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lS1S878(Part V)=1976
hdhn StandW
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF
TUNNELS CONVEYING WATER
PART V CONCRETE LINING
(First Revision)
1
~
,
/,’
Third Reprint SEPTEMBER 1994
UDC 624.191.2:69.034.92
@ Co@ri#t 1976
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
M%NAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELII1 110002
Gr 3 November 1976
IS:5878(PartV)-1976
IndianStandard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF
TUNNELS CONVEYING WATER
PART V CONCRETE LlNlNG
(First Revision)
Water Conductor Systems Sectiona Committee, BDC 58
Chairman
Sam P. M. MANE
Ramalayam, Peddar Road, Bombay 400026
Bmbm Re@.wnting
Sxm S. P. BEAT Public Works and Electricity Department,
Government of Kamataka, Bangalore
SHBIK. R. NABAYANARAO ( Alternate )
Garm EN~XNEEB( CIVIL) Andhra Pradesh State
Hyderabad
Electricity Board,
SI~PEBIRT~ZX~DX~I~ ENOINEER
(DESIGN AND PLANNING)
( Alternate)
CBIEBENQINEEB( CIVIL) Kerala State Electricity Board, Trivandrum
SEBIK. RAXABHADRANNA~R( Alttrnatc)
CEIE~ENQINEEB( IIUUQATION) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil
SUPEBINTENDWQ EN~~NEEB
Nadu, Madras
( DEaIQNa) ( Al&r&c )
CEIEF ENCUNEEH( PROJECITAND Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, Madras
CONSTXUJOTION)
SWPERU~Z~NDINQENCUNEER
SHBIhTP DATTA
EOHNXOAL/CIVIL) ( Alternate )
Dntm;l~‘( HCD-I )
J3eas Designs Organization, Nangal Township
Central Water Commission, New Delhi
D~IXCY DIBECTOR( PH-I ) ( AlrcrMfe)
XREGTOB,IPRI Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab,
SEXI H. L. SEA~~A ( Altematc )
Chandigarh
~HBI R. G. GANDHI
SH~I R. K. JOSHI( Altemutr)
Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
( C0atiaa6t#on@uge2 )
,
@ CoPyrgkf 1976
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written.permissionof the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS : 5878 ( Part V ) - 1976
( Continued from page 1 )
Members Representing
DR S. P. Gdno Irrigation Department, Government of fltt
Pradesh, Lucknow
SHRI M. S. JAIN Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
SHRI N. K. MANDWAL ( Allernatc )
JOINT DIREIZTOBSTANDARDS ( SM ) Ministry of Railways, New Delhi
DEPUTY DIRECTOR STANDABDS
( B&S )- 1 ( Afternate )
SEBI B. S. KAPRE Irrigation Department, Government of Ma1
rashtra, Bombay
SERI S. M. B~ALE~AO ( dllernafe)
Sam D. N. KOCHHAR National Projects Construction Corporation L
New Delhi
SERI G.’ P~BTHASARTHY ( Alternate )
SEEI Y. G. PATEL Pate1 Engineering Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI C. K. CHOKBHX ( Alternate )
SERI S. N. PHUKAN Assam State Electricity Board, Shillong
SERI S C. SEN ( Alternate )
Saw A. R. RAICHUR R. J. Shah ((r Co Ltd, Bombay
SHW S. R. S. SABTRY Mysore Power Corporation Ltd, Government
Karnataka, Bangalore
SHBI G. N. TANDON Irrigation Department; Government of U
Pradesh, Lucknow
SEBI B. T. UNWALLA Concrete Association of India, Bombay
SHRI E. T. ANTIA (Alternate)
SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member )
Director ( Civ Engg )
Secretary
SARI K. K. SEARMA
Assistant Director (Civ Engg), IS1
Panel For Construction of Tunnels, BDC 58 : P2
Convener
Saw B. S. KAPRE Irrigation Department, Government of M;
rashtra, Bombay
Members
SHRI C. K. CEOKSHI Pate1 Engineering Co Ltd, Bombay
DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( HCD-I ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi
D ;SP;)T,Y DIRECTUR RESEARCH Ministry of Railways, New Delhi
DEPUTY DIRECTOB STANDARDS
( B&S ) -1 ( AllernoU )
SHE&I R. K. JOSEI Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
SHBI R. M. V~DWAN~ ( Alfcrnfe )‘
SERX K. RaMhnHaDRAN NA~R Kerala State Electricity Board, Trivandrum
SHRI JOHN M. JOHN ( Alternate)
SHRI A. R. RAICHUR R. J. Shah & Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI G. L RAMABWAMIAH Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd. Bombay
Snar S. A. VXJAYAKEEILTY ( Alternate )
