preferences Grasp that all preferences are equally valuable and useful. Required Materials Required course content is online. Be motivated to use what you have learned to benefit yourself Optional and recommended and others with whom you work or interact, such as Take the MBTI online at the EVT discounted price. the members of your veterinary team! 1The MBTI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI Tool Type Comparison 4 Carl 5 The 4 Jung Dichotomies 6 The 8 Preferences
  • 2. 1 The MBTI Tool By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC 1 2 The purpose 3 4 5 of learning about type is 6 7 8 9 10 11 to help you understand 12 13 14 15 16 17 yourself P E RS O N A L I T Y 18 19 20 better and to enhance your 21 Y 22 23 24 25 relationships 26 P 27 with others. —Isabel A S S E S S ME N T 28 29 30 31 Briggs Myers and the Veterinary Team • Understanding individual differences. Social awareness is the The purpose of the MBTI personality inventory is to make key to working well with others and the theory of psychological types described by Carl G. Jung the MBTI instrument helps people understandable and applicable. The essence of the theory is understand the differences in how that much seemingly random variation in people’s behavior people work and interact. is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic differences in the way individuals prefer to: Using these powerful insights we can discover how each person’s unique • Get energized personality type contributes to team • Take in information performance. Plus, we can learn new The Myers- • Make decisions, and ways to increase collaboration and Briggs Type • Approach life. improve relationships, productivity, Indicator and efficiency at work by considering (MBTI) is a These preferences are innate and hard-wired, in much the all points of view. ● valuable tool same way that you are born with a preference for either for personal right- or left-handedness. development notes When combined, your preferences form one of 16 unique and for personality types, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. building No type is inherently better or worse than any others. By healthy and understanding your type, and the type preferences of those productive around you, you gain powerful insights into maximizing your veterinary own effectiveness and your ability to work with others. health care teams. The MBTI tool is great for: • Increasing self-awareness. Self-awareness alone is a compelling predictor of success at work and accounts for one third of job performance. Awareness of your unique personality profile is an essential starting point. 1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies Carl The 4 6 The 8 Preferences
  • 3. 2 Understanding Type By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC Benefits of Understanding Personality Ty Pe U nderstanding and applying a knowledge of personality type leads to: • Enhanced leadership • Improved teamwork • Clearer communications • Greater utilization of personal strengths • Reduced conflicts • Improved decision making • Increased morale In developing the MBTI, the aim of Isabel Briggs Myers, and her mother, Katharine Briggs, was to make the insights of type theory easy to grasp. notes After more than 50 years, the MBTI assessment continues to be the best known and most trusted personality tool available today. More than 2 million assessments are administered to individuals annually. ● From developing more productive work teams to building closer families, the MBTI can improve the quality of life for anyone and any organization. 1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies Carl The 4 6 The 8 Preferences
  • 4. 3 MBTI Comparison By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC How MBTI Compares to Other Psychological Tests The Myers-Briggs Type MBTI Indicator (MBTI) is a psychological instrument that provides What Makes MBTI Unique information about Jungian-based personality or • The MBTI instrument does not evaluate psychological types. It is not considered to be a mental health; there are no bad or test or evaluation instrument, and there are no unhealthy results. right or wrong answers. The responses to the • The MBTI instrument sorts individuals questions give an indication of the person’s into opposite categories, both of which psychological type, and all types are positive or are desirable. Many instruments good. measure the amount or degree of a trait, The MBTI is similar to other psychological such as shyness or detail-orientation. instruments in that it is designed to assess some Usually, it is desirable to have more or qualities of an individual’s personality. People less of a trait, whereas with the MBTI are asked to respond to questions about their instrument both categories are desirable. preferences in various situations, and the result • The MBTI instrument does not compare is an indicated “type” of personality. Knowing your results to those of other people; it one’s type gives insight into motives, behaviors, does not evaluate you by comparing you and interactions with others. to any normal or pathological standard. • The MBTI instrument describes the The MBTI instrument is unlike many other psychological instruments interaction between all preferences in that it is not an assessment of mental health, intelligence, or unhealthy personality types or (called type dynamics) to create a whole patterns. The common psychological instrument may tell you, among other things, where you type pattern rather than just adding up are deficient, lacking or disturbed. It is not possible to have an MBTI result that is bad or the qualities of each separate preference. unhealthy. The MBTI instrument is intended for self-discovery—what is right with you. • The MBTI instrument allows you to It does not measure amounts of personality traits or quantities of thought or behavior. Most determine your own personality type psychological instruments report high or low amounts of a good or bad trait. The MBTI through a personal verification process, leaving the final assessment of your type instrument sorts personalities into different types that are qualitatively different. Just as apples in your hands. are different from oranges, one personality type is different from other types. Trait theory would tell you how much orange and how much apple you are. hSource: http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality- type/mbti-basics/different-from-other-instruments.asp It does not compare your results to that of other individuals. Most psychological tests evaluate you by comparing you to some normal or pathological standard. With the MBTI instrument your responses are the only values used to indicate your psychological type. Whether or not you are an extravert or an introvert is the important notes issue, not how you compare to other extraverts or introverts. The MBTI is It does not tell you what you are. Usually the results of a similar to psychological instrument are the final word. You are depressed or other dysfunctional in some way and the test told you so. With the MBTI psychological instrument, the type that the person reports on the Indicator is a hypothesis that needs to be verified by the respondent as he or she instruments in considers the descriptions of the reported and different types. This that it is leads to a best-fit type, and continued self-assessment may result in an designed to accurate indication of type that is different from the reported results. assess some Remember: you are the expert on you. It is up to you to decide how qualities of an and if type can enhance your life. ● individual’s hSource: capt.org/mbti-assessment/mbti-test-comparison.htm personality. 1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies Carl The 4 6 The 8 Preferences
