1. Learning Objectives
MBTI Module 1: Introduction to the
Myers-Briggs Type Instrument
Course Description
Exceptional veterinary teams are comprised of individuals who
understand their personal strengths. They apply this knowledge
in their collaborative and leadership capacities, resulting in
improved professional practice and personal morale based on
increased abilities to be effective in interpersonal relationships,
communication, and decision making.
The purpose of Module 1 is the acquisition of powerful
information and insights that will help you understand your
personal strengths in order to enhance your contribution to
your veterinary team and to promote your effectiveness in
relationships at home, at school, and in life.
Course Content
Learning Objectives
◆ Learn the purposes of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Optional and Recommended: Take the MBTI
personality tool. Part 1: The MBTI Tool
◆ Know how the MBTI is similar to and different from other Personality assessment and the veterinary team
personality inventories. Increasing self-awareness
Understanding individual differences
◆ Understand the concept of “personality type.”
Part 2: Understanding Type
Optional and Recommended Benefits of understanding personality type
◆ Complete the MBTI. Register at myEVT.com.
Part 3: MBTI Comparison
◆ Review your assessment report to become aware of your
How the MBTI compares to other psychological tests
type preferences. What makes the MBTI similar
What makes the MBTI unique
Achieve an increased awareness of your thoughts,
Part 4: Carl Jung
feelings, and behaviors:
What is personality type?
◆ How you prefer to become energized. Personality type theory
◆ How you prefer to take in information. Recommended reading
◆ How you prefer to make decisions.
Part 5: The Four Dichotomies
The building blocks of personality type
How you prefer to approach life. The four dichotomies
The spice of life
Recognize and respect your strengths and challenges. Exercise
Develop awareness of how preference dichotomies impact Part 6: The Eight Preferences
others’ thinking, feeling, and behaviors. Understanding your preferences
The eight preferences
Grasp that all preferences are equally valuable and useful.
Required Materials
Required course content is online.
Be motivated to use what you have learned to benefit yourself
Optional and recommended
and others with whom you work or interact, such as Take the MBTI online at the EVT discounted price.
the members of your veterinary team!
1The MBTI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
Tool Type Comparison 4 Carl 5 The 4
Jung Dichotomies 6 The 8
Preferences
2. 1 The MBTI Tool
By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC
1 2
The purpose
3 4 5
of learning
about type is
6 7 8 9 10 11 to help you
understand
12 13 14 15 16 17 yourself
P E RS O N A L I T Y
18 19 20
better and to
enhance your
21
Y 22 23 24 25
relationships
26
P 27
with others.
—Isabel
A S S E S S ME N T
28 29 30 31
Briggs
Myers
and the Veterinary Team
• Understanding individual
differences. Social awareness is the
The purpose of the MBTI personality inventory is to make key to working well with others and
the theory of psychological types described by Carl G. Jung the MBTI instrument helps people
understandable and applicable. The essence of the theory is understand the differences in how
that much seemingly random variation in people’s behavior people work and interact.
is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic
differences in the way individuals prefer to: Using these powerful insights we can
discover how each person’s unique
• Get energized
personality type contributes to team
• Take in information
performance. Plus, we can learn new
The Myers- • Make decisions, and
ways to increase collaboration and
Briggs Type • Approach life.
improve relationships, productivity,
Indicator and efficiency at work by considering
(MBTI) is a These preferences are innate and hard-wired, in much the
all points of view. ●
valuable tool same way that you are born with a preference for either
for personal right- or left-handedness.
development notes
When combined, your preferences form one of 16 unique
and for
personality types, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.
building No type is inherently better or worse than any others. By
healthy and understanding your type, and the type preferences of those
productive around you, you gain powerful insights into maximizing your
veterinary own effectiveness and your ability to work with others.
health care
teams. The MBTI tool is great for:
• Increasing self-awareness.
Self-awareness alone is a compelling predictor of success at
work and accounts for one third of job performance.
Awareness of your unique personality profile is an essential
starting point.
1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
Carl The 4
6 The 8
Preferences
3. 2 Understanding Type
By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC
Benefits of Understanding
Personality
Ty Pe
U
nderstanding and applying a
knowledge of personality type
leads to:
• Enhanced leadership
• Improved teamwork
• Clearer communications
• Greater utilization of personal
strengths
• Reduced conflicts
• Improved decision making
• Increased morale
In developing the MBTI, the aim of
Isabel Briggs Myers, and her mother,
Katharine Briggs, was to make the
insights of type theory easy to grasp.
notes
After more than 50 years, the MBTI
assessment continues to be the best
known and most trusted personality
tool available today. More than 2
million assessments are administered to
individuals annually. ●
From developing more productive work teams
to building closer families, the MBTI can
improve the quality of life for anyone and any
organization.
1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
Carl The 4
6 The 8
Preferences
4. 3 MBTI Comparison
By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC
How MBTI Compares to Other
Psychological Tests
The Myers-Briggs Type MBTI Indicator (MBTI)
is a psychological instrument that provides What Makes MBTI Unique
information about Jungian-based personality or
• The MBTI instrument does not evaluate
psychological types. It is not considered to be a mental health; there are no bad or
test or evaluation instrument, and there are no unhealthy results.
right or wrong answers. The responses to the
• The MBTI instrument sorts individuals
questions give an indication of the person’s into opposite categories, both of which
psychological type, and all types are positive or are desirable. Many instruments
good. measure the amount or degree of a trait,
The MBTI is similar to other psychological such as shyness or detail-orientation.
instruments in that it is designed to assess some Usually, it is desirable to have more or
qualities of an individual’s personality. People less of a trait, whereas with the MBTI
are asked to respond to questions about their instrument both categories are desirable.
preferences in various situations, and the result • The MBTI instrument does not compare
is an indicated “type” of personality. Knowing your results to those of other people; it
one’s type gives insight into motives, behaviors, does not evaluate you by comparing you
and interactions with others. to any normal or pathological standard.