SHRI G. N. TANDON Irrigation Drpartment, Government of 1
Pradesh, Lucknow
2
IS : 5878 ( Part V ) - 1976
Mian Standard
CODE OF PRACTXCE FOR CONSTRUCT1ION OF
TUNNELS CONVEYING WATER
P’ART V CONCRETE LINING
(First Revision )
0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part V ) was adopted by the Indian Standards
Institution on 31 August 1976, after the draft finalized by the Water
Conductor Systems Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Council,
I).2 This Indian Standard was Rrst published in 1971 and is being revised
with a view to keeping abreast with the technological developments that
have taken place in the iic!d of tunnel design and construction.
0.3 The construction of tunnels involves a large number of problems.
Because of the great extent of variations in the nature of the work many
different kinds of conditions are encountered which for maximum economy,
consistent with technical requirements should be treated differently. This
standard covers recommendations which would be generally applicable to
construction of tunnels for the assistance of engineers engaged on such
projects. This standard should, however, be used with caution since due
to the very nature of the subject it is not possible to lay down detailed
specifications to cover each and every possible case and the discretion ofthe
engineer-in-charge would be required in some cases.
0.4 Lining in tunnels is technically an important component and generally
constitutes 30 to 40 percent of the total cost of the tunnel. Therefore
lining operation requires considerable study and carefu! planning. Tunnels
forming part of ‘water conductor system have to be invariably lined with
cement concrete from structural and hydraulic considerations with some
exceptions when the rock is extremely hard, sound and massive like granite
and/or where the tunnel may be in operation for short periods in a year,
IS:!5878(PartV)-1976
0.5 This standard has been published in parts. Other parts of this standard
are as follows:
Part I Precision survey and setting out
PartII Underground excavation in rock
Section 1 Drilling and blasting
Section 2 Ventilation, lighting, mucking and dewatering
Section 3 Tunnelling method for steeply inclined tunnels, shafts
and underground power houses
Part III Underground excavation in soft strata
Part IV Tunnel supports
Part VI Steel linings
Part VII Grouting
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard ( Part V ) lays down specifications and procedures for
placing concrete lining for tunnels conveying water,
2. _REQUIREMENTS
2.1 The requirements for concrete lining of tunnels shall be carefully drafted
as the conditions for lining tunnels are quite different from those of other
cement concrete works. Requirements of lining of tunnels are special on
account of curvature, thin sections and difficulties in placement and
compaction in restricted spaces.
2.1.1 All the requirements for coarse and fine aggregates, cement, water,
and concrete grading and corresponding strength in accordance with
IS : 456.1964* shall apply. On account of curvature, irregularities in rock
profile, thin sections and placing of concrete generally required to be done
either through a concrete pump or pneumatic placer, the concrete neces-
sarily requires to be flowy to avoid seggregation and to ensure proper filling
in. The slump of concrete should not be less than 10 cm and the sand
content shall be more than that specified in IS : 456-1964*. The cement
content shall also be more than what is indicated by laboratory tests alone
( see Note below ). Where concrete is placed directly, as in inverts and
kerbs, the slump should be reduced to 5 cm. Use of natural aggregates,
especially sand, either wholly or partly, improves the pumpability of concrete
and is recommended commensurate with practicability and economy. The
maximum size of aggregate shall not exceed 40 mm. This should, however,
be reduced suitably for specific locations and conditions.