  • 5. 4 Carl Jung By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC What Is Personality Type? Personality type (also referred to as psychological type) is based on the theory described by Carl Jung that seemingly random variation in people’s behavior is actually consistent and orderly. The concept is a practical and convenient framework for understanding and appreciating the differences e people ink about th among individuals. Take a m oment to th e. You can your practic you w ork with in ers who thin k ntify team memb An underlying personality pattern probably ide m you. As y ou d ifferently fro results from the dynamic interaction of and operate learning mo dule, basic preferences, environmental continue through this of see if some influences, and our own choices. We r attention to pay particula y be explain ed by tend to develop behaviors, skills, and these dif ferences ma e. attitudes associated with our type, and rsonality typ diffe rences in pe those with different types will likely be opposite to you in many ways, while Recommended Reading There are a vast number of books and articles that will people with the same personality types help you better understand the MBTI and how it to use naturally have similar interests and it. Some of classics in the field: views, behaviors, and motivations. 1. Health Care Communication Using Personality Type: Patients are Different! Allen J—Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis, 2000. Each type represents a valuable and 2. People Types and Tiger Stripes. Lawrence G—Gainesville: notes reasonable way to be. Each has its own Center for Application of Psychological Type, 2000. potential strengths, as well as its likely 3. Please Understand Me: Character and Temperament blind spots. Awareness of differences Types. Keirsey D, Bates—Del Mar, CA: Prometheus Nemesis Books, 1984. between types can help people 4. Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, and understand and value other people Intelligence. Keirsey D, Bates—Del Mar, CA: who think and act quite differently. ● Prometheus Nemesis Books, 1998. Just remember that, in the words of Isabel Myers, “Type does not explain everything. Human personality is much more complex.” 1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies Carl The 4 6 The 8 Preferences
  • 6. 5 The 4 Dichotomoies Exercise By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC In her studies of people and extensive reading of Jung’s theories, Isabel Myers concluded there were four primary ways people differed BUILDING THE from one another. She labeled these differences “preferences,” drawing a similarity to “hand preferences” to illustrate that although we all use both of our hands, most of us have a preference for one over the other and “it” takes the lead in many of the activities in which we use our hands. To experience this concept, try this simple BLOCKS exercise: • Take out a piece of paper and sign your name as you normally do. • Now, sign your name again, but this time use your other hand. OF PERSONALITY TYPE • How would you describe the experience of writing your name with your preferred hand? • With your nonpreferred hand? There are four key building blocks that make up our personality type. Each of the four • Most people who try this immediately notice building blocks is made up of a pair of opposite preferences. So there are two possible ways a number of differences: we can choose to use each building block at any given moment in time. Preferred Hand In type terms, these building blocks are called dichotomies and their pairs of opposite • Feels natural preferences are called poles. The MBTI reports preferences related to the following four • Didn’t think about it dichotomies. • Effortless, easy The Four Preference Dichotomies • Looks neat, legible, adult • Extraversion/Introversion How you prefer to get energized Nonpreferred Hand • Feels unnatural • Sensing/Intuition How you prefer to take in information • Had to concentrate while doing it • Thinking/Feeling How you prefer to make decisions • Awkward and clumsy • Judging/Perceiving How you prefer to approach life • Looks childlike legible, adult It is important to understand three key points. The words used to describe the preferences 1.You can and do use each of these eight preferences at different times. We use both for one hand over the other illustrate the poles at different times and in different contexts. However, we can’t use both at exactly theory of preferences in the MBTI: You can the same time and we don’t use both with equal confidence. use either hand when you have to, and you 2.Although you use all of the preferences, you tend to use one preference in each pair use both hands regularly; but for writing, one is natural, while the other often requires more than the other; one feels more comfortable, more natural. Neither is wrong. more effort and doesn’t come quite as easily. You can do both, but you prefer one. hSource: Introduction to Type, 6th ed. Myers IB— 3.Most importantly all eight of the preferences are equally valuable. All preferences Palo Alto, CA:CPP, 1998. are equally valuable and each type brings an important point of view when people interact. notes The Spice of Life “There is no A variety of types is best for a work group or team because many views right or wrong are represented. Although each type approaches situations differently, type, and there and another person’s approach may not be what you would choose, each are no better way can be effective. For example, let’s say you have a colleague at work named Nicole. or worse Nicole’s type may lead her to like doing things at the last minute, while combinations you are uncomfortable if everything isn’t scheduled and planned in of types in advance. Nicole may feel constrained when she has to plan far in work or advance. You are not right and Nicole wrong. Nicole is not right and relationships.” you wrong. Different ways, based on different personality types, work - Isabel for one of you and not for the other. Of course when you and Nicole work together, your differences can Briggs be irritating. This is when knowing about personality type can help. Myers You can accept her way as valid and she can accept yours. 1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies Carl The 4 6 The 8 Preferences
