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Digital Preservation Best PracticesLessons Learned From Across the Pond,[object Object],Slavko ManojlovichAssociate University Librarian (IT) / Manager, Digital Archives Initiative,[object Object],and,[object Object],Benoit Pauwels,[object Object],Head, Library Automation Team,[object Object],Université Libre de Bruxelles,[object Object],[with input from Michael J. Bennett, Digital Projects Librarian     and Institutional Repository Coordinator, University of Connecticut],[object Object]
Outline,[object Object],What is digital preservation?,[object Object],Best practices information resources,[object Object],Open Archives Information System (OAIS) ,[object Object],Preservation Planning,[object Object],Digital Preservation in Action(Archivematica),[object Object],Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Our issues,[object Object]
What is digital preservation?,[object Object],Digital preservation is NOT digitization!!!!!!!!,[object Object]
What is digital preservation?,[object Object],Digital preservation is the series of actions and interventions required to ensure continued and reliable access to authentic digital objects for as long as they are deemed to be of value. This encompasses not just technical activities, but also all of the strategic and organisational considerations that relate to the survival and management of digital material.Source,[object Object]
What is digital preservation?,[object Object],Digital preservation is the series of actions and interventions required to ensure continued and reliable access to authenticdigital objects for as long as they are deemed to be of value. This encompasses not just technical activities, but also all of the strategic and organisational considerations that relate to the survival and management of digital material.Source,[object Object]
What is digital preservation?,[object Object],Disaster recovery strategies and backup systems are not sufficient to ensure survival and access to authentic digital resources over time.Source,[object Object]
Digital preservation includes:,[object Object],Digitized analogue content (easy),[object Object],Born–digital content (more difficult),[object Object],What is digital preservation?,[object Object]
Recent example from Memorial University,[object Object],Preserve faculty member’s research outputs from 1977 – present stored in a variety of formats. ,[object Object],“All of the above represents a vast resource which cannot be lost from the University”.,[object Object],What is digital preservation?,[object Object]
Best practices may not always be the best option for your organization:,[object Object],British Library Microsoft Live Book Data Project,[object Object],The DPT [Digital Preservation Team] have taken the view that since the budget for hard drive storage for this project has already been allocated, it would be impractical to recommend a change in the specifics as far as file format is concerned for this project...... JPEG 2000 files compressed to 70 dB PSNR for the preservation copy.,[object Object],Source,[object Object],Digital Preservation Best Practices,[object Object]
Best practices may not always be the best option for your organization:,[object Object],British Library Microsoft Live Book Data Project,[object Object],The DPT [Digital Preservation Team] have taken the view that since the budget for hard drive storage for this project has already been allocated, it would be impractical to recommend a change in the specifics as far as file format is concerned for this project...... JPEG 2000 files compressed to 70 dB PSNR for the preservation copy.,[object Object],Source,[object Object],Digital Preservation Best Practices,[object Object]
The National Gallery (UK) Preservation of Digital Photographs of the Collection,[object Object],	The National Gallery has photographed their entire collection  using a high-end digital MARC camera capable of capturing and rendering colour accuracy which is at least 5 times better than traditional photography. They have selected the proprietary raw camera output format for long-term preservation because it supports an advanced level of colour management. The company supporting the camera and associated software is very smalland is not a market leader.Source: Site Visit to National Gallery Photography Department, April, 2010.,[object Object],Digital Preservation Best Practices,[object Object]
The National Gallery (UK) Preservation of Digital Photographs of the CollectionThe National Gallery has photographed their entire collection  using a high-end digital MARC camera capable of capturing and rendering colour accuracy which is at least 5 times better than traditional photography. They have selected the proprietary raw camera output format for long-term preservation because it supports an advanced level of colour management. The company supporting the camera and associated software is very smalland is not a market leader.Source: Site Visit to National Gallery Photography Department, April, 2010.,[object Object],Digital Preservation Best Practices,[object Object]
Eighth European Conference on Digital ArchivingGeneva, Switzerland / April 28 -30, 2010Source,[object Object],Archiving 2010The Hague, Netherlands / June 1-4, 2010Note: Archiving 2011 – Salt Lake City (May, 16-19, 2011)Source,[object Object],Best Practices Information SourcesConferences,[object Object]
OR2010: The 5th International Conference on Open RepositoriesMadrid, Spain / July 6-9, 2010Note: Or2011 – Austin, Texas (June 7-11, 2011) Source,[object Object],iPRES2010: 7th International Conference on Preservation of Digital ObjectsVienna, AustriaSeptember 19-24, 2010Source,[object Object],Best Practices Information SourcesConferences,[object Object]
Digital Preservation – The Planets WayLondon, UK / February 9, 2010Source,[object Object],Digital Futures London 2010: From digitization to delivery King’s Digital Consultancy Services (KDCS)King’s College, London, UK                          April 19 – 23, 2010Source,[object Object],Best Practices Information SourcesWorkshops,[object Object]
Digital Preservation Management: Implementing Short-term Solutions for Long-term ProblemsCambridge, MA, USA / June 13-18, 2010Note: Albany, New York / June 5-10, 2011Source,[object Object],Short digital preservation workshops  are typically offered in conjunction withmost digital preservationconferences.,[object Object],Best Practices Information SourcesWorkshops,[object Object]