NOTE-The cement content in concrete may vary from 350 to 400 kg/ma.
However,in particular locations where experience indicates, the minimum cement
content may be reduced to 325 kg/m3 where natural aggregates are used and there
*Code of practice for plair! and reinforced concrete ( second rcoi&n ).
4
IS:5878(PartV)-D76
is no hindrance of supports or reinforcement. Where crushed aggregates are used
and where supports or reinforcement come in the way, the minimum cement content
may be suitably increased to ensureadequateworkability. Allthe above mentioned
cement contentsare applicableto concrete placed through a concrete pump or by
pneumaticplacer.
2.1.2 It is advisable to use air entraining agent, to entrain up to 4
percent of air for improving workability of concrete.
3. CONTROL OF SEEPAGE WATER
3.1 Seepage water shall be suitably controlled and prevented from getting
mixed with green concrete in the lining.
4. APPROPRIATE TIME FOR PLACING CONCRETE LINING
4.1 The appropriate time for placing concrete lining will be governed by
the conditions of rock tunnelled through. In cases where due to tectonic
forces rock dilates, it is advisable to allow sufficient time for such dilations
to reduce to reasonable limits to ensure that concrete lining will not fail by
cracking due to heavy and unequal external forces. In cases where rock
may not dilate much but may deteriorate in structure causing spalling,
placing of a thin layer of concrete between steel ribs to support full surface
of the rock and transfer the forces to the steel supports would be desirable
( in certain conditions, shot-Crete may be resorted to in place of such block-
ing concrete, taking care to ensure that the gap between external flange of
the support and rock is fully filled up ). Blocking concrete or shot-Crete
has to be placed with minimum possible time lag after excavation. Shot-
Crete can be applied more quickly than blocking concrete. In cases where
rock is of better type than referred to above, concrete lining may come
at any time convenient to suit the construction programme and practical
considerations.
5. SEQJTENCES OF LINING
5.1 The sequence of concrete placement for tunnel lining depends on the
shape of the tunnel, its size, the nature of the rock strata and the type of
form work and other plant and equipment used and has to be selected
taking into account the construction schedule and progress scheduled to be
achieved for the particular work.
lining in tunnels are:
The sequences generally adopted for
a) placing concrete to form the kerbs first, followed by side walls and
arch and finally the invert;
b) placing concrete to form the invert first followed by sides and arch;
and
e) placing concrete for the invert, side walls and arch all at one GRW,
5
.*4
:
IS : 5878( Part V ) - 1976
5.1.1 The sequence given at 5.1(a) is suited for horse-shoe, D-shaped
and other flat bottomed and wide tunnels. The kerb shall be built up to
a section of sufficient width to serve as a base for the errection of forms for
sides and shall be properly anchored and made stable to withstand the
loads of concrete lining and form work. After the kerb is constructed, the
lining of the sides and arch follows. The sides of the kerb against which
the sides and the invert concrete will be laid later should preferably be
radial to their respective curvatures. This sequence has the advantage that
all operations of concreting kerb, placing of shutters and forms and lining
of sides and arches can be done with minimum disturbance to the track
lines on the floor and for movement of other traffic. Then the track lines
and other service lines are removed and invert concreting is done last. By
this method the bottom concrete surface does not get damaged. An
additional advantage in this is that it permits of concreting the sides and
arch simultaneously with excavation with a suitable gap.