  • 7. 6 The 8 Preferences “Become By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC aware of your type biases Understanding Your (we all have them!) to avoid negative stereotyping.” Preferences - Isabel Briggs Myers The Eight Preferences Y our results from the MBTI instrument help you become aware of your personality preferences. How you prefer to E Extraversion I Introversion get energized People who prefer People who prefer A preference is what you like. You extraversion tend to introversion tend to may like, or prefer, peppermint candy focus on the outside focus on the inner world world and get energy and get energy through over butterscotch. You may prefer through interacting reflecting on reading over watching movies. This with people and doing information, ideas doesn’t mean you won’t sometimes things. and/or concepts. choose, or be pressured to choose, How you prefer to S Sensing N Intuition butterscotch candy or movies. But in take in information People who prefer People who prefer general you will prefer to choose sensing tend to notice intuition tend to pay peppermint and reading. and trust facts, details, attention to and trust and present realities. interrelationships, There are no right or wrong They like to take in theories, and future preferences. Reading is not better than information through possibilities. They are watching movies; each has its strengths the five senses drawn to the big picture. and its problems. Most people have the How you prefer to T Thinking F Feeling ability to do both, even if they don’t like make decisions People who prefer People who prefer one or the other. thinking tend to make feeling tend to make decisions using decisions to create Personality type, also called impartial, logical, and harmony by applying psychological type, is what you prefer objective analysis. person-centered values. when you are using your mind or focusing your attention. Studies and How you prefer to J Judging P Perceiving approach life People who prefer People who prefer experience have shown that there are judging tend to like a perceiving tend to adopt consistent patterns for each person. planned approach to a more spontaneous There are many benefits to life and are organized, approach to life and are orderly, structured, flexible, adaptable, and understanding your own preferences, and decisive. like to keep their including how they affect you, how they options open. affect your style of communication, and notes how they are different from what other Note: to avoid confusion, N is used as the abbreviation for Intuition and I for Introversion. people prefer. Preferences allow us to have different interests, different ways of Four of these eight preferences (E or I, S or N, T or F, J or P) make up a person’s MBTI type, also called behaving, and different ways of seeing psychological or personality type. As you act on your the world. type preferences, you create a unique approach to the While all the preferences are equal, world, to information, to decisions, and to other people. each has different strengths and different When the preferences are combined in all possible challenges. Knowing these personality ways, they form 16 distinct personality types. strengths and challenges for yourself and others can help you understand and appreciate how everyone contributes to a situation, a task, or the solution to a problem. 1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies Carl The 4 6 The 8 Preferences
  • 8. Learning Objectives MBTI Module 2: Course Content Exploring Your Preferences Optional and Recommended: Take the MBTI Part 7: Extraversion or Introversion Exploring your preferences Course Description How do you prefer to get energized? Understanding personal strengths is the cornerstone for enhancing What do extraversion and introversion look like? the development of exceptional veterinary teams. Through General characteristics applying this awareness, individual and collaborative leadership Extraversion and introversion in a veterinary practice capacities are enhanced, and all aspects of the veterinary practice Self-assessment are positively impacted. Part 8: Sensing or Intuition The purpose of Module 2 is to focus on the interpretation of the Exploring your preferences Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality type assessment. How do you prefer to take in information? Through these interpretations, 16 personality type preferences are What do sensing and intuition look like? understood and can be applied in any context. Utilizing type General characteristics Sensing and intuition in a veterinary practice preference knowledge promotes the effectiveness of your veterinary Self-assessment team to provide providing high-quality patient care, resulting in client adherence and loyalty…and professional satisfaction. Part 9: Thinking or Feeling Exploring your preferences Learning Objectives How do you prefer to make decisions? What do thinking and feeling look like? Optional and Recommended: Characteristics of people who prefer thinking vs feeling ◆ Complete the MBTI. (Register at myEVT.com.) Thinking and feeling in a veterinary practice ◆ Review your assessment report to become aware of your Self-assessment type preferences. Part 10: Judging or Perceiving Learn the general characteristics of each of the eight Exploring your preferences type preferences. How do you prefer to approach life? What do judging and perceiving look like? Discover how each of the type preferences is expressed. Characteristics of people who prefer judging vs perceiving Explore your preferences, comparing and contrasting Judging and perceiving in a veterinary practice examples to determine: Self-assessment ◆ How you prefer to get energized. ◆ How you prefer to take in information. Part 11: Your MBTI Results Your self-assessment results ◆ How you prefer to make decisions. Interpreting your MBTI Profile Report and ◆ How you prefer to approach life. Indicator Type What’s included on your MBTI Profile Report Explore and apply the understanding of team differences, using Determining your best fit type veterinary practice examples, as a means to strengthen Reasons your indicator type may not be your the practice team. best fit type Tips for discovering your best fit type Self-assess your type preferences. Questions to help provide clarity Find out what’s included on your MBTI Profile Report. Part 12: Whole Type Descriptions Use whole type descriptions to help verify your Receive guidance to interpret your MBTI Profile Report best fit type and your type preferences. Next steps Websites Books Articles Determine your best fit type. Required Materials • Required course content is online. Reflect on your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, applying Optional and recommended • Take the MBTI online at what you have learned about type preferences. the EVT discounted price. 7 E or I? 8 S or N? 9 T or F? 10 J or P? 11 Your MBTI Results 12 Whole Types