Open Planets FoundationSource,[object Object],Digital Curation CentreSource,[object Object],Library of Congress National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation ProgramSource,[object Object],Best Practices Information SourcesWeb Sites/Listservs/Blogs,[object Object]
JISC Digital Preservation and Records Management ProgrammeSource,[object Object],PrestoPRIME Keeping Audiovisual Contents AliveSource,[object Object],International Internet Preservation ConsortiumSource,[object Object],Best Practices Information SourcesWeb Sites/Listservs/Blogs,[object Object]
Best Practices Information SourcesWeb Sites/Listservs/Blogs,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
International Journal of Digital CurationSource,[object Object],ARIADNESource,[object Object],D-Lib MagazineSource,[object Object],Best Practices Information SourcesJournals,[object Object]
International Journal of Digital Curation,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
International Journal of Digital Curation,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
International Journal of Digital Curation,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Best Practices Information SourcesEducation,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Best Practices Information SourcesEducation,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Best Practices Information SourcesEducation,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Best Practices Information SourcesEducation,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Best Practices Information SourcesEmployment,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Open Archives Information System(OAIS),[object Object],Developed by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems in 2002 and became an ISO standard in 2003 (ISO 14721:2003).148 pages of heavy reading,[object Object],“Those who will implement OAIS archives or administer them on a daily basisshould read the entire document.”Source,[object Object]
Open Archives Information System ,[object Object],OCLC claims OAIS compliance for their “Digital Archive”.Source,[object Object],Library and Archives Canada’s Trusted Digital Repository is based on OAIS.Source,[object Object],National Library of the Netherlands’ e-Depot is an exemplar world classOAIS based digital repository.Source,[object Object]
Open Archives Information System ,[object Object],“GPO’s world-class preservation repository [Fdsys] went live in March 2009. The repository was built upon the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model and provides sufficient control to ensure long-term preservation and access.”,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Open Archives Information System ,[object Object],“The use of this reference model as the basis of any archive implementation is recommended as it allows practitioners to use common language and potentially common tools to address common problems.”,[object Object],   Tessella Technology & Consulting White PaperSource,[object Object]
OAIS Reference Model,[object Object],“The use of ,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
OAIS Reference Model,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
OAIS Reference Model,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
OAIS Reference Model - Actors,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
OAIS Reference Model - Objects,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
OAIS Reference Model - Actions,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Monitor designated community (consumer needs and expectations),[object Object],Monitor technology,[object Object],Develop preservation strategies and standards,[object Object],Develop packaging designs and migration plans,[object Object],Preservation Planning,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Monitor TechnologyInternet Archive Wayback Machine,[object Object],Wayback for www.unb.ca,[object Object]
Monitor TechnologyCross-Platform Access Video Format,[object Object],2005: wmv (Windows Media Video) format using Windows Media Player (or other players) for Windows and Flip4MAC Quicktime extension for Macintosh.,[object Object],2005 – 2009: swf (Adobe Flash) format with Adobe flash plug-ins available for Windows and Macintosh browsers becomes the flavour of the day for web delivery of video content.,[object Object]
Monitor TechnologyCross-Platform Access Video Format,[object Object],Fast forward to April, 2010: mp4 (H.264) format with players/support for Windows, Macintosh and IPAD.,[object Object],IPAD does not support wmv or swf video formats.,[object Object],Video conversion history: wmvswfmp4 from original DVD vobs.,[object Object],DVD vob files are being preserved with agoal of converting them to MXF MotionJPEG 2000 for long-term preservation.,[object Object]
Monitor TechnologyGoogle Drops H.264 Support (Jan 11, 2011),[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Monitor TechnologyMicrosoft Adds H.264 Support (Feb 2, 2011),[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Plato: The PLANETS Preservation Planning Tool,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Plato: The PLANETS Preservation Planning Tool,[object Object],Developed by the PLANETS Consortium,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Plato: The PLANETS Preservation Planning Tool,[object Object],A preservation plan defines a series of preservation actions to be taken by a responsible institution due to an identified risk for a given set of digital objects or records (called collection).,[object Object],The preservation plan takes into account the preservation policies, legal obligations, organisational and technical constraints, user requirements and preservation goals and describes the preservation context, the evaluated preservation strategies and the resulting decision for one strategy, including the reasoning for the decision.,[object Object],It also specifies a series of steps or actions (called preservation action plan) along with responsibilities and rules and conditions for execution on the collection. ,[object Object],Provided that the actions and their deployment as well as the technical environment allow it, this action plan is an executable workflow definition.,[object Object],Access to a library of preservation plans.,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Plato: The PLANETS Preservation Planning Tool,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Plato: TIFF to JPEG 2000 Case Study,[object Object],Source,[object Object],YouTube Video,[object Object]