5.1.2 The sequence described at 5.1 (b) is suitable when the bottom of
the tunnel is narrow or when the section is circular. The invert concreting
is done first and a regular base for the erection of the form work
for sides and. arches is obtained making further vjork easier. But this
procedure entails the removal of trolley tracks and other service lines laid
on the floor and again laying them over the concreted invert for lining of
sides and arch. It has also the disadvantage that the concrete surface of the
invert is likely to get damaged during the operations for laying the overt.
These practical difficuhies increase if transport is by trucks.
5.1.2.1 In tunnels through weak strata, where the tunnel floor tends to
wear out fast or heave up, the above sequence is required to be adopted.
In cases where Iarge horizontal thrusts are encountered, the placing of
invert concrete in advance of lining of sides, serves as strutting between the
sides. The concrete surface can be protected suitably.
5.1.3 The sequence described at 5.1 (c) is possible only in small and
circular tunnels. It is difficult to be adopted in ordinary course and may
be resorted to only where concrete pumping facilities are available and
construction programme demands it. It has some advantages in steeply
inclined tunnels. These present problems in proper alignment along the
tunnel axes.
5.1.4 In case of tunnels through soft rock, when it is found that the rock
strata is likely to collapse, it may become necessary to provide a primary
lining over and between the steel supports ( if provided ) at the time of
driving the tunnel, or by shot-creting immediately. ( see 4 ).
NOTE - Different types and methods of primary and main lining are described
in IS : 5878 ( Part III )-1972’.
*Code of practice for construction of tunnels conveying watqr; Part III Underground
excavation in soft strata.
6
IS:5878(PartV)-l976
6. FORM WORK
6.1 General - Generally for tunnel lining steel forms are used in the
interest of speed and economy due to their multiple use. There are various
types of form work used for tunnel lining, such as rib and plates, rib and
laggings, travelling shutters with or without telescoping. Timber formwork
has to be resorted to in sharp bends, transitions and junctions. The use of
a particular type for a job depends on the size, shape and the length
of tunnel.
6.1.1 In a rock tunnel where the concrete is placed mechanically, forms
may be removed after 16 to 24 hours from the placing of last batch of
concrete. The form surface shall be oiled before concreting to avoid
concrete sticking to it.
6.2 Rib and Plate or Rib and Lagging - This type of form work may
be used for tunnels of medium size, that is, up to 5 m diameter. When
concrete is to be hand placed on short tunnels, this type of form work
is convenient.
6.2.1. Ribs made of either channels or T-sections placed at intervals of
about 1 m according to the thickness of the concrete lining shall be erected
firmly over the invert and either adequately stiffened steel plates or timber
lagging shall be fixed from the bottom upwards as the concrete rises,
6.3 Travelling Non-telescoping Form Work - In this ‘case the whole
form work is preassembled and mounted on a travelling frame fixed with
wheels running on a track and screw jacks are provided for collapsing -the
form work, when required. In all types or travelling forms the sections are
hinged to permit collapsing. J acks are required for bracing and aligning
the forms.
6.3.1 This type is easy and economical to move. For this type of forms
concrete for the sides and arch may be placed in one continuous operation.
The traveller which carries the form structurally forms a part of the form
work. The forms arc made in units 6 to 12 m long and can be struck and
reassembled quickly depending on the requirements of construction traffic
and matching concreting equipment.
6.4 Travelling Telescoping Form Work - This is so designed that the
back unit can be collapsed and moved forward through the front unit
without disturbing it. The side plates are hinged to the arch plate so that
it is pctSsiblc to collapse them. The traveller is equipped with jacks and
other accessories for this purpose. The form work shall be self-supporting
while travclling in the collapsed condition also.
7
6.5 MomolitMc Foxrn Work — This is practically a dip firm work for
continuous use. ‘l%h type of form work is only suitable for a circular or
near circular tunnel when the lining of full section is done in one operation.
This type of form woi:k may be suitable in steeply inclined tunnelslshafts,
6.6 Gesseral lkequ~remdsst of Forms — AH form work should have
inspection windows about 50 x 30 cm in size and not more than B m apart.