  • 9. 7 Extraversion or Introversion By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC Exploring Your Preferences: Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I) The Extraversion/Introversion (see How Do You Prefer To Get Energized? What Do Extraversion and Introversion The first pair of psychological preferences is Extraversion and Introversion. Look Like?) dichotomy of the MBTI Where do you put your attention and get your energy? Do you like to spend addresses these questions: time in the outer world of people and things (Extraversion), or in your inner world of ideas and images (Introversion)? ◆ Where do you focus your attention? ◆ How do you get energized? Extraversion and Introversion, as used by C.G. Jung, explain different ◆ Where do you direct your energy? attitudes people use to direct their energy. These words have a meaning in psychology that is different from the way they are used in everyday language. ◆ What tends to drain your energy? Everyone spends some time extraverting and some time introverting. Don’t ◆ How much and what kind of confuse Introversion with shyness or reclusiveness; they are not related. contact with others do you prefer? What Do Extraversion and Introversion Look Like? Which of the these descriptions seems more natural, effortless, and comfortable for you? Extraversion (E) Introversion (I) “Let’s talk this over.” “I need to think about this.” You are drawn to the outside world as your elemental source You draw your primary energy from the inner world of of energy. Rarely, if ever, do you feel your energy batteries information, thoughts, ideas, and other reflections. When are “drained” by excessive amounts of interaction with the circumstances require an excessive amount of attention outside world. You engage the things, people, places, and spent in the outside world, you find the need to retreat activities going on in the outside world for your life force. to a more private setting as if to recharge your drained batteries. Your energy is directed outward and stimulates action. Your energy is directed inward and stimulates reflection. You are responsive to what is going on in the environment. You achieve stability from attending to enduring ideas. You You learn and work best when able to share, discuss, and learn and work best by having time to relate, understand, process information with others. and process information on your own. 7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
  • 10. 7 Extraversion or Introversion General Characteristics Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Extraversion and Introversion. People who prefer Extraversion (E) People who prefer Introversion (I) ◆ Talk more than listen ◆ Listen more than talk ◆ Have broad interests ◆ Focus in depth on their interests ◆ Prefer to do lots of things at once ◆ Prefer to focus on one thing at a time ◆ Act first, think/reflect later ◆ Think/reflect first, then act ◆ Prefer a public role ◆ Prefer to work “behind-the-scenes” ◆ Prefer to communicate by talking ◆ Prefer to communicate in writing ◆ Talk about their thoughts ◆ Keep thoughts inside until they are clearly formulated ◆ Feel their best work is done with others ◆ Feel their best work is done alone ◆ Feel deprived when cutoff from interaction with ◆ Regularly require an amount of “private time” to the outside world recharge their batteries ◆ Need to experience the world before they can ◆ Need to understand the world before they understand it experience it ◆ Plunge in and try out ideas right away ◆ Try things out reflectively first ◆ Look outside themselves for ideas and stimulation ◆ Look inside themselves for ideas and stimulation ◆ Prefer a physical work space that facilitates ◆ Prefer a physical work space that allows for privacy interaction and concentration ◆ Assume that others are interested in what they ◆ Don’t assume that others want their opinion unless have to say they explicitly ask for it ◆ Engage with others to consider conflict ◆ Withdraw from others to consider conflict
  • 11. 7 Extraversion or Introversion Extraversion and Introversion in a Veterinary Practice Katharine and Isabel are licensed veterinary technicians with comparable experience and skills. They have similar roles at their practice, spending time interacting with clients and working on inpatient cases. While both are talented and committed team members, their contrasting work and communication styles are making it difficult for them—and the rest of the team—to work effectively together. Katharine prefers Extraversion Isabel prefers Introversion Katharine thrives on active, people-filled days and enjoys Isabel prefers working in the back of the hospital to talking with clients in the exam rooms and reception area. working up front with clients and is at her best when she Because she likes to be involved with activities involv- can concentrate and work independently, working on ing other people, Katharine finds it difficult to focus on tasks such as lab work or performing dental procedures. solitary tasks for long periods of time. She prefers more active work that requires several pairs of hands, like taking radiographs or surgery prep work. Katharine is energized by lively, wide-ranging discussions Isabel wants to “think things through,” and is more and likes to “talk things out.” Her conversation is rapid likely to engage in quiet conversations with space for paced and she often interrupts others to elaborate on and reflection. Her conversation pace is slower as she takes process thoughts. time to formulate and build thoughts and ideas inter- nally before speaking. The Result: Because both technicians naturally gravitate to the job functions they enjoy most, important things sometimes don’t get done, patient care suffers, and they resent each other for “shirking their responsibilities.” Isabel feels she “can’t get a word in edgewise,” but that it doesn’t really matter since Katharine never listens anyway. Isabel thinks Katharine has too many “half-baked ideas.” Katharine, meanwhile, wonders why Isabel is so secretive. An understanding of the MBTI personality framework can be a starting point for understanding and working through the differences between these two team members related to their preferences for Extraversion and Introversion. Self-Assessment: Select either Do You Prefer Extraversion or Introversion? Based on your understanding of Extraversion and Introversion, Extraversion or Introversion which preference do you think more accurately describes you? ❏ Extraversion (E) Each of us has two faces. One is directed towards the outer People who prefer Extraversion tend to focus world of activities, excitements, people, and things. The other is on the outside world and get energy through directed inward to the inner world of thoughts, interests, ideas, interacting with people and doing things. and imagination. These are two different but complementary sides of our nature. ❏ Introversion (I) Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different People who prefer Introversion tend to focus on times and in different situations, but which one is your most the inner world and get energy through reflect- natural energy orientation? ing on information, ideas and/or concepts.