• The MBTI instrument describes the
The MBTI instrument is unlike many other psychological instruments interaction between all preferences
in that it is not an assessment of mental health, intelligence, or unhealthy personality types or (called type dynamics) to create a whole
patterns. The common psychological instrument may tell you, among other things, where you type pattern rather than just adding up
are deficient, lacking or disturbed. It is not possible to have an MBTI result that is bad or the qualities of each separate preference.
unhealthy. The MBTI instrument is intended for self-discovery—what is right with you. • The MBTI instrument allows you to
It does not measure amounts of personality traits or quantities of thought or behavior. Most determine your own personality type
psychological instruments report high or low amounts of a good or bad trait. The MBTI through a personal verification process,
leaving the final assessment of your type
instrument sorts personalities into different types that are qualitatively different. Just as apples
in your hands.
are different from oranges, one personality type is different from other types. Trait theory would
tell you how much orange and how much apple you are. hSource: http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-
type/mbti-basics/different-from-other-instruments.asp
It does not compare your results to that of other individuals. Most psychological tests
evaluate you by comparing you to some normal or pathological standard. With the MBTI
instrument your responses are the only values used to indicate your psychological type.
Whether or not you are an extravert or an introvert is the important notes
issue, not how you compare to other extraverts or introverts.
The MBTI is It does not tell you what you are. Usually the results of a
similar to psychological instrument are the final word. You are depressed or
other dysfunctional in some way and the test told you so. With the MBTI
psychological instrument, the type that the person reports on the Indicator is a
hypothesis that needs to be verified by the respondent as he or she
instruments in
considers the descriptions of the reported and different types. This
that it is leads to a best-fit type, and continued self-assessment may result in an
designed to accurate indication of type that is different from the reported results.
assess some Remember: you are the expert on you. It is up to you to decide how
qualities of an and if type can enhance your life. ●
individual’s hSource: capt.org/mbti-assessment/mbti-test-comparison.htm
personality.
1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
Carl The 4
6 The 8
Preferences
5. 4 Carl Jung
By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC
What Is
Personality
Type?
Personality type (also referred to as psychological
type) is based on the theory described by Carl Jung
that seemingly random variation in people’s
behavior is actually consistent and orderly. The
concept is a practical and convenient framework
for understanding and appreciating the differences
e people
ink about th
among individuals. Take a m oment to th e. You can
your practic
you w ork with in ers who thin
k
ntify team memb
An underlying personality pattern probably ide m you. As y
ou
d ifferently fro
results from the dynamic interaction of and operate learning mo
dule,
basic preferences, environmental
continue through this of
see if some
influences, and our own choices. We r attention to
pay particula y be explain
ed by
tend to develop behaviors, skills, and
these dif ferences ma e.
attitudes associated with our type, and rsonality typ
diffe rences in pe
those with different types will likely be
opposite to you in many ways, while Recommended Reading
There are a vast number of books and articles that will
people with the same personality types help you better understand the MBTI and how it to use
naturally have similar interests and it. Some of classics in the field:
views, behaviors, and motivations. 1. Health Care Communication Using Personality Type:
Patients are Different! Allen J—Philadelphia: Taylor and
Francis, 2000.
Each type represents a valuable and
2. People Types and Tiger Stripes. Lawrence G—Gainesville:
notes
reasonable way to be. Each has its own Center for Application of Psychological Type, 2000.
potential strengths, as well as its likely 3. Please Understand Me: Character and Temperament
blind spots. Awareness of differences Types. Keirsey D, Bates—Del Mar, CA: Prometheus
Nemesis Books, 1984.
between types can help people
4. Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, and
understand and value other people Intelligence. Keirsey D, Bates—Del Mar, CA:
who think and act quite differently. ● Prometheus Nemesis Books, 1998.
Just remember that, in the words of Isabel
Myers, “Type does not explain everything. Human
personality is much more complex.”
1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
Carl The 4
6 The 8
Preferences
6. 5 The 4 Dichotomoies
Exercise
By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC In her studies of people and extensive reading
of Jung’s theories, Isabel Myers concluded
there were four primary ways people differed
BUILDING
THE from one another. She labeled these
differences “preferences,” drawing a
similarity to “hand preferences” to illustrate
that although we all use both of our hands,
most of us have a preference for one over the
other and “it” takes the lead in many of the
activities in which we use our hands.
To experience this concept, try this simple
BLOCKS
exercise:
• Take out a piece of paper and sign your
name as you normally do.
• Now, sign your name again, but this time
use your other hand.
OF PERSONALITY TYPE • How would you describe the experience of
writing your name with your preferred
hand?
• With your nonpreferred hand?
There are four key building blocks that make up our personality type. Each of the four • Most people who try this immediately notice
building blocks is made up of a pair of opposite preferences. So there are two possible ways a number of differences:
we can choose to use each building block at any given moment in time. Preferred Hand
In type terms, these building blocks are called dichotomies and their pairs of opposite
• Feels natural
preferences are called poles. The MBTI reports preferences related to the following four
• Didn’t think about it
dichotomies.
• Effortless, easy
The Four Preference Dichotomies • Looks neat, legible, adult
• Extraversion/Introversion How you prefer to get energized Nonpreferred Hand
• Feels unnatural
• Sensing/Intuition How you prefer to take in information
• Had to concentrate while doing it
• Thinking/Feeling How you prefer to make decisions
• Awkward and clumsy
• Judging/Perceiving How you prefer to approach life
• Looks childlike legible, adult
It is important to understand three key points. The words used to describe the preferences
1.You can and do use each of these eight preferences at different times. We use both for one hand over the other illustrate the
poles at different times and in different contexts. However, we can’t use both at exactly theory of preferences in the MBTI: You can
the same time and we don’t use both with equal confidence. use either hand when you have to, and you
2.Although you use all of the preferences, you tend to use one preference in each pair use both hands regularly; but for writing, one
is natural, while the other often requires
more than the other; one feels more comfortable, more natural. Neither is wrong. more effort and doesn’t come quite as easily.
You can do both, but you prefer one.
hSource: Introduction to Type, 6th ed. Myers IB—
3.Most importantly all eight of the preferences are equally valuable. All preferences Palo Alto, CA:CPP, 1998.
are equally valuable and each type brings an important point of view when people
interact.
notes
The Spice of Life “There is no
A variety of types is best for a work group or team because many views right or wrong
are represented. Although each type approaches situations differently, type, and there
and another person’s approach may not be what you would choose, each are no better
way can be effective.