Plato: TIFF to JPEG 2000 Case Study,[object Object],British Library’s 2 million newspaper pages in TIFF-5 uncompressed and high quality. File size is 40 MB/ page.,[object Object],PLATO experiment compares image quality and size of TIFF-5 images converted to JPEG 2000 lossless.,[object Object],Experiment results: JPEG 2000 lossless image quality is as good as TIFF-5 uncompressed and image file size is reduced by 25-30 percent. JPEG derivatives from TIFF-5 are as good as JPEG derivativesfrom JPEG 2000 lossless.,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Planets Time Capsule,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
E-Prints: Integration of Bit-Level and Logical Preservation (New),[object Object],Source,[object Object]
E-Prints: Integration of Bit-Level and Logical Preservation (New),[object Object],Source,[object Object]
E-Prints: Integration of Bit-Level and Logical Preservation (New),[object Object],GIF files will be migrated to PNG with the ImageMagick utility,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
E-Prints: Integration of Bit-Level and Logical Preservation (New),[object Object],Upload Plato preservation plan to E-Prints,[object Object],Prescribed preservation plan action applied to each set of identified “at risk” classified files,[object Object],E-Prints creates provenance metadata for all preservation actions (i.e. File was migrated from “file format A” to “file format B” on this date according to preservationplan NNN).,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Sample Media Type Preservation Plan,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) Checklist,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) Checklist,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) Checklist,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) Checklist,[object Object],Source,[object Object],The repository commits to continuing maintenance of digital objects for identified community/communities.,[object Object],Demonstrates organizational fitness (including financial, staffing structure, and processes) to fulfill its commitment. ,[object Object]
Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) Checklist,[object Object],Source,[object Object],Acquires and maintains requisite contractual and legal rights and fulfills responsibilities.,[object Object],Has an effective and efficient policy framework.,[object Object],Acquires and ingests digital objects based upon stated criteria that correspond to its commitments and capabilities. ,[object Object]
Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) Checklist,[object Object],Maintains/ensures the integrity, authenticity and usability of digital objects it holds over time. ,[object Object],Creates and maintains requisite metadata about actions taken on digital objects during preservation as well as about the relevant production, access support, and usage process contexts beforepreservation. ,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) Checklist,[object Object],Fulfills requisite dissemination requirements.,[object Object],Has a strategic program for preservation planning and action.,[object Object],Has technical infrastructure adequate to continuing maintenance and security of its digital objects.,[object Object],Complete TRAC Document,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Micro-Services,[object Object],“Micro-services are an approach to digital curation based on,[object Object],devolving curation function into a set of independent, but,[object Object],interoperable, services that embody curation values and strategies.,[object Object],Since each of the services is small and self-contained, they are,[object Object],collectively easier to develop, deploy, maintain, and enhance.,[object Object],Equally as important, they are more easily replaced when they have,[object Object],outlived their usefulness. Although the individual services are,[object Object],narrowly scoped, the complex function needed for effective,[object Object],curation emerges from the strategic combination of,[object Object],individual services.”,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica http://archivematica.org is an open source software toolkit that takes the OAIS model and turns its various conceptual entities into actionable functionalities.,[object Object],Take SIPs and turn them into AIPs and DIPs.,[object Object],In v. 0.7 alpha this is accomplished through a Unix pipeline design which makes use of various open-source utilities toperform designated actions.,[object Object],Digital Preservation in Action Archivematica (version 0.7 alpha),[object Object]
Open source software developed by Artefactual Systems (Vancouver, Canada),[object Object],Development partners include:,[object Object],UNESCO Memory of the World Programme,[object Object],International Monetary Fund,[object Object],Vancouver City Archives,[object Object],University of British Columbia,[object Object],University of Virginia (Rubymatica),[object Object],Many alpha installations,[object Object],Digital Preservation in Action Archivematica (version 0.7 alpha),[object Object]