  • 12. 8 Sensing or Intuition Exploring Your Preferences: Sensing (S) or Intuition (N) How Do You Prefer to Take in Information? The second pair of psychological preferences is Sensing and Intuition. Do you pay more attention to information that comes in through your five senses (Sensing), or do you pay more attention to the patterns and possibilities that you see in the information you receive (Intuition)? The Sensing/Intuition dichotomy of the MBTI addresses the following questions: ✤ What do you become aware of? ✤ What kind of information do you seek? ✤ What kind of information is important to you? ✤ What kinds of things do you tend to notice, or not notice? What Do Sensing and Intuition Look Like? Take a minute and ask yourself which of the following descriptions seems more natural, effortless, and comfortable for you? Sensing (S) Intuition (N) “Just the facts, please.” “I can see it all now.” You favor clear, tangible data and information that fit in well You are drawn to information that is more abstract, with your direct here-and-now experience. conceptual, big-picture, and represents imaginative possibilities for the future. You tend to have a mastery of the facts and a knowledge of You pay attention to insights and meanings and have a what materials and resources are available. grasp of what is possible and what the trends are. You have an appreciation of knowing and doing what works. You have an appreciation of doing what hasn’t been tried before. 7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
  • 13. 8 Sensing or Intuition General Characteristics Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Sensing and Intuition. People who prefer Sensing (S) People who prefer Intuition (N) ✤ Focus on details and specifics ✤ Focus on the big picture and possibilities ✤ Admire practical solutions ✤ Admire creative ideas ✤ Are pragmatic—see what is ✤ Are inventive—see what could be ✤ Value utility: approaches that are useful and ✤ Value novelty: approaches that stimulate the based on established principles imagination ✤ Live in the now, attending to present opportunities ✤ Live in the future, attending to future possibilities ✤ Take things literally, at face value ✤ Take things figuratively, looking for a deeper meaning ✤ Have a memory recall that is rich in detail of ✤ Have a memory recall that emphasizes patterns, facts and past events contexts, and connections ✤ Like step-by-step instructions ✤ Like to figure things out for themselves ✤ Work at a steady pace ✤ Work in bursts of energy ✤ Prefer to perfect established skills ✤ Prefer to learn new skills ✤ Like clear and concrete information; dislike ✤ Are comfortable with ambiguous, fuzzy data, and with guessing when facts are “fuzzy” guessing its meaning. ✤ Prefer to stay with the valuable, tried, and true ✤ Are excited by future possibilities when considering when considering change change ✤ Tend to follow instructions ✤ May create their own instructions ✤ Apply experience to problems ✤ Apply ingenuity to problems ✤ Need to be convinced ✤ Need to be inspired
  • 14. 8 Sensing or Intuition Sensing and Intuition in a Veterinary Practice Building on our previous example, while they differ in their preferences for Extraversion (E) and Introversion (I), both Katharine and Isabel share a common preference for Sensing (S). However, the practice owner, Dr. Jung, prefers Intuition (N). Katharine and Isabel prefer Sensing Dr. Jung prefers Intuition Katharine and Isabel excel at using tried and true meth- Dr. Jung loves to envision the future of the practice ods that use their existing skillsets and generally resist and make constant improvements in processes and changes that don’t seem necessary. They would rather get procedures. He can easily predict outcomes and see their work done then participate in strategic planning how changes will positively affect the big picture and meetings and their motto is, “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix the bottom line. His motto is, “If it ain’t broke, then it.” break it.” The technicians prefer to receive case management Dr. Jung is comfortable creating his own way of instructions in clear, stepwise fashion. They get frus- doing things without having to always rely on a trated when Dr. Jung supplies instructions in what they standard protocol. So he doesn’t understand why perceive to be vague, haphazard ways that lack specific Katharine and Isabel need what he thinks is so much detail and direction. unnecessary detail and why they want things laid out in concrete. The Result: Conflict results when Dr. Jung fails to recognize all the specific details involved in making changes to the practice work flow and Katharine and Isabel fail to understand the big picture and long-term benefits of proposed improve- ments. The technicians feel that Dr. Jung spends too much time on “pie in the sky” ideas instead of concentrating on the issues at hand. Dr. Jung resents the technicians for their apparent disinterest in the practice vision and getting mired in unimportant practicalities. Their differing preferences for Sensing and Intuition are causing difficulties and breakdowns in communication as one preference sees “the forest” while the other sees “the trees.” Both the details and the big picture must be considered for the best possible outcomes in this practice. Once Katharine, Isabel, and Dr. Jung understand personality type, these differences can become useful. Self-Assessment: Do You Prefer Sensing or Intuition? Select Either Based on your understanding of Sensing and Intuition, which prefer- ence do you think more accurately describes you? Sensing or Intuition The Sensing side of our brain notices the sights, sounds, smells, and ❏ Sensing (S) all the sensory details of the present. It categorizes, organizes, records, People who prefer Sensing tend to notice and stores the specifics from the here and now. It is reality based, deal- and trust facts, details, and present realities. ing with “what is.” It also provides the specific details of memory and They like to take in information through recollections from past events. the five senses. The Intuitive side of our brain seeks to understand, interpret, and form overall patterns of all the information that is collected and records these ❏ Intuition (N) People who prefer Intuition tend to pay patterns and relationships. It speculates on possibilities, including look- attention to and trust interrelationships, ing into and forecasting the future. It is imaginative and conceptual. theories, and future possibilities. They are Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different times and drawn to the big picture. in different situations, but which one of these kinds of perceiving do you instinctively tend to favor?