For example, let’s say you have a colleague at work named Nicole.
or worse
Nicole’s type may lead her to like doing things at the last minute, while combinations
you are uncomfortable if everything isn’t scheduled and planned in of types in
advance. Nicole may feel constrained when she has to plan far in work or
advance. You are not right and Nicole wrong. Nicole is not right and relationships.”
you wrong. Different ways, based on different personality types, work - Isabel
for one of you and not for the other.
Of course when you and Nicole work together, your differences can
Briggs
be irritating. This is when knowing about personality type can help. Myers
You can accept her way as valid and she can accept yours.
1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
Carl The 4
6 The 8
Preferences
7. 6 The 8 Preferences
“Become
By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC
aware of your
type biases
Understanding Your (we all have
them!) to
avoid negative
stereotyping.”
Preferences - Isabel
Briggs
Myers
The Eight Preferences
Y our results from the MBTI
instrument help you become aware
of your personality preferences.
How you prefer to E Extraversion I Introversion
get energized People who prefer People who prefer
A preference is what you like. You extraversion tend to introversion tend to
may like, or prefer, peppermint candy focus on the outside focus on the inner world
world and get energy and get energy through
over butterscotch. You may prefer through interacting reflecting on
reading over watching movies. This with people and doing information, ideas
doesn’t mean you won’t sometimes things. and/or concepts.
choose, or be pressured to choose, How you prefer to S Sensing N Intuition
butterscotch candy or movies. But in take in information People who prefer People who prefer
general you will prefer to choose sensing tend to notice intuition tend to pay
peppermint and reading. and trust facts, details, attention to and trust
and present realities. interrelationships,
There are no right or wrong They like to take in theories, and future
preferences. Reading is not better than information through possibilities. They are
watching movies; each has its strengths the five senses drawn to the big picture.
and its problems. Most people have the How you prefer to T Thinking F Feeling
ability to do both, even if they don’t like make decisions People who prefer People who prefer
one or the other. thinking tend to make feeling tend to make
decisions using decisions to create
Personality type, also called impartial, logical, and harmony by applying
psychological type, is what you prefer objective analysis. person-centered values.
when you are using your mind or
focusing your attention. Studies and How you prefer to J Judging P Perceiving
approach life People who prefer People who prefer
experience have shown that there are judging tend to like a perceiving tend to adopt
consistent patterns for each person. planned approach to a more spontaneous
There are many benefits to life and are organized, approach to life and are
orderly, structured, flexible, adaptable, and
understanding your own preferences, and decisive. like to keep their
including how they affect you, how they options open.
affect your style of communication, and notes
how they are different from what other Note: to avoid confusion, N is used as the abbreviation
for Intuition and I for Introversion.
people prefer. Preferences allow us to
have different interests, different ways of Four of these eight preferences (E or I, S or N, T or F,
J or P) make up a person’s MBTI type, also called
behaving, and different ways of seeing psychological or personality type. As you act on your
the world. type preferences, you create a unique approach to the
While all the preferences are equal, world, to information, to decisions, and to other people.
each has different strengths and different When the preferences are combined in all possible
challenges. Knowing these personality ways, they form 16 distinct personality types.
strengths and challenges for yourself and
others can help you understand and
appreciate how everyone contributes to a
situation, a task, or the solution to a
problem.
1The MTBI 2 Understanding 3 MBTI
Tool Type Comparison 4 Jung 5 Dichotomies
Carl The 4
6 The 8
Preferences
8. Learning Objectives
MBTI Module 2: Course Content
Exploring Your Preferences Optional and Recommended: Take the MBTI
Part 7: Extraversion or Introversion
Exploring your preferences
Course Description How do you prefer to get energized?
Understanding personal strengths is the cornerstone for enhancing What do extraversion and introversion look like?
the development of exceptional veterinary teams. Through General characteristics
applying this awareness, individual and collaborative leadership Extraversion and introversion in a veterinary practice
capacities are enhanced, and all aspects of the veterinary practice Self-assessment
are positively impacted.
Part 8: Sensing or Intuition
The purpose of Module 2 is to focus on the interpretation of the Exploring your preferences
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality type assessment. How do you prefer to take in information?
Through these interpretations, 16 personality type preferences are What do sensing and intuition look like?
understood and can be applied in any context. Utilizing type General characteristics
Sensing and intuition in a veterinary practice
preference knowledge promotes the effectiveness of your veterinary
Self-assessment
team to provide providing high-quality patient care, resulting in
client adherence and loyalty…and professional satisfaction. Part 9: Thinking or Feeling
Exploring your preferences
Learning Objectives How do you prefer to make decisions?
What do thinking and feeling look like?
Optional and Recommended: Characteristics of people who prefer thinking vs feeling
◆ Complete the MBTI. (Register at myEVT.com.) Thinking and feeling in a veterinary practice
◆ Review your assessment report to become aware of your Self-assessment
type preferences.
Part 10: Judging or Perceiving
Learn the general characteristics of each of the eight Exploring your preferences
type preferences. How do you prefer to approach life?
What do judging and perceiving look like?
Discover how each of the type preferences is expressed. Characteristics of people who prefer judging vs
perceiving
Explore your preferences, comparing and contrasting Judging and perceiving in a veterinary practice
examples to determine: Self-assessment
◆ How you prefer to get energized.
◆ How you prefer to take in information. Part 11: Your MBTI Results
Your self-assessment results
◆ How you prefer to make decisions.
Interpreting your MBTI Profile Report and
◆ How you prefer to approach life.
Indicator Type
What’s included on your MBTI Profile Report
Explore and apply the understanding of team differences, using
Determining your best fit type
veterinary practice examples, as a means to strengthen Reasons your indicator type may not be your
the practice team. best fit type
Tips for discovering your best fit type
Self-assess your type preferences. Questions to help provide clarity
Find out what’s included on your MBTI Profile Report. Part 12: Whole Type Descriptions
Use whole type descriptions to help verify your
Receive guidance to interpret your MBTI Profile Report best fit type
and your type preferences. Next steps Websites
Books Articles
Determine your best fit type.
Required Materials • Required course content is online.
