Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and weather processes. The field has a long history dating back millennia, though significant progress occurred in the 18th century with observing networks. Meteorologists work in various sectors to forecast weather and study atmospheric phenomena across micro, meso, and synoptic scales. Key instruments invented over time include the rain gauge, thermometer, barometer, hygrometer, and aneroid barometer, enabling the detailed study and prediction of weather and climate.

1. History of Meteorology

9. Barometers Evangelista Torricelli is credited with inventing the barometer in 1643 to measure air pressure, but both Giovanni Battista Baliani in 1630 and René Descartes in 1631 had postulated a version of the barometer even earlier than that. GasperoBerti, who had heard from Galileo about the design written down by Baliani, attempted to experiment with water in a vacuum between 1639 and 1641 to explain why pumps would not draw water above a certain height. Torricelli, however, approached it from a different angle and recognized that air had weight; he also recognized that mercury in a barometer was a suitable replacement for water. Years later, Blaise Pascal and Florin Périer refined the design.

10. Sample pictures of Weather Instruments

11. Sling psychometer Thermometer Aneroid barometers

12. Online activity no.2 Earth science Prepared by: Monica C. Bolilan