Archivematica & OAISSIP > AIP > DIP,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica & OAIS,[object Object],SIP>AIP>DIP,[object Object],Micro-services,[object Object],Open source tools employed,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica & OAISCuration Micro-services,[object Object],Receive SIP,[object Object],verifyChecksum,[object Object],Review SIP,[object Object],extractPackage,[object Object],assignIdentifier,[object Object],parseManifest,[object Object],cleanFilename,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica & OAISCuration Micro-services,[object Object],Quarantine SIP,[object Object],lockAccess,[object Object],virusCheck,[object Object],Appraise SIP,[object Object],identifyFormat,[object Object],validateFormat,[object Object],extractMetadata,[object Object],decidePreservationAction,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica & OAISCuration Micro-services,[object Object],Prepare AIP,[object Object],gatherMetadata,[object Object],normalizeFiles,[object Object],createPackage,[object Object],Review AIP,[object Object],decideStorageAction,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica & OAISCuration Micro-services,[object Object],Store AIP,[object Object],writePackage,[object Object],replicatePackage,[object Object],auditfixity,[object Object],readPackage,[object Object],updatePackage,[object Object],Provide DIP,[object Object],uploadPackage,[object Object],updateMetadata,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica & OAISCuration Micro-services,[object Object],Monitor Preservation,[object Object],checkFormatRegistry,[object Object],updatePreservationPlanPolicies,[object Object],migrateFormat,[object Object],synchronizeAIPsandDIPs,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],Pronom File Format RegistryPRONOM is a resource for anyone requiring impartial and definitive information about the 320+ file formats, software products and other technical components required to support long-term access to electronic records and other digital objects of cultural, historical or business value. It is maintained by The National Archive(UK). ,[object Object],Source,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],Pronom File Format Registry (Excel 2.1),[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],Pronom File Format Registry (Excel 2.1),[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (Developed by Harvard University),[object Object],The File Information Tool Set (FITS) identifies, validates, and extracts technical metadata for various file formats. It wraps several third-party open source tools, normalizes and consolidates their output, and reports any errors.,[object Object],Current tools are: Jhove, Exiftool, National Library of New Zealand Metadata Extractor, DROID, FFIdent, File Utility, Fileinfo andXMLMetadata.,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (Developed by Harvard University),[object Object],File identification using DROID,[object Object],File validation using Jhove,[object Object],Metadata extraction using NZ Metadata Extractor,[object Object],Metadata normalization and consolidation using XMLMetadata,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (Developed by Harvard University),[object Object],All digital file formats are not supported by every tool as illustrated in the latest FITS release notes:,[object Object],Improved support for audio formats,[object Object],Better identification of JP2 and JPx images,[object Object],Improved identification of EXIF and JFIF JPEGs,[object Object],Fixed DROID format output for SVG files,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (DROID Tool – file identification),[object Object],DROID (Digital Record Object Identification) uses internal and external signatures, maintained in the PRONOM technical registry, to identify and report the specific file format versions of digital files. ,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (JHOVE Tool – file identification, validation and characterization),[object Object],File identification as per DROID,[object Object],File validation,[object Object],A file is well-formed if it meets the purely syntactic requirements for a format.For example, a TIFF object is well-formed if it starts with an 8 byte header followed by a sequence of Image File Directories (IFDs), each composed of a 2 byteentry count and a series of 8 byte taggedentries.,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (JHOVE Tool – file identification, validation and characterization),[object Object],File validation (continued),[object Object],A well-formed file is also valid if it meets additional semantic level requirements.For example,  an RGB file must have at least three sample values per pixel.,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (JHOVE Tool – file identification, validation and characterization),[object Object],File characterization,[object Object],The process of determining the format-specific significant properties of an object of a given format.,[object Object],JHOVE  can report the file pathname or URI, last modification date, byte size, format, format version, MIME type, format profiles and, optionally, a checksum.,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (JHOVE Tool – sample output),[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (JHOVE Tool – supported file formats),[object Object],Source,[object Object],AIFF ,[object Object],ASCII ,[object Object],BYTESTREAM ,[object Object],GIF ,[object Object],HTML ,[object Object],JPEG ,[object Object],JPEG 2000 ,[object Object],PDF ,[object Object],TIFF ,[object Object],UTF-8 ,[object Object],WAVE ,[object Object],XML ,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (New Zealand Metadata Extraction Tool),[object Object],Automatically extracts preservation-related metadata from digital files.,[object Object],Supported file formats: ,[object Object],Images: BMP, GIF, JPEG and TIFF. ,[object Object],Office documents: MS Word (version 2, 6), Word Perfect, Open Office (version 1), MS Works, MS Excel,,[object Object],	 MS PowerPoint, and PDF. ,[object Object],Audio and Video: WAV and MP3. ,[object Object],Markup languages: HTML and XML. ,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],FITS (New Zealand Metadata Extraction Tool),[object Object],Potential metadata elements which can be extracted from an audio file header include:,[object Object],Resolution 	,[object Object],Duration 	,[object Object],Bitrate 	,[object Object],Compression 	,[object Object],Encapsulation 	,[object Object],Channels 	,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],BagItA specification for the packaging of digital content for transfer. Content is packaged (the bag) along with a small amount of machine-readable text (the tag) to help automate the content's receipt, storage and retrieval. There is no software to install. A bag consists of a base directory containing the tag and a subdirectory that holds the content files. The tag is a simple text-file manifest, like a packing slip, that consists of two elements:,[object Object],An inventory of the content files in the bag,[object Object],A checksum for each file,[object Object],Source,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],BagIt: bag directory contents,[object Object],/6‐1999‐06‐07bagit.txtbag‐info.txtmanifest‐md5.txt/data6‐1999‐06‐07.tif6‐1999‐06‐07_general_metadata.xml6‐1999‐06‐07_technical_metadata.xml,[object Object],Source,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],BagIt: bagit.txt,[object Object],BagIt‐Version: 0.96,[object Object],	Tag‐File‐Character‐Encoding: UTF‐8,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],BagIt: bag‐info.txt,[object Object],Source‐organization: Simon Fraser University LibraryOrganization‐URL: http://www.lib.sfu.caBagging‐Date: 2009‐06‐26External‐Description: TIFF master files and associated metadata for item 6‐1999‐06‐07 in the SFU Editorial Cartoons Collection.,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],BagIt: manifest‐md5.txt,[object Object],91a6ce58ad2628b81c46c034d434816f data/6‐ 1999‐06‐07.tif8c2712026f0f54c4ad156674e87f573b data/6‐1999‐06‐07_general_metadata.xml28fa197bbfd61e4da0f6119ed7420bff data/6‐ 1999‐06‐07_technical_metadata.xml,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],BagIt: 1999‐06‐07.tif,[object Object],Ingrid Rice, June 7, 1999,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],BagIt: General metadata file,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Digital Curation Software Tools,[object Object],BagIt: Technical metadata file,[object Object],/6‐1999‐06‐07,[object Object],bagit.txt ,[object Object],bag‐info.txt ,[object Object],manifest‐md5.txt,[object Object],/data,[object Object],6‐1999‐06‐07.tif,[object Object],6‐1999‐06‐07_general_metadata.xml,[object Object],6‐1999‐06‐07_technical_metadata.xml,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
DSpace 1.7 (New Features),[object Object],AIP Backup and Restore,[object Object],Outputs metadata and bitstreams into zipped self-contained Archival Information Packages which can be loaded into another instance of DSpace or another institutional respository platform (Fedora, CONTENTdm, etc.),[object Object],DSpace AIPs can function as SIPs or DIPs.,[object Object],Possible to load Archivematica AIPs intoDSpace.,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
DSpace 1.7 (New Features),[object Object],Curation System,[object Object],Infrastructure to support the implementation of digital curation micro-services for the long-term preservation of your DSpace content.,[object Object],Initial Services include:,[object Object],Bitstream format profiler: examines all the bitstreams and generates a count and support level for each type of bitstream format. Useful tool for format migration. Note: this is not identifying and validating bitstreams.,[object Object],Required metadata: checks to see if requiredmetadata is present in all records.,[object Object],Virus scan: Virus check using ClamAV tool.,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Objectives,[object Object],Show complete process of ingest/archival/dissemination chain for one SIP,[object Object],Our demo SIP contains object files of various image formats: TIFF, BMP, SVG, PNG, JP2, EPS, GIF, JPG, TGA,[object Object],Check contents of ArchiveMatica SIP, throughout the process, as it transforms into a self-contained AIP and DIP,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Normalization paths used in this demo,[object Object],(*) PNG and JPEG2000 are not normalized to a preservation format,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Archivematica Release 0.7 Alpha,[object Object],YouTube Video 1 and 2, along with ,[object Object],step by step instructions.,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Boot your PC with the bootable Archivematica DVD.,[object Object],Login as: demo  Password: demo,[object Object],You see the File Manager,[object Object],Shortcuts,[object Object],Directories used through the archiving process,[object Object],Imagine you’re an archivist and you have a set of object files sitting in demo/testFiles,[object Object],structured into a number of directories,[object Object],each directory corresponds to a logical unit of resources, be it a distinctive item or a complete fonds,[object Object],each directory in testFiles = one SIP,[object Object],You couldalso drag/drop, copy/pastefromUSB stick,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Launch dashboard and resize so that it can be viewed as you navigate through the Archivematica processes.,[object Object],FireFox: uncheck File/Work Offline,[object Object],Web-based administration for the archivist,[object Object],Tracks various stages of the archival process,[object Object],(In this demo setup of ) ArchiveMatica manual approval is required from archivist at various stages in the process:,[object Object],we’ll have a look at contents of SIP, AIP and DIP at each of these stages,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],ArchiveMatica-SIP,[object Object],Folder structure, containing metadata, checksums, object files,[object Object],logs,[object Object],logs/fileMeta,[object Object],metadata: checksum and descriptive metadata,[object Object],objects: digital objects to be preserved,[object Object],Content changes as SIP is moved through the different stages of the archiving process,[object Object],Demo SIP = ImagesSIP directory,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Start the archival process ,[object Object],Drap and drop the ImagesSIP directory into the receiveSIP watched directory,[object Object],Rename the SIP,[object Object],The SIP appears in the DashBoard,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],First approval: appraise SIP for submission,[object Object],click on Micro-Services to look at actions performed by ArchiveMatica so far,[object Object],SIP backup, SIP compliant, assign UUIDs (package and object files), check delivered checksums (if any delivered),[object Object],click on Browse to see contents of SIP at this stage,[object Object],logs/fileUUIDs.log,[object Object],logs/fileMeta/*.xml for each object file: PREMIS-formatted metadata,[object Object], file name, uuid, sha256 hash,[object Object],events that occurred on the object file,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],First approval: appraise SIP for submission,[object Object],submitted SIP should be in accordance with institution’s submission agreements,[object Object],delete any unwanted files or directories ,[object Object],File Manager/appraiseSIPForSubmission,[object