Reflect on your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, applying Optional and recommended • Take the MBTI online at
what you have learned about type preferences. the EVT discounted price.
7 E or I? 8 S or N? 9 T or F? 10 J or P? 11 Your MBTI
Results 12 Whole
Types
9. 7 Extraversion or Introversion
By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC
Exploring Your
Preferences:
Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I)
The Extraversion/Introversion (see
How Do You Prefer To Get Energized? What Do Extraversion and Introversion
The first pair of psychological preferences is Extraversion and Introversion. Look Like?) dichotomy of the MBTI
Where do you put your attention and get your energy? Do you like to spend addresses these questions:
time in the outer world of people and things (Extraversion), or in your inner
world of ideas and images (Introversion)? ◆ Where do you focus your attention?
◆ How do you get energized?
Extraversion and Introversion, as used by C.G. Jung, explain different
◆ Where do you direct your energy?
attitudes people use to direct their energy. These words have a meaning in
psychology that is different from the way they are used in everyday language. ◆ What tends to drain your energy?
Everyone spends some time extraverting and some time introverting. Don’t ◆ How much and what kind of
confuse Introversion with shyness or reclusiveness; they are not related. contact with others do you prefer?
What Do Extraversion and Introversion Look Like?
Which of the these descriptions seems more natural, effortless, and comfortable for you?
Extraversion (E) Introversion (I)
“Let’s talk this over.” “I need to think about this.”
You are drawn to the outside world as your elemental source You draw your primary energy from the inner world of
of energy. Rarely, if ever, do you feel your energy batteries information, thoughts, ideas, and other reflections. When
are “drained” by excessive amounts of interaction with the circumstances require an excessive amount of attention
outside world. You engage the things, people, places, and spent in the outside world, you find the need to retreat
activities going on in the outside world for your life force. to a more private setting as if to recharge your drained
batteries.
Your energy is directed outward and stimulates action. Your energy is directed inward and stimulates reflection.
You are responsive to what is going on in the environment. You achieve stability from attending to enduring ideas. You
You learn and work best when able to share, discuss, and learn and work best by having time to relate, understand,
process information with others. and process information on your own.
7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types
S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
10. 7 Extraversion or Introversion
General Characteristics
Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Extraversion and Introversion.
People who prefer Extraversion (E) People who prefer Introversion (I)
◆ Talk more than listen ◆ Listen more than talk
◆ Have broad interests ◆ Focus in depth on their interests
◆ Prefer to do lots of things at once ◆ Prefer to focus on one thing at a time
◆ Act first, think/reflect later ◆ Think/reflect first, then act
◆ Prefer a public role ◆ Prefer to work “behind-the-scenes”
◆ Prefer to communicate by talking ◆ Prefer to communicate in writing
◆ Talk about their thoughts ◆ Keep thoughts inside until they are clearly formulated
◆ Feel their best work is done with others ◆ Feel their best work is done alone
◆ Feel deprived when cutoff from interaction with ◆ Regularly require an amount of “private time” to
the outside world recharge their batteries
◆ Need to experience the world before they can ◆ Need to understand the world before they
understand it experience it
◆ Plunge in and try out ideas right away ◆ Try things out reflectively first
◆ Look outside themselves for ideas and stimulation ◆ Look inside themselves for ideas and stimulation
◆ Prefer a physical work space that facilitates ◆ Prefer a physical work space that allows for privacy
interaction and concentration
◆ Assume that others are interested in what they ◆ Don’t assume that others want their opinion unless
have to say they explicitly ask for it
◆ Engage with others to consider conflict ◆ Withdraw from others to consider conflict
11. 7 Extraversion or Introversion
Extraversion and Introversion in a Veterinary Practice
Katharine and Isabel are licensed veterinary technicians with comparable experience and skills. They have similar
roles at their practice, spending time interacting with clients and working on inpatient cases. While both are
talented and committed team members, their contrasting work and communication styles are making it difficult for
them—and the rest of the team—to work effectively together.
Katharine prefers Extraversion Isabel prefers Introversion
Katharine thrives on active, people-filled days and enjoys Isabel prefers working in the back of the hospital to
talking with clients in the exam rooms and reception area. working up front with clients and is at her best when she
Because she likes to be involved with activities involv- can concentrate and work independently, working on
ing other people, Katharine finds it difficult to focus on tasks such as lab work or performing dental procedures.
solitary tasks for long periods of time. She prefers more
active work that requires several pairs of hands, like taking
radiographs or surgery prep work.
Katharine is energized by lively, wide-ranging discussions Isabel wants to “think things through,” and is more
and likes to “talk things out.” Her conversation is rapid likely to engage in quiet conversations with space for
paced and she often interrupts others to elaborate on and reflection. Her conversation pace is slower as she takes
process thoughts. time to formulate and build thoughts and ideas inter-
nally before speaking.
The Result:
Because both technicians naturally gravitate to the job functions they enjoy most, important things sometimes don’t
get done, patient care suffers, and they resent each other for “shirking their responsibilities.”
Isabel feels she “can’t get a word in edgewise,” but that it doesn’t really matter since Katharine never listens anyway.
Isabel thinks Katharine has too many “half-baked ideas.” Katharine, meanwhile, wonders why Isabel is so secretive.
An understanding of the MBTI personality framework can be a starting point for understanding and working
through the differences between these two team members related to their preferences for Extraversion and
Introversion.
Self-Assessment: Select either
Do You Prefer Extraversion or Introversion?
Based on your understanding of Extraversion and Introversion, Extraversion or Introversion
which preference do you think more accurately describes you?
❏ Extraversion (E)
Each of us has two faces. One is directed towards the outer People who prefer Extraversion tend to focus
world of activities, excitements, people, and things. The other is on the outside world and get energy through
directed inward to the inner world of thoughts, interests, ideas, interacting with people and doing things.
and imagination. These are two different but complementary
sides of our nature.
❏ Introversion (I)
Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different People who prefer Introversion tend to focus on
times and in different situations, but which one is your most the inner world and get energy through reflect-
natural energy orientation? ing on information, ideas and/or concepts.
12. 8 Sensing or Intuition
Exploring Your Preferences:
Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
How Do You Prefer to Take in Information?
The second pair of psychological preferences is Sensing and Intuition.