Horizontal and ver$~cal intervals of spacings will depend on the size and
shape of tunnel, thi! .kness of lining, method of placement and workability
of concrete. The aim shall be to eusure dense compact concrete. These
windows are used to place and “ibrate the concrete. The shutters to these
should be strung and easily operable and fitting well as not to permit cement
slurry to flow out or to leave projections in the finished concrete surface.
Flexible shaft intern d type vibrators may be used through these windows.
jil6.6.1 All forms, ;:xcept where continuous non-stop concreting is adopted,
require provision of a bulk head shattering at the other end where use of
timber is generally ( onvenient. The bulk head is necessary to make a neat
construction joint.
7. BATCHING AND MIXING PLANT
7.1 In large tunnel lining jobs, it is necessary to use batching and mixing
plants to manufacture concrete for lining. Depending on the size of tunnel
and equipment ava; lable, the concrete may be mixed in a standard batching
and mixing plant outside the tunnel and the mixed concrete taken to site of
placement or the aggregates batched and mixed dry outside and taken to
site of placement inside the tunnel and mixed with water inside the tunnel.
It is advisible to add cement also inside to avoid its setting as the aggregates
are aften wet or m3ist. Except in small or very short tunnels, the concrete
placer or concrete pump shall be inside the tunnel, near the site of lining.
In large tunnels especially long ones, wherever it is possible and convenient,
taking the mixing and batching plants also inside the tunnel is advisable.
8. TRANSPORTING CONCRETE OR DRY MIXED AGGREGATES
8.1 For tunnels of short length and where comparatively large volumes of
concrete are requi :ed, concrete is generally mixed in a batching plant located
at a suitable site outside the tunnel, and the mixed concrete conveyed as
quickly as possib!c to the site of placement by means of short belt conveyow,
agitator cars, truck mounted mixers, etc, and poured into the hopper of the
concrete pump or placer kept close to the location of concreting. This has
a disadvantage that as the ,time of transportation increases, the quality of
concrete tends to get affected through over-mixing in the case of agitator
cars and truck mounted mixers and a certain amount of initial set may take
place before actwd placement.
8
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10. REINFORCEMENT
18:5878 (E%sI%V)-1976
8.2 For tunnels of comparatively longer len~hs, it is advantageous to batch
and mix the concrete in dry Condition outside the tunnel and then convey
the same inside the tunnels to locations of placement by means of tipping
wagons or dumpers. The dry mixed aggregates are then-remixed at site adding
the required quantity of cement and water to obtain the specified slump and
water cement ratio. The aggregates should be as dry as possible when mixed
outside. The mixer for mixing at site of placement has to be so located that
the dry mixed aggregates ean be easily dumped into the hopper of the
mixer and the mixed concrete pouring out of it can fall into the hopper of
the placer or pump. Suitable retarders may be used where ready mixed
concrete is transported in transit cars. In case of vertical shafts used as
construction adit, mixed concrete can be conveyed through ‘elephant
trunks ‘. These ‘ trunks ‘ should be made up of short tapered pieces linked
to each other. The drop from the bottom of the ‘ trunk’ to the concrete
heap below shall not be more than 1 m.
90 PLACING CONCRETE
9.1 If the invert concreting or kerb concreting is done first, the surface of
old concrete shall be covered by 25 mm thick layer of mortar ( of the same
mix as the concrete, without coarse aggregate ) to get a proper bond with
the new concrete. During concreting by a pump or a placer behind form
work for sides and arch, if the placing is interrupted ftw a period of more
than one hour, a batch ( sufficient to cover the area by a 15 mm layer) of
mortar as above shall be pumped to cover the cold joints.
9.1.1 Care shall be taken while pouring through side doors in forms so
that no hollow pockets remain. In the case of monolithic forms, as the
concrete will fill the invert first, there may be a tendency for the form to
float, and therefore the form shall be strutted down rigidly from the sides
and the roof of the tunnel as well.