Object],add descriptive metadata about the SIP in metadata/dublincore.xml,[object Object],click on Approve,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],SIP quarantined ,[object Object],SIP is placed in quarantine for virus checking,[object Object],Why quarantine? ,[object Object],Give ClamAV a chance to pick up the latest version of its virus database,[object Object],How long?,[object Object],demo: preset to one minute,[object Object],National Archives of Australia: 1 month,[object Object],archivist can manually remove SIP from quarantine,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Second approval: appraise SIP for preservation,[object Object],zipped/tarred/… files are extracted,[object Object],check directory and file names,[object Object],scan for viruses,[object Object],using FITS:,[object Object],identify and validate format of object files,[object Object],extract technical metadata – PREMIS,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Second approval: appraise SIP for preservation,[object Object],logs/clamAVScan.txt: report on virus checking,[object Object],logs/extraction.log: report on extracted zip,[object Object],logs/fileMeta/*.xml: augmentedPREMIS-formatted metadata,[object Object],format designation(PRONOM PUID identifier),[object Object],events,[object Object],technical metadata,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Second approval: appraise SIP for preservation,[object Object],technical metadata: object characteristics,[object Object],<fits_output> XML formatted metadata ,[object Object],<fits/identification>,[object Object],<fits/fileinfo>,[object Object],<fits/filestatus>: well-formed / valid,[object Object],<fits/metadata>: technical metadata of object,[object Object],<fits/toolOutput>: output results of used tools Jhove, File Utility, Exiftool, Droid, 		NLNZ Metadata Extractor, ffident		File Information, XML Metadata,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Second approval: appraise SIP for preservation,[object Object],delete any unwanted files or directories from the SIP ,[object Object],FileManager/appraiseSIPForPreservation,[object Object],click on Approve,[object Object],ArchiveMatica  now creates an AIP and a DIP for this SIP,[object Object],normalization based on format identified ,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Third approval: push AIP to archival storage,[object Object],storeAIP contains one zip file for the AIP,[object Object],containing a bag (according BagIt specs),[object Object],Click on Browse next to Store AIP micro-service,[object Object],Look in the bag,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],ArchiveMatica-AIP,[object Object],data/,[object Object],logs/normalizationLog.txt,[object Object],metadata: the dublincore.xml,[object Object],checksum.sha256 for the AIP,[object Object],objects: all original formats + preservation formats,[object Object],METS.xml: METS XML container with structural, descriptive, administrative metadata of AIP,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],ArchiveMatica-AIP / METS.xml,[object Object],<structMap>: structure of the AIP,[object Object],<fileSec>: list of files included in the AIP,[object Object],<dmdSec>: descriptive metadata for the AIP (the dublincore.xml),[object Object],<amdSec>: administrative metadata,[object Object],<digiprovMD>: PREMIS-formatted digital provenance metadata,[object Object],most of it is grabbed from the logs/fileMetafiles,[object Object],object identification and characteristics,[object Object],events ,[object Object],agents,[object Object],relation between original and preservation copies,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Third approval: push AIP to archival storage,[object Object],If wanted, check contents of the AIP : you are not able to make any changes though in an AIP,[object Object],click on Approve,[object Object],AIP is pushed into archival storage,[object Object],our demo setup: the AIPsStore directory,[object Object],real life: cloud storage, Amazon S3, your own network storage device, CLOCKSS, …,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],Fourth approval: upload DIP to public access system,[object Object],directory created for this DIP under uploadDIP,[object Object],objects: normalized access copies of the object files ,[object Object],objectsBackup: idem,[object Object],METS.xml: identical as in the AIP,[object Object],If wanted, check and change contents of the DIP ,[object Object],File Manager / uploadDIP,[object Object],click on Approve,[object Object],removed from SIPbackups,[object Object],copied to DIPbackups,[object Object],our demo setup: DIP is pushed towards an ICA-Atom public access system,[object Object]
Archivematica 0.7 Alpha Demo,[object Object],ICA-AtoM public access system,[object Object],Fully web-basedarchival description application based on International Council on Archives standards,[object Object],AtoM = Access to Memory,[object Object],Point Firefox to http://localhost/ica-atom,[object Object],UploadedDIPs are by default in draft. Change status to ‘published’ for these to become visible in public access,[object Object],Log in: demo@example.com / demo,[object Object],Choosefromarchival descriptions,[object Object],Edit: change publication status to ‘published’,[object Object],Log out,[object Object],Selected archive isnowpublicly visible,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Context: multiple digital archives,[object Object],DI-pot,[object Object],All academic output (except PhD theses),[object Object],Most digital born / some digitized by library staff,[object Object],Self-submission by academic staff ,[object Object],Extensively modified DSpace 1.4.2 ,[object Object],Metadata granularity ,[object Object],Semi-automated metadata ingest from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BibTex and RIS files,[object Object],Integrated with central administration databases (staff, departments, controlled vocabulary, ...),[object Object],55K descriptions,[object Object],8K full-text [ PDF ],[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Context: multiple digital archives,[object Object],Bictel,[object Object],PhD theses (since 2004),[object Object],Most digital born / some digitized by library staff,[object Object],Self-submission, with some support from faculty staff,[object