Do you pay more attention to information that comes in through your
five senses (Sensing), or do you pay more attention to the patterns and
possibilities that you see in the information you receive (Intuition)?
The Sensing/Intuition
dichotomy of the MBTI
addresses the following
questions:
✤ What do you become
aware of?
✤ What kind of information
do you seek?
✤ What kind of information
is important to you?
✤ What kinds of things do
you tend to notice, or not
notice?
What Do Sensing and Intuition Look Like?
Take a minute and ask yourself which of the following descriptions seems more natural,
effortless, and comfortable for you?
Sensing (S) Intuition (N)
“Just the facts, please.” “I can see it all now.”
You favor clear, tangible data and information that fit in well You are drawn to information that is more abstract,
with your direct here-and-now experience. conceptual, big-picture, and represents imaginative
possibilities for the future.
You tend to have a mastery of the facts and a knowledge of You pay attention to insights and meanings and have a
what materials and resources are available. grasp of what is possible and what the trends are.
You have an appreciation of knowing and doing what works. You have an appreciation of doing what hasn’t been tried
before.
7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types
S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
13. 8 Sensing or Intuition
General Characteristics
Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Sensing and Intuition.
People who prefer Sensing (S) People who prefer Intuition (N)
✤ Focus on details and specifics ✤ Focus on the big picture and possibilities
✤ Admire practical solutions ✤ Admire creative ideas
✤ Are pragmatic—see what is ✤ Are inventive—see what could be
✤ Value utility: approaches that are useful and ✤ Value novelty: approaches that stimulate the
based on established principles imagination
✤ Live in the now, attending to present opportunities ✤ Live in the future, attending to future possibilities
✤ Take things literally, at face value ✤ Take things figuratively, looking for a deeper meaning
✤ Have a memory recall that is rich in detail of ✤ Have a memory recall that emphasizes patterns,
facts and past events contexts, and connections
✤ Like step-by-step instructions ✤ Like to figure things out for themselves
✤ Work at a steady pace ✤ Work in bursts of energy
✤ Prefer to perfect established skills ✤ Prefer to learn new skills
✤ Like clear and concrete information; dislike ✤ Are comfortable with ambiguous, fuzzy data, and with
guessing when facts are “fuzzy” guessing its meaning.
✤ Prefer to stay with the valuable, tried, and true ✤ Are excited by future possibilities when considering
when considering change change
✤ Tend to follow instructions ✤ May create their own instructions
✤ Apply experience to problems ✤ Apply ingenuity to problems
✤ Need to be convinced ✤ Need to be inspired
14. 8 Sensing or Intuition
Sensing and Intuition in a Veterinary Practice
Building on our previous example, while they differ in their preferences for Extraversion (E) and Introversion (I), both
Katharine and Isabel share a common preference for Sensing (S). However, the practice owner, Dr. Jung, prefers
Intuition (N).
Katharine and Isabel prefer Sensing Dr. Jung prefers Intuition
Katharine and Isabel excel at using tried and true meth- Dr. Jung loves to envision the future of the practice
ods that use their existing skillsets and generally resist and make constant improvements in processes and
changes that don’t seem necessary. They would rather get procedures. He can easily predict outcomes and see
their work done then participate in strategic planning how changes will positively affect the big picture and
meetings and their motto is, “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix the bottom line. His motto is, “If it ain’t broke, then
it.” break it.”
The technicians prefer to receive case management Dr. Jung is comfortable creating his own way of
instructions in clear, stepwise fashion. They get frus- doing things without having to always rely on a
trated when Dr. Jung supplies instructions in what they standard protocol. So he doesn’t understand why
perceive to be vague, haphazard ways that lack specific Katharine and Isabel need what he thinks is so much
detail and direction. unnecessary detail and why they want things laid out
in concrete.
The Result:
Conflict results when Dr. Jung fails to recognize all the specific details involved in making changes to the practice
work flow and Katharine and Isabel fail to understand the big picture and long-term benefits of proposed improve-
ments. The technicians feel that Dr. Jung spends too much time on “pie in the sky” ideas instead of concentrating
on the issues at hand. Dr. Jung resents the technicians for their apparent disinterest in the practice vision and getting
mired in unimportant practicalities.
Their differing preferences for Sensing and Intuition are causing difficulties and breakdowns in communication as
one preference sees “the forest” while the other sees “the trees.”
Both the details and the big picture must be considered for the best possible outcomes in this practice.
Once Katharine, Isabel, and Dr. Jung understand personality type, these differences can become useful.
Self-Assessment: Do You Prefer Sensing or Intuition? Select Either
Based on your understanding of Sensing and Intuition, which prefer-
ence do you think more accurately describes you? Sensing or Intuition
The Sensing side of our brain notices the sights, sounds, smells, and ❏ Sensing (S)
all the sensory details of the present. It categorizes, organizes, records, People who prefer Sensing tend to notice
and stores the specifics from the here and now. It is reality based, deal- and trust facts, details, and present realities.
ing with “what is.” It also provides the specific details of memory and They like to take in information through
recollections from past events. the five senses.
The Intuitive side of our brain seeks to understand, interpret, and form
overall patterns of all the information that is collected and records these ❏ Intuition (N)
People who prefer Intuition tend to pay
patterns and relationships. It speculates on possibilities, including look-
attention to and trust interrelationships,
ing into and forecasting the future. It is imaginative and conceptual.
theories, and future possibilities. They are
Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different times and drawn to the big picture.
in different situations, but which one of these kinds of perceiving do
you instinctively tend to favor?
15. 9 Thinking or Feeling
By Jeff Thoren, DVM, ACC
Exploring Your
Preferences:
Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
How Do You Prefer To Make Decisions?
This third preference pair describes how you like to make
decisions. Do you like to put more weight on objective prin-
ciples and impersonal facts (Thinking) or do you put more
weight on personal concerns and the people involved (Feeling)?
Don’t confuse Feeling with emotion. Everyone has emo- The Thinking/Feeling dichotomy of the
tions about the decisions they make. Also do not confuse MBTI addresses the following questions:
Thinking with intelligence. ◆ What do you rely on when making a decision?