  • 15. 9 Thinking or Feeling By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC Exploring Your Preferences: Thinking (T) or Feeling (F) How Do You Prefer To Make Decisions? This third preference pair describes how you like to make decisions. Do you like to put more weight on objective prin- ciples and impersonal facts (Thinking) or do you put more weight on personal concerns and the people involved (Feeling)? Don’t confuse Feeling with emotion. Everyone has emo- The Thinking/Feeling dichotomy of the tions about the decisions they make. Also do not confuse MBTI addresses the following questions: Thinking with intelligence. ◆ What do you rely on when making a decision? Everyone uses Thinking for some decisions and Feeling ◆ What kinds of decisions do you like to make? for others. In fact, a person can make a decision using his or ◆ What consequences are you likely to consider her preference, then test the decision by using the other prefer- when making a decision? ence to see what might not have been taken into account. ◆ How do you evaluate the opinions or decisions of others? What Do Thinking and Feeling Look Like? Ask yourself which of the following descriptions seems more natural, effortless, and comfortable for you. Thinking (T) Feeling (F) “Is this logical?” “Will anyone be hurt?” You have a natural preference for making decisions in an You make your decisions in a somewhat global, visceral, objective, logical, and analytical manner with an emphasis harmony, and value-oriented way, paying particular on tasks and results to be accomplished. attention to the impact of decisions and actions on other people. You objectively analyze the pros and cons of a situation, You desire to uncover the greatest good in a situation and even when you have a personal stake. notice when people may be harmed. You want to discover the “truth” and naturally notice You know what is important to people and adhere to that logical inconsistencies. in the face of opposition. 7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
  • 16. 9 Thinking or Feeling Characteristics of People Who Prefer Thinking Vs Feeling Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Thinking and Feeling. People who prefer Thinking (T) People who prefer Feeling (F) ◆ Are honest and direct ◆ Are diplomatic and tactful ◆ Instinctively search for facts and logic in a decision ◆ Instinctively employ personal feelings and impact on situation people in decision situations ◆ Weigh the pros and cons when making decisions ◆ Sort through personal values when making decisions ◆ Are more likely to critique first and compliment later ◆ Are more likely to compliment first and critique later ◆ Tend toward skepticism, controversy, and impartiality ◆ Tend toward acceptance, tolerance, and sympathy ◆ Are motivated by achievement ◆ Are motivated by appreciation ◆ Naturally notice tasks and work to be accomplished ◆ Are naturally sensitive to the needs of others and the work process ◆ Typically respond by first asking questions and ◆ Typically respond by first looking for common ground challenging what is said and expressing agreement or sharing concern ◆ Expect that the best ideas and solutions emerge from ◆ Expect that the best ideas and solutions emerge from argument and debate cooperation and building on everyone’s contribution ◆ Prefer situations where they can critique and get ◆ Prefer situations where personally helping people is mastery over the main work ◆ Do their best work when they can take an analytical ◆ Do their best work when personal relationships and approach to new ideas and situations harmony are the context for their learning ◆ Believe fairness means treating everyone by the same ◆ Believe fairness means taking individual needs into standards account ◆ Are more interested in justice ◆ Are more interested in mercy ◆ Take few things personally ◆ Take many things personally ◆ Accept conflict as a natural, normal part of ◆ Are unsettled by conflict; want to avoid disharmony relationships with people
  • 17. 9 Thinking or Feeling Thinking and Feeling in a Veterinary Practice In addition to sharing a preference for Sensing (S), Katharine and Isabel also both prefer Feeling (F). Their com- mon preferences for Sensing (S) and Feeling (F) might well explain what draws them to work in a veterinary health care environment—they both seek practical ways to help and serve both pets and people. They also want to be part of a predictable and harmonious work environment. In contrast, Dr. Jung has a preference for Thinking (T). Combined with his preference for Intuition (N), this means that he differs significantly from both technicians in how he prefers to take in information and make decisions. Let’s look at how their differing approaches to decision making play out: Dr. Jung prefers Thinking Katharine and Isabel prefer Feeling When making decisions, Dr. Jung will tend to look ob- When making decisions, Katharine and Isabel, tend to jectively at a situation, then consider the people aspects, consider the effect on people first, then look at the logic and then return to the objective information to make a involved, and then return to the Feeling data for the final final decision. decision. When considering how to staff the practice to best serve When considering staffing issues and delivering client clients, Dr. Jung is more likely to focus on the following service, Katharine and Isabel will consider a different set questions: of questions: ◆ What are the pros and cons of acting on different ◆ What are the people consequences for both the team options? and the client of each option? ◆ What is the most reasonable course of action? ◆ How will the team members and clients respond to ◆ What are the financial costs and considerations? each scenario? ◆ What strategies are needed to achieve each potential ◆ What do we personally like and dislike about what outcome? we’re considering here? ◆ Who is committed to carrying out this plan? The Result: Dr. Jung is sometimes exasperated by what he sees as the wishy washy, touchy-feely approach to problems that Katharine and Isabel seem to have. “Why can’t they be rational?,” he thinks. Katharine and Isabel are sometimes put off by Dr. Jung’s apparent complete disregard for people’s perspectives and feelings. It’s important to understand that both these ways of making decisions are rational, they are just based on different priorities and different data sets. Both Thinking and Feeling preferences are essential for the competent and sensitive delivery of healthcare services as well as the management of the veterinary health care team. Self-Assessment: Do You Prefer Thinking or Feeling? Based on your understanding of Thinking and Feeling, which prefer- Select Either ence do you think more accurately describes you? Thinking or Feeling The Thinking side of our brain analyzes information in a detached, objective fashion. It operates from factual principles, deduces, and ❏ Thinking (T) forms conclusions systematically. It is our logical nature. People who prefer Thinking tend to make decisions using impartial, logical, and The Feeling side of our brain forms conclusions in an attached and objective analysis. somewhat global manner, based on likes/dislikes, impact on others, and human and aesthetic values. It is our subjective nature. ❏ Feeling (F) Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different times People who prefer Feeling tend to make and in different situations, but which one of these ways of forming decisions to create harmony by applying conclusions do you lean toward? person-centered values.