9.1.2 The concrete may be placed either by a concrete pump or
pneumatic placer. Concrete in the invert may be placed direct. The
discharge end of the concrete delivery pipe may be ke tmried a few
centimetrex inside the freshly placed concrete, as far as practicable, to avoid
segregation. Pumps and especially placers are sensitive to the pressure of
the compressed air supply. In case of long compressed air supply lines, air
chambers of adequate capacity shall be provided on the pipe line near the
discharge end to reduce pressure drop.
10.1 It is generally not necessary to provide my reinforcement in the lining
in good rock [ seeIS :4880 ( Part Iv ) - 1971*]. Whenever it becomes
*Codeof practicefor designof tunnelsconveyingwater: PartIV Structuraldesignof
concreteliningin rock.
.4
9
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f.
@3:5878(PartV)-1976
necessary to provide reinforcement, sufficient cover shall be provided. The
spacing of reinforcement shall be adequate to permit flow of concrete around
it without any hollows anywhere.
11. CONSTRUCTION JOINT
11.1Two types of construction joints generally become necessary namely,
(a) bulk head and (b) longitudinal.
11.1.1Bulk head joints are required to be provided at the end of each
shutter.
11.1.2 Longitudinal joints become necessary at the junction of the sides
and the invert where the kerb becomes an integral part of either the invert
or the sides. Where the kerbs are laid separately, there will be two such
joints at each kerb. When the sides and arch are laid separately similar
joints become necessary at sides and arch. No special treatment is
necessary for such construction joints except general cleaning and, where
applicable, a layer of cement sand mortar as specified in 9.1 may be laid on
the joint.
12. CONSOLIDATION
12.1 As far as possible, flexible shaft immersion type vibrators having a
vibrating needle of 50 mm dia and 8 000 vibrationslmin frequency should
be used for vibration of concrete ( See IS : 2505-1968* ). In addition the
concrete shall be vibrated by external form vibrators of minimum 0’5 kW
capacity. The spacing of form vibrators depends on the size of vibrator,
mass of form work, thickness of concrete, etc. The spacing shall be adequate
to ensure satisfactory compaction. The vibrator spacing shall be closer at
the crown portion.
13. CURING
13.1 Curing may be generally done by spraying water at short intervals to
maintain a wet surface. Strong draft of. wind shall be avoided through the
tunnel to reduce chances of sudden drying and %onsequent cracking,
X4. GROUTING
14.1 Concrete lining of underground works shall be grouted to pack the
hollow space (gaps ) between rock and concrete lining. Grouting shall be
done under flow pressure not exceeding 5 kg/cm’ or as required depending
on the circumstances. The pattern and spacing of the holes shall be decided
in accordance with IS : 5878 (Part VII)-1972t. Where grout intake
indicates gap of more than 10 mm, very fine sand or rock dust should be
added to the grout to fill the gap. In certain locations addition of bentonite
may be helpful to hold cement in suspension for satisfactory grouting. The
grout pressure should be reduced adequately when contact grouting in
crown portion is done before invert is laid.
*Specification for concrete vibrators,immersiontype (&st r&s&m).
tCode ofpractice for constructionof tunnelsconveyingwater: Part VII Grouting. .*‘.
;
10
?