Everyone uses Thinking for some decisions and Feeling ◆ What kinds of decisions do you like to make?
for others. In fact, a person can make a decision using his or ◆ What consequences are you likely to consider
her preference, then test the decision by using the other prefer- when making a decision?
ence to see what might not have been taken into account. ◆ How do you evaluate the opinions or decisions
of others?
What Do Thinking and Feeling Look Like?
Ask yourself which of the following descriptions seems more natural, effortless, and
comfortable for you.
Thinking (T) Feeling (F)
“Is this logical?” “Will anyone be hurt?”
You have a natural preference for making decisions in an You make your decisions in a somewhat global, visceral,
objective, logical, and analytical manner with an emphasis harmony, and value-oriented way, paying particular
on tasks and results to be accomplished. attention to the impact of decisions and actions on other
people.
You objectively analyze the pros and cons of a situation, You desire to uncover the greatest good in a situation and
even when you have a personal stake. notice when people may be harmed.
You want to discover the “truth” and naturally notice You know what is important to people and adhere to that
logical inconsistencies. in the face of opposition.
7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types
S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
16. 9 Thinking or Feeling
Characteristics of People Who Prefer Thinking Vs Feeling
Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Thinking and Feeling.
People who prefer Thinking (T) People who prefer Feeling (F)
◆ Are honest and direct ◆ Are diplomatic and tactful
◆ Instinctively search for facts and logic in a decision ◆ Instinctively employ personal feelings and impact on
situation people in decision situations
◆ Weigh the pros and cons when making decisions ◆ Sort through personal values when making decisions
◆ Are more likely to critique first and compliment later ◆ Are more likely to compliment first and critique later
◆ Tend toward skepticism, controversy, and impartiality ◆ Tend toward acceptance, tolerance, and sympathy
◆ Are motivated by achievement ◆ Are motivated by appreciation
◆ Naturally notice tasks and work to be accomplished ◆ Are naturally sensitive to the needs of others and the
work process
◆ Typically respond by first asking questions and ◆ Typically respond by first looking for common ground
challenging what is said and expressing agreement or sharing concern
◆ Expect that the best ideas and solutions emerge from ◆ Expect that the best ideas and solutions emerge from
argument and debate cooperation and building on everyone’s contribution
◆ Prefer situations where they can critique and get ◆ Prefer situations where personally helping people is
mastery over the main work
◆ Do their best work when they can take an analytical ◆ Do their best work when personal relationships and
approach to new ideas and situations harmony are the context for their learning
◆ Believe fairness means treating everyone by the same ◆ Believe fairness means taking individual needs into
standards account
◆ Are more interested in justice ◆ Are more interested in mercy
◆ Take few things personally ◆ Take many things personally
◆ Accept conflict as a natural, normal part of ◆ Are unsettled by conflict; want to avoid disharmony
relationships with people
17. 9 Thinking or Feeling
Thinking and Feeling in a Veterinary Practice
In addition to sharing a preference for Sensing (S), Katharine and Isabel also both prefer Feeling (F). Their com-
mon preferences for Sensing (S) and Feeling (F) might well explain what draws them to work in a veterinary health
care environment—they both seek practical ways to help and serve both pets and people. They also want to be part
of a predictable and harmonious work environment.
In contrast, Dr. Jung has a preference for Thinking (T). Combined with his preference for Intuition (N), this means
that he differs significantly from both technicians in how he prefers to take in information and make decisions.
Let’s look at how their differing approaches to decision making play out:
Dr. Jung prefers Thinking Katharine and Isabel prefer Feeling
When making decisions, Dr. Jung will tend to look ob- When making decisions, Katharine and Isabel, tend to
jectively at a situation, then consider the people aspects, consider the effect on people first, then look at the logic
and then return to the objective information to make a involved, and then return to the Feeling data for the final
final decision. decision.
When considering how to staff the practice to best serve When considering staffing issues and delivering client
clients, Dr. Jung is more likely to focus on the following service, Katharine and Isabel will consider a different set
questions: of questions:
◆ What are the pros and cons of acting on different ◆ What are the people consequences for both the team
options? and the client of each option?
◆ What is the most reasonable course of action? ◆ How will the team members and clients respond to
◆ What are the financial costs and considerations? each scenario?
◆ What strategies are needed to achieve each potential ◆ What do we personally like and dislike about what
outcome? we’re considering here?
◆ Who is committed to carrying out this plan?
The Result:
Dr. Jung is sometimes exasperated by what he sees as the wishy washy, touchy-feely approach to problems that
Katharine and Isabel seem to have. “Why can’t they be rational?,” he thinks. Katharine and Isabel are sometimes put
off by Dr. Jung’s apparent complete disregard for people’s perspectives and feelings.
It’s important to understand that both these ways of making decisions are rational, they are just based on different
priorities and different data sets. Both Thinking and Feeling preferences are essential for the competent and sensitive
delivery of healthcare services as well as the management of the veterinary health care team.
Self-Assessment: Do You Prefer Thinking or Feeling?
Based on your understanding of Thinking and Feeling, which prefer-
Select Either
ence do you think more accurately describes you? Thinking or Feeling
The Thinking side of our brain analyzes information in a detached,
objective fashion. It operates from factual principles, deduces, and ❏ Thinking (T)
forms conclusions systematically. It is our logical nature. People who prefer Thinking tend to make
decisions using impartial, logical, and
The Feeling side of our brain forms conclusions in an attached and objective analysis.
somewhat global manner, based on likes/dislikes, impact on others,
and human and aesthetic values. It is our subjective nature.
❏ Feeling (F)
Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different times People who prefer Feeling tend to make
and in different situations, but which one of these ways of forming decisions to create harmony by applying
conclusions do you lean toward? person-centered values.
18. 10 Judging or Perceiving
Exploring Your
Preferences:
Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)
How Do You Prefer To Approach Life?
This fourth preference pair describes how you like to live
your outer life; what behaviors others tend to see. Do you
prefer a more structured and decided lifestyle (Judging) or
a more flexible and adaptable lifestyle
(Perceiving)? This preference may also be thought of as
your orientation to the outer world.
The Judging-Perceiving dichotomy of the
MBTI addresses the following questions:
✦ Do you deal with the outer world by gathering
information about it or by making decisions about it?