  • 18. 10 Judging or Perceiving Exploring Your Preferences: Judging (J) or Perceiving (P) How Do You Prefer To Approach Life? This fourth preference pair describes how you like to live your outer life; what behaviors others tend to see. Do you prefer a more structured and decided lifestyle (Judging) or a more flexible and adaptable lifestyle (Perceiving)? This preference may also be thought of as your orientation to the outer world. The Judging-Perceiving dichotomy of the MBTI addresses the following questions: ✦ Do you deal with the outer world by gathering information about it or by making decisions about it? ✦ How much structure do you like or need? Don’t confuse Judging and Perceiving ✦ How do you approach tasks that need to be done? with a person’s level of organization. ✦ How much information do you want? Either preference can be organized. What Do Judging and Perceiving Look Like? Take a minute and ask yourself which of the following descriptions seems more natural, effortless, and comfortable for you? Judging (J) Perceiving (P) “Just do something.” “Let’s wait and see.” You rely upon either your T or F preference to manage You rely upon either your S or N preference to run your outer life. This typically leads to a style oriented your outer life. This typically results in an open, adapt- toward closure, organization, planning, or in some fashion able, flexible style of relating to the things and people managing the things and or people found in the external found in the outside world; and you quickly respond environment. The drive is to order the outside world. to the needs of the moment. The drive is to experience While you may have an assertive manner, your “ordering the outside world rather than order it. So, in general, touch”—with respect to other people—may be light. you easily tolerate a lack of closure. You like to push to get things settled and decided. You strive to keep your options open so new informa- tion may be gathered. You have an appreciation of well-organized efficiency. You have an appreciation of the need for spontaneity and exploration. 7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
  • 19. 10 Judging or Perceiving Characteristics of People Who Prefer Judging Vs Perceiving Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Judging and Perceiving. People who prefer Judging (J) People who prefer Perceiving (P) ✦ Want things decided ✦ Want to keep their options open ✦ Feel anxious until things are settled ✦ Feel anxious if there is pressure to settle things too quickly ✦ Make most decisions pretty easily, but may decide too ✦ May have difficulty making decisions and avoid quickly decisions altogether ✦ Control their environment ✦ Understand their environment ✦ Schedule their time, set dates, and make arrangements ✦ Leave scheduling options open as long as possible ✦ Find comfort in schedules ✦ Want the freedom to be spontaneous ✦ Like to make and stick with plans ✦ Like to keep plans flexible ✦ Avoid problems by anticipating and planning ahead ✦ Solve problems if and when they arise ✦ Are serious and conventional ✦ Are playful and unconventional ✦ Prefer to finish projects ✦ Prefer to start projects ✦ Talk about definite results: focusing on goals, ✦ Talk about a general course of action, emphasizing objectives, and outcomes direction, thrust, and approach ✦ Stop taking in information as soon as they have ✦ Keep taking in information because there is always enough to make a decision something more to understand ✦ Like to have due dates and to stay well ahead of them ✦ Like to follow their curiosity and work best under pressure as deadlines approach ✦ Prefer to know exactly what they are accountable for ✦ Prefer to have genuine choices and flexibility in assignments ✦ See the need for most rules ✦ Question the need for many rules
  • 20. 10 Judging or Perceiving Judging and Perceiving in a Veterinary Practice Without an understanding of personality preferences, Isabel’s and Katharine’s contrasting approaches to managing their work day have the potential to negatively affect their work relationship. Isabel prefers Judging Katharine prefers Perceiving Isabel likes to draw a very clear line around her respon- Katharine is prepared to drop everything to get a sibilities and resists when asked to take on any new or critical job done in a hurry; consequently, non-urgent unscheduled tasks or activities. She completes her tasks tasks sometimes get neglected and she sometimes gets quickly, competently, and on time, following through behind schedule on all her commitments Isabel is decisive, working best when she can organize Katharine prefers to continually explore options; she and finish tasks. She feels comfortable once a decision enjoys starting tasks and leaving them open for last- is made and she is free to focus on what needs to be minute changes, gathering as much information as completed. possible and keeping her options open. The Result: Katharine—and other team members—see Isabel as reliable but very rigid. Katharine is seen as flexible, but not always dependable. Tension erupts when discussing how to comanage their technician duties. Isabel tries to limit op- tions, which stifles Katharine’s open-ended exploratory process. Katharine feels that Isabel decides things too quickly and is resistant to revising decisions, even when compelling new information becomes available. The MBTI can help everyone concerned appreciate their own strengths and realize that others aren’t purposely trying to drive them crazy, that’s just the way they’re wired. Self-Assessment: Do You Prefer Judging or Perceiving? Based on your understanding of Judging and Perceiving, which preference do you think more accurately describes you? A Judging style approaches the outside world with a plan and is oriented towards organizing one’s surroundings, being prepared, making decisions and reaching closure and completion. A Perceiving style takes the outside world as it comes and is adopting and adapting, flexible, open-ended and receptive to Select either new opportunities and changing game plans. Judging or Perceiving Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different times and in different situations, but which one of these is the most natural orientation towards life? ❏ Judging (J) People who prefer Judging tend to like a planned approach to life and are organized, orderly, Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers structured, and decisive. added the Judging-Perceiving dimension to C.J. Jung’s typo- logical model, identifying the preference for using either the ❏ Perceiving (P) Judging function (Thinking or Feeling) or Perceiving function People who prefer Perceiving tend to adopt a more (Sensing or Intuition) when relating to the outside world. spontaneous approach to life and are flexible, adaptable, and like to keep their options open.