Object],ETD software from Virginia Tech,[object Object],Metadata per object file: access restrictions, deposit dates, mime type, location,[object Object],1300 descriptions,[object Object],Typically multiple object files per thesis [ PDF ],[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Context: multiple digital archives,[object Object],Iconothèque,[object Object],Audiovisual material as support for courses,[object Object],Most digital born / some digitized by faculty staff,[object Object],Self-submission by faculty staff,[object Object],ContentDM 5.4,[object Object],12K descriptions,[object Object],[ JPEG ],[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Context: multiple digital archives,[object Object],Digithèque,[object Object],Out of print / public domain books and journals,[object Object],Digitized by library staff,[object Object],Submission by library staff,[object Object],Symphony + file system (available over SMB, HTTP),[object Object],100K pages / 344 publications,[object Object],[ TIFF + PDF ],[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Context: multiple digital archives,[object Object],Near future: archives of ULB,[object Object],(our ISADG enabled) DSpace,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],All our digital archives :,[object Object],Talk OAI-PMH,[object Object],Expose identical exchange format ,[object Object],Based on MPEG21-DIDL,[object Object],Compound object of item and associated object files,[object Object],“Globally unique persistent identifier” (GUPI) for item and each object file,[object Object],Descriptive metadata for item expressed in MODS,[object Object],Metadata for object files: descriptive, version, access restrictions, deposit /embargo dates, mime type, location,[object Object]
DIDL[1],[object Object],Item[1],[object Object],Descriptor/Identifier (persistent identifier),[object Object],Descriptor/modified,[object Object],Item[1..∞] (of type descriptiveMetadata),[object Object],Descriptor/type (« descriptiveMetadata »),[object Object],Descriptor/Identifier (persistent identifier),[object Object],Descriptor/modified,[object Object],Component/Resource -- representation by value (XML),[object Object],Item[0..∞] (of type objectFile),[object Object],Descriptor/type (« objectFile »),[object Object],Descriptor/Identifier (persistent identifier),[object Object],Descriptor/modified,[object Object],Component/Resource -- representation by ref. (URL),[object Object],Item[0..1] (of type humanStartPage),[object Object],Descriptor/type (« humanStartPage »),[object Object],Component/Resource -- representation by ref. (URL),[object Object],Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],One dissemination platform,[object Object],SAMBURU: harvest and index,[object Object],DIDL records are harvested from the digital archives ,[object Object],DIDL record is stored as-is in MySQL database,[object Object],DIDL record is transformed into SOLR document and stored in Lucene indexes,[object Object],DI-fusion: web portal,[object Object],Based on VuFind,[object Object],Search/retrieve records through SOLR,[object Object],Use XSLT to transform DIDL into HTML,[object Object],Additional 2.0 functionality with AJAX technology,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Samburu,[object Object],SOLR,[object Object],DI-fusion,[object Object],web ,[object Object],portal,[object Object],OAI-PMH,[object Object],DI-pot,[object Object],Indexer,[object Object],BicTel,[object Object],Harvester,[object Object],Lucene indexes,[object Object],Icono,[object Object],MySQL,[object Object],Metadata Store,[object Object],Digi,[object Object],UMons,[object Object],OAI-PMH,[object Object],OAI-PMH,[object Object],Metadata,[object Object],Enrichment,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Enrichment process,[object Object],Fetch DIDL records from SAMBURU md store+ Fetch object files (in function of enrichment type) ,[object Object],Calculate enrichment and create DIDL formatted enrichment record,[object Object],Make enrichment record available over OAI-PMH,[object Object],SAMBURU harvests and merges original DIDL record with enrichment DIDL record, before re-indexing into Lucene,[object Object],End user sees enrichment through DI-fusion,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Enrichment: 3 prototype setups,[object Object],Enrichment service at Erasmus University in Rotterdam fetches publications in economics from md store, and determines JEL classification codes based on text analysis,[object Object],Enrichment service @ ULB extracts texts from PDFs and indexes on all words. DI-fusion permits end user to do a full-text search,[object Object],Enrichment service @ ULB enriches with JCR impact factors (based on ISSN and publication year),[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Back to digital preservation,[object Object],SUBMISSION,[object Object],metadata and object files (through 4 submission interfaces) ,[object Object],DISSEMINATION,[object Object],through DI-fusion,[object Object],ARCHIVAL,[object Object],we need a PAS: “Perpetual Archiving System”,[object Object],based on the idea of enrichment,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],Samburu,[object Object],SOLR,[object Object],DI-fusion,[object Object],web ,[object Object],portal,[object Object],OAI-PMH,[object Object],DI-pot,[object Object],Indexer,[object Object],BicTel,[object Object],Harvester,[object Object],Lucene indexes,[object Object],Icono,[object Object],MySQL,[object Object],Metadata Store,[object Object],Digi,[object Object],UMons,[object Object],OAI-PMH,[object Object],OAI-PMH,[object Object],PAS,[object Object],SIPs,[object Object],AIPs,[object Object],DIPs,[object Object],LOCKSS,[object Object],Admin,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],PAS-SIP,[object Object],Retrieve DIDL records over OAI-PMH from SAMBURU metadata store,[object Object],Fetch object files, based on references included in the DIDL record,[object Object],Make and store ArchiveMatica-SIP,[object Object],Alternative to OAI-PMH + web grabbing:,[object Object],Prepare ArchiveMatica-SIPs on a network-attached filesystem,[object Object],More practical for bulk ingest into AM: less network traffic,[object Object],We would probably try a combined approach: bulk + incremental,[object Object],Specific package information registered in