✦ How much structure do you like or need? Don’t confuse Judging and Perceiving
✦ How do you approach tasks that need to be done? with a person’s level of organization.
✦ How much information do you want? Either preference can be organized.
What Do Judging and Perceiving Look Like?
Take a minute and ask yourself which of the following descriptions seems more natural,
effortless, and comfortable for you?
Judging (J) Perceiving (P)
“Just do something.” “Let’s wait and see.”
You rely upon either your T or F preference to manage You rely upon either your S or N preference to run
your outer life. This typically leads to a style oriented your outer life. This typically results in an open, adapt-
toward closure, organization, planning, or in some fashion able, flexible style of relating to the things and people
managing the things and or people found in the external found in the outside world; and you quickly respond
environment. The drive is to order the outside world. to the needs of the moment. The drive is to experience
While you may have an assertive manner, your “ordering the outside world rather than order it. So, in general,
touch”—with respect to other people—may be light. you easily tolerate a lack of closure.
You like to push to get things settled and decided. You strive to keep your options open so new informa-
tion may be gathered.
You have an appreciation of well-organized efficiency. You have an appreciation of the need for spontaneity
and exploration.
7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types
S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
19. 10 Judging or Perceiving
Characteristics of People Who Prefer Judging Vs Perceiving
Let’s take a look at some of the characteristics of people who prefer Judging and Perceiving.
People who prefer Judging (J) People who prefer Perceiving (P)
✦ Want things decided ✦ Want to keep their options open
✦ Feel anxious until things are settled ✦ Feel anxious if there is pressure to settle things too
quickly
✦ Make most decisions pretty easily, but may decide too ✦ May have difficulty making decisions and avoid
quickly decisions altogether
✦ Control their environment ✦ Understand their environment
✦ Schedule their time, set dates, and make arrangements ✦ Leave scheduling options open as long as possible
✦ Find comfort in schedules ✦ Want the freedom to be spontaneous
✦ Like to make and stick with plans ✦ Like to keep plans flexible
✦ Avoid problems by anticipating and planning ahead ✦ Solve problems if and when they arise
✦ Are serious and conventional ✦ Are playful and unconventional
✦ Prefer to finish projects ✦ Prefer to start projects
✦ Talk about definite results: focusing on goals, ✦ Talk about a general course of action, emphasizing
objectives, and outcomes direction, thrust, and approach
✦ Stop taking in information as soon as they have ✦ Keep taking in information because there is always
enough to make a decision something more to understand
✦ Like to have due dates and to stay well ahead of them ✦ Like to follow their curiosity and work best under
pressure as deadlines approach
✦ Prefer to know exactly what they are accountable for ✦ Prefer to have genuine choices and flexibility in
assignments
✦ See the need for most rules ✦ Question the need for many rules
20. 10 Judging or Perceiving
Judging and Perceiving in a Veterinary Practice
Without an understanding of personality preferences, Isabel’s and Katharine’s contrasting approaches to
managing their work day have the potential to negatively affect their work relationship.
Isabel prefers Judging Katharine prefers Perceiving
Isabel likes to draw a very clear line around her respon- Katharine is prepared to drop everything to get a
sibilities and resists when asked to take on any new or critical job done in a hurry; consequently, non-urgent
unscheduled tasks or activities. She completes her tasks tasks sometimes get neglected and she sometimes gets
quickly, competently, and on time, following through behind schedule
on all her commitments
Isabel is decisive, working best when she can organize Katharine prefers to continually explore options; she
and finish tasks. She feels comfortable once a decision enjoys starting tasks and leaving them open for last-
is made and she is free to focus on what needs to be minute changes, gathering as much information as
completed. possible and keeping her options open.
The Result:
Katharine—and other team members—see Isabel as reliable but very rigid. Katharine is seen as flexible, but not
always dependable. Tension erupts when discussing how to comanage their technician duties. Isabel tries to limit op-
tions, which stifles Katharine’s open-ended exploratory process. Katharine feels that Isabel decides things too quickly
and is resistant to revising decisions, even when compelling new information becomes available.
The MBTI can help everyone concerned appreciate their own strengths and realize that others aren’t purposely trying
to drive them crazy, that’s just the way they’re wired.
Self-Assessment:
Do You Prefer Judging or Perceiving?
Based on your understanding of Judging and Perceiving, which
preference do you think more accurately describes you?
A Judging style approaches the outside world with a plan and is
oriented towards organizing one’s surroundings, being prepared,
making decisions and reaching closure and completion.
A Perceiving style takes the outside world as it comes and is
adopting and adapting, flexible, open-ended and receptive to Select either
new opportunities and changing game plans.
Judging or Perceiving
Remember, you can and do use both preferences at different
times and in different situations, but which one of these is the
most natural orientation towards life?
❏ Judging (J)
People who prefer Judging tend to like a planned
approach to life and are organized, orderly,
Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers structured, and decisive.
added the Judging-Perceiving dimension to C.J. Jung’s typo-
logical model, identifying the preference for using either the ❏ Perceiving (P)
Judging function (Thinking or Feeling) or Perceiving function People who prefer Perceiving tend to adopt a more
(Sensing or Intuition) when relating to the outside world. spontaneous approach to life and are flexible,
adaptable, and like to keep their options open.
21. 11 Your MBTI Results
Your
Self-Assessment
Results
Based on your selections for each pair of preference
dichotomies thus far, your Self-Assessed MBTI
Personality Type is:
I or E; S or N; F or P; T or J
The next step is to compare this to your Indicator
Type as reported by the MBTI Instrument, available to
Exceptional Veterinary Team subcribers at myEVT.com.
When you receive your report, return to complete the
learning module and verify your Best Fit Type.
Interpreting Your MBTI Profile
Report and Indicator Type
The two-page MBTI Profile report is designed to help you
understand your results on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI) assessment. Based on your individual responses, the
MBTI instrument produces results that identify which of the
16 different personality types best describes you.
What’s Included on Your MBTI Profile Report
The first page of the report conveys your four-letter Indicator Type (also referred to as your Reported Type).