  • 21. 11 Your MBTI Results Your Self-Assessment Results Based on your selections for each pair of preference dichotomies thus far, your Self-Assessed MBTI Personality Type is: I or E; S or N; F or P; T or J The next step is to compare this to your Indicator Type as reported by the MBTI Instrument, available to Exceptional Veterinary Team subcribers at myEVT.com. When you receive your report, return to complete the learning module and verify your Best Fit Type. Interpreting Your MBTI Profile Report and Indicator Type The two-page MBTI Profile report is designed to help you understand your results on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment. Based on your individual responses, the MBTI instrument produces results that identify which of the 16 different personality types best describes you. What’s Included on Your MBTI Profile Report The first page of the report conveys your four-letter Indicator Type (also referred to as your Reported Type). The Preference Clarity Index (PCI) on page 2 of the report indicate how clear you were in expressing your preference for a particular pole over its opposite. Higher numerical scores suggest you are more certain about your preference, while lower scores suggest you are less sure about that preference. These number scores do not measure skills or ability or degree of use for a specific preference, only preference clarity. ® FIONA SMITH / ISTJ June 28, 2009 Type Indicator Myers-Briggs Profile At the bottom of page 2 of your report, you can read a brief description of your Indicator Type. ed to help you results on the Myers- Briggs Type Indicat understand your ses, the MBTI instrument produc type or® es results ality This profile is design Based on your individual respon best describes you. Your person two opposite ent. (MBTI ) assessm sixteen different personality types sed of each category compo ® ality to identif y which of separat e categories, with form the basis of a person's person preferences in four key areas that combine to represents your e categories describ poles. The four as follows: · Where you focus your attention — Extrave information — Sensing (S) or rsion (E) or Introver Feeling (F) Intuition (N) · The way you take indecisions — Thinking (T) or(J) or Perceiving (P) · The way you make the outer world — Judging sion (I) Does the description seem to fit? Many people find that their Indicator Type description describes · How you deal with on your respon ses is indicated by the four letters Your MBTI type your reported MBTI type is ISTJ, to the assessment, results are highlig hted below. preferences. Based representing your as Introverted Sensing with also described them quite well. Here’s the bottom line, though. The MBTI Profile Report does not tell you what you Thinking. Your Reported Type: ISTJ Extraversion People who prefer Extraversion tend to focus their people and things. I Introversion attention on the Introversion tend inner to focus their People who prefer world of ideas and impressio ns. are. Usually the results of a psychological instrument are the final word. But with the MBTI instru- outer world of ment, your Indicator Type is a hypothesis that needs to be verified. Your continued self-assessment Where you focus your attention E attention on the Intuition Intuition tend to take in informatio n People who prefer and focus on future the big picture N from patterns and Sensing Sensing tend to take in People who prefer and focus on possibilities. The way the five senses you take in S information through the here and now. may result in you selecting a Best Fit Type that is different than the reported results. Feeling Feeling tend to make decisions information People who prefer on subjective Thinking on values and F make decisions based primarily . Thinking tend to ntered concerns People who prefer objective analysis evaluation of person-ce The way on logic and on you make decisions T based primarily of cause and effect. Perceiving Perceiving tend to like a flexible People who prefer and prefer to keep approach to life How you Judging People who prefer Judging tend to approach to life like a planned and prefer to have P and spontaneous their options open. deal with the J and organized things settled. outer world e the they also indicat e your preferences; your preference for a par- ent not only indicat expressing the to the MBTI assessmthat is, how clear you were in index, or pci. The bar graph on Your responses your preferences— preference clarity about your prefer- relative clarity of opposite. This is known as the bar suggests you are quite sure its ticular pole over . Note that a longer nce. your pci results about that prefere next page charts bar sugges ts you are less sure ence, while a shorter You are the expert on you and the final judge of your Best Fit Type. 7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
  • 22. 11 Your MBTI Results Determining Best Fit Type is simply the four-letter type that you Your Best Fit Type think best fits you. It’s the type that you feel represents your natural preferences. Compare your Self-Assessed Type with your Indicator Type from your profile report. Are they the same? Congratulations! You’ve likely determined your Best Fit Type. Skip to the Whole Type Descriptions section to read the description for your four-letter type and verify that the description fits. The percentage of agreement between a person’s Self-Assessed Type and his or her reported type is 70% to 80%. Agreement on three of the preference dichotomies rather than all four is around 95%. Sometimes circumstances of your life can lead you to answer the questions on the MBTI instrument so that your reported MBTI type does not reflect your true preferences. Reasons Your Indicator Type May Not Be Your Best Fit Type ◆ You may still be developing your preferences (this is especially true of young people). ◆ You may have completed the MBTI questionnaire based on expectations or preferences of your parents, family, or friends. ◆ You may have based your answers on what you feel Tips for Discovering Your Best Fit Type is required by your work or current situation rather than what you actually prefer. Focus on your whole type, not on your individual preferences. ◆ You may be worried that someone in authority will see the results and disagree with your preferences. People often focus on pairs of preferences. But MBTI type theory is about whole types, in which ◆ You may not be acting typically because of stress or a preferences interact in ways unique to each of the 16 crisis. types. Start with what you are sure about. Read all the ◆ You may be reacting to cultural pressure to have type descriptions that include the preferences you are certain preferences (for example, planning ahead or sure of. At this point, you may find a type that you being outgoing). know is yours. ◆ You may be in your teens or early 20s and therefore Suppose you are unsure whether you prefer, for still exploring your preferences, or you may be at example, Sensing (S) or Intuition (N), but the other midlife and working to develop the less-preferred preferences Extraversion (E), Thinking (T), and Judg- functions. In terms of establishing Best Fit Type, ing (J) are clear to you. The real question at this point either situation can confuse the issue. is not whether you are an S or an N, but whether you are an ESTJ or an ENTJ. The essences of those two ◆ Your type may itself be the source of difficulty in get- types are very different. ting to a best-fit type with which you are comfortable. For example, those who prefer Perceiving favor taking The ESTJ is focused on getting things done smoothly in more information rather than coming to a conclu- and efficiently. As an SJ, you have a core need for seek- sion quickly; those with a preference for Judging on ing the good of the community, a sense of belonging, the other hand may rush to conclusions too early. and learning from the past. Those who prefer Intuition may engage in too many The ENTJ, on the other hand, is focused on imple- possibilities; and those who prefer Sensing and Judg- menting new ideas and challenges. As an NT, you are ing may feel the pull of duty to be a certain type. likely to be concerned primarily with competence and intellectual resourcefulness.