PAS-Admin,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],PAS-AIP,[object Object],Use ArchiveMatica micro-services to create and store ArchiveMatica-AIP, according to media type preservation plan,[object Object],Fully automated, at least for certain media types (PDF, JPEG, TIFF),[object Object],Update package information in PAS-Admin,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],PAS-DIP,[object Object],Use ArchiveMatica micro-services to create and store ArchiveMatica-DIP, according to media type preservation plan,[object Object],DIPped object files made available through web service,[object Object],Update package information in PAS-Admin,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],PAS-Admin,[object Object],Digital preservation status of packages information accessible over a web service:,[object Object],Original digital archive wants to find out archival status of its items, based on gupi of item or object file,[object Object],End user accesses DIPped object files through web service: not publicly available since dependent on accessibility restrictions set by IPR owner in original digital archive,[object Object],AIPs are pushed into outer preservation space, e.g. LOCKSS + registered as suchin PAS-Admin,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],PAS-Admin,[object Object],Throughout SIP/AIP/DIP processing, relevant information should be registered about the packages in a db,[object Object],For each SIP, AIP, DIP:,[object Object],(I) gupi of item and all object files,[object Object],uuid of package,[object Object],(I) identifier of original digital archive,[object Object],(I) date of creation/modification,[object Object]
Digital preservation @ ULB,[object Object],PAS-Admin,[object Object],relevant metadata of DIPs are made available as DIDL-structured (enrichment) records over OAI-PMH for SAMBURU to pick up,[object Object],Parse/extract from METS.xml:,[object Object],Essentially mime type and location,[object Object],sum of original metadata and PAS-created metadata is available to DI-fusion,[object Object],DI-fusion could for example decide to only show DIP version of an object file, and inform end user of the existence of the original object file format,[object Object]
Open DiscussionAlternative options for integrating Archivematica or a subset of digital curation micro-services into your digitization workflow.,[object Object]
Issues,[object Object],Institutional repositories are also used to maintain an institution’s bibliography, with frequent updates of descriptive metadata and object files. ,[object Object],	When should digital objects from an IR be preserved?,[object Object]
Issues,[object Object],Dappert, A. & Enders M. Using METS, PREMISand MODS for archiving eJournalsD-Lib Magazine Volume 14 Number (9/10)http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september08/dappert/09dappert.html,[object Object],“AIP per generation” generation: change in md and/or object file,[object Object]
Issues,[object Object],Both ArchiveMatica and LOCKSS are looking into solutions for the normalization of objects and packaging. Both systems seem redundant at first. ,[object Object],	How does ArchiveMatica interact with LOCKSS?,[object Object]
Issues,[object Object],ArchiveMatica-AIPs, DSpace-AIPs, exchange of packages between digital archives, nationwide preservation solution.,[object Object],	Need for interoperability standards?,[object Object],	TIPR: Towards Interoperable Preservation ,[object Object],Respositories,[object Object],	RXP: Repository eXchange Package,[object Object]
AIP Repository Interoperability,[object Object],	“For reasons of redundancy, succession planning and software migration, repositories must be able to exchange copies of archival information packages with each other. Every different repository application, however, describes and structures its archival packages differently. Therefore each system produces dissemination packages that are rarely understandable or usable as submission packages by other repositories. “,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
AIP Repository Interoperability,[object Object],One possible solution: RXP (Repository eXchange Package), developed by the Towards Interoperable Preservation Repositories (TIPR) project which has defined a standards-based package of metadata files that can act as an intermediary information package, the RXP, a lingua franca all repositories can read and write.,[object Object],Another option: create AIPS followingthe HathiTrust specification for digital objects.,[object Object],Source,[object Object],Source,[object Object]
Issues,[object Object],AIPs are intended for perpetual access and therefore only contain objects that comply to an open documented format. Any human being within 50 years should be able to re-read the contents of the object files, given a textual documentation.,[object Object],	So, why migrate AIPs into a new(er) format?,[object Object]
Issues,[object Object],Archivematica normalizes moving pictures into MPEG2 = loss of quality,[object Object],Lossless conversion would be Motion JPEG2000,[object Object],However: no open-source CLI-based tool for conversion into Motion JPEG2000 format  available,[object Object]
Issues,[object Object],The more copies of a digital object are stored all over the place, the less trivial becomes control of copyright. ,[object Object],	Is geo-independent perpetual archiving in contradiction with IPR issues?,[object Object]
Issues,[object Object],Packages are self-contained: if you find an AIP, you know what it is about, and you can read, look, hear it. But how do you find the AIP in a see of billions of AIPs?,[object Object],	Don’t forget to preserve finding aids! How?,[object Object]
Contact,[object Object],SlavkoManojlovich,[object Object],Associate University Librarian (IT),[object Object],Manager, Digital Archives Initiative,[object Object],Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s,[object Object],slavko@mun.ca,[object Object],& ,[object Object],Benoit Pauwels,[object Object],Head, Library Automation Team,[object Object],Université Libre de Bruxelles,[object Object],Benoit.Pauwels@ulb.ac.be,[object Object],*This presentation may be downloaded at:,[object Object],http://dl.dropbox.com/u/18652253/phoenix%20presentation.pptx,[object Object]

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