The Preference Clarity Index (PCI) on page 2 of the report indicate how clear you were in expressing your preference for a
particular pole over its opposite. Higher numerical scores suggest you are more certain about your preference, while lower scores
suggest you are less sure about that preference. These number scores do not measure skills or ability or
degree of use for a specific preference, only preference clarity.
®
FIONA SMITH
/ ISTJ
June 28, 2009
Type Indicator
Myers-Briggs
Profile
At the bottom of page 2 of your report, you can read a brief description of your Indicator Type.
ed to help you
results on the Myers-
Briggs Type Indicat
understand your ses, the MBTI instrument produc type
or®
es results
ality
This profile is design Based on your individual respon best describes you. Your person two opposite
ent.
(MBTI ) assessm sixteen different personality
types sed of
each category compo
®
ality
to identif y which of separat e categories, with form the basis of a person's person
preferences in four key areas that combine to
represents your e
categories describ
poles. The four
as follows:
· Where you focus your
attention — Extrave
information —
Sensing (S) or
rsion (E) or Introver
Feeling (F)
Intuition (N)
· The way you take indecisions — Thinking (T) or(J) or Perceiving (P)
· The way you make the outer world — Judging
sion (I)
Does the description seem to fit? Many people find that their Indicator Type description describes
· How you deal with on your respon
ses
is indicated by
the four letters
Your MBTI type your reported MBTI type is ISTJ,
to the assessment,
results are highlig
hted below.
preferences. Based
representing your as Introverted Sensing with
also described
them quite well. Here’s the bottom line, though. The MBTI Profile Report does not tell you what you
Thinking. Your
Reported Type:
ISTJ
Extraversion
People who prefer
Extraversion tend
to focus their
people and things. I
Introversion
attention on the
Introversion tend
inner
to focus their
People who prefer world of ideas and impressio
ns. are. Usually the results of a psychological instrument are the final word. But with the MBTI instru-
outer world of
ment, your Indicator Type is a hypothesis that needs to be verified. Your continued self-assessment
Where you
focus your
attention
E attention on the
Intuition Intuition tend to
take in informatio
n
People who prefer and focus on future
the big picture
N from patterns and
Sensing Sensing tend to
take in
People who prefer and focus on possibilities.
The way the five senses
you take in S information through
the here and now.
may result in you selecting a Best Fit Type that is different than the reported results.
Feeling Feeling tend to
make decisions
information People who prefer on subjective
Thinking on values and
F
make decisions based primarily .
Thinking tend to ntered concerns
People who prefer objective analysis evaluation of person-ce
The way on logic and on
you make
decisions
T based primarily
of cause and effect. Perceiving Perceiving tend
to like a flexible
People who prefer and prefer to keep
approach to life
How you
Judging
People who prefer
Judging tend to
approach to life
like a planned
and prefer to have P and spontaneous
their options open.
deal with the J and organized
things settled.
outer world e the
they also indicat
e your preferences; your preference for a par-
ent not only indicat expressing the
to the MBTI assessmthat is, how clear you were in index, or pci. The bar graph on
Your responses
your preferences— preference clarity about your prefer-
relative clarity of opposite. This is known as the bar suggests you are quite sure
its
ticular pole over . Note that a longer nce.
your pci results about that prefere
next page charts bar sugges ts you are less sure
ence, while a shorter
You are the expert on you and the final judge of your Best Fit Type.
7 E or I? 8 9 10 11 Results 12 Types
S or N? T or F? J or P? Your MBTI Whole
22. 11 Your MBTI Results
Determining Best Fit Type is simply the four-letter type that you
Your Best Fit Type think best fits you. It’s the type that you feel represents
your natural preferences.
Compare your Self-Assessed Type with your Indicator Type from your profile report. Are they the same? Congratulations!
You’ve likely determined your Best Fit Type. Skip to the Whole Type Descriptions section to read the description for your
four-letter type and verify that the description fits.
The percentage of agreement between a person’s Self-Assessed Type and his or her reported type is 70% to 80%.
Agreement on three of the preference dichotomies rather than all four is around 95%.
Sometimes circumstances of your life can lead you to answer the questions on the MBTI instrument so that your reported
MBTI type does not reflect your true preferences.
Reasons Your Indicator Type
May Not Be Your Best Fit Type
◆ You may still be developing your preferences (this is
especially true of young people).
◆ You may have completed the MBTI questionnaire
based on expectations or preferences of your parents,
family, or friends.
◆ You may have based your answers on what you feel
Tips for Discovering
Your Best Fit Type
is required by your work or current situation rather
than what you actually prefer. Focus on your whole type, not on your
individual preferences.
◆ You may be worried that someone in authority will
see the results and disagree with your preferences. People often focus on pairs of preferences. But
MBTI type theory is about whole types, in which
◆ You may not be acting typically because of stress or a preferences interact in ways unique to each of the 16
crisis. types. Start with what you are sure about. Read all the
◆ You may be reacting to cultural pressure to have type descriptions that include the preferences you are
certain preferences (for example, planning ahead or sure of. At this point, you may find a type that you
being outgoing). know is yours.
◆ You may be in your teens or early 20s and therefore Suppose you are unsure whether you prefer, for
still exploring your preferences, or you may be at example, Sensing (S) or Intuition (N), but the other
midlife and working to develop the less-preferred preferences Extraversion (E), Thinking (T), and Judg-
functions. In terms of establishing Best Fit Type, ing (J) are clear to you. The real question at this point
either situation can confuse the issue. is not whether you are an S or an N, but whether you
are an ESTJ or an ENTJ. The essences of those two
◆ Your type may itself be the source of difficulty in get- types are very different.
ting to a best-fit type with which you are comfortable.
For example, those who prefer Perceiving favor taking The ESTJ is focused on getting things done smoothly
in more information rather than coming to a conclu- and efficiently. As an SJ, you have a core need for seek-
sion quickly; those with a preference for Judging on ing the good of the community, a sense of belonging,
the other hand may rush to conclusions too early. and learning from the past.
Those who prefer Intuition may engage in too many The ENTJ, on the other hand, is focused on imple-
possibilities; and those who prefer Sensing and Judg- menting new ideas and challenges. As an NT, you are
ing may feel the pull of duty to be a certain type. likely to be concerned primarily with competence and
intellectual resourcefulness.