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha
( Common to all Offices)
Regional Offices: Telephone
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 331 01 31
NEW DELHI II 0002
I
331 1375
*Eastern : I/l 4 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P: Road, ’ 36 24 94
Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054
Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C,
1
21843
CHANDIGARH 160036 3 I6 41
1
41 24 42
Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 41 25 I9
41 29 I6
tWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6 32 92 95
BOMBAY 400093
Branch Offices:
‘Pushpak’. Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur,
I
2 63 48
AHMADABAD 380001 2 63 49
S,Peenya Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road (38 49 55
BANGALORE 560058
Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar,
138 49 56
667 16
BHOPAL 462003
Plot No. 82183, Lewis Road. BHUBANESHWAR 751002
531’5. Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane,
GUWAHATI 781003
5 36 27
3 31 77
5-8-56C L.‘N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ),
HY DERABAD 5OOOOI
23 1083
R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005
i
6 34 71
6 98 32
117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005
(
21 68 76
21 82 92
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05
T.C. No. 14/1421. University P.O.. Palayam
TRIVANDRUM 695035
16 2 I 64
16 21 17
/nspection Offices ( With Sale Point ):
Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71
Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010
Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35
PUNE 411005
*Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0. Princep 27 66 00
Street, Calcutta 700072
tSales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chimbers, Grant Road, 89 66 26
Bombay 400007
$Sales Office’ih Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, 22 36 71
Bangalore 560002
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

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5878 5

  • 1. IF -, .— . .. y..’ J ‘ ... I .— lS1S878(Part V)=1976 hdhn StandW CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS CONVEYING WATER PART V CONCRETE LINING (First Revision) 1 ~ , /,’ Third Reprint SEPTEMBER 1994 UDC 624.191.2:69.034.92 @ Co@ri#t 1976 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS M%NAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELII1 110002 Gr 3 November 1976
  • 2. IS:5878(PartV)-1976 IndianStandard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS CONVEYING WATER PART V CONCRETE LlNlNG (First Revision) Water Conductor Systems Sectiona Committee, BDC 58 Chairman Sam P. M. MANE Ramalayam, Peddar Road, Bombay 400026 Bmbm Re@.wnting Sxm S. P. BEAT Public Works and Electricity Department, Government of Kamataka, Bangalore SHBIK. R. NABAYANARAO ( Alternate ) Garm EN~XNEEB( CIVIL) Andhra Pradesh State Hyderabad Electricity Board, SI~PEBIRT~ZX~DX~I~ ENOINEER (DESIGN AND PLANNING) ( Alternate) CBIEBENQINEEB( CIVIL) Kerala State Electricity Board, Trivandrum SEBIK. RAXABHADRANNA~R( Alttrnatc) CEIE~ENQINEEB( IIUUQATION) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil SUPEBINTENDWQ EN~~NEEB Nadu, Madras ( DEaIQNa) ( Al&r&c ) CEIEF ENCUNEEH( PROJECITAND Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, Madras CONSTXUJOTION) SWPERU~Z~NDINQENCUNEER SHBIhTP DATTA EOHNXOAL/CIVIL) ( Alternate ) Dntm;l~‘( HCD-I ) J3eas Designs Organization, Nangal Township Central Water Commission, New Delhi D~IXCY DIBECTOR( PH-I ) ( AlrcrMfe) XREGTOB,IPRI Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, SEXI H. L. SEA~~A ( Altematc ) Chandigarh ~HBI R. G. GANDHI SH~I R. K. JOSHI( Altemutr) Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay ( C0atiaa6t#on@uge2 ) , @ CoPyrgkf 1976 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written.permissionof the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
  • 3. IS : 5878 ( Part V ) - 1976 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Representing DR S. P. Gdno Irrigation Department, Government of fltt Pradesh, Lucknow SHRI M. S. JAIN Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI N. K. MANDWAL ( Allernatc ) JOINT DIREIZTOBSTANDARDS ( SM ) Ministry of Railways, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR STANDABDS ( B&S )- 1 ( Afternate ) SEBI B. S. KAPRE Irrigation Department, Government of Ma1 rashtra, Bombay SERI S. M. B~ALE~AO ( dllernafe) Sam D. N. KOCHHAR National Projects Construction Corporation L New Delhi SERI G.’ P~BTHASARTHY ( Alternate ) SEEI Y. G. PATEL Pate1 Engineering Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI C. K. CHOKBHX ( Alternate ) SERI S. N. PHUKAN Assam State Electricity Board, Shillong SERI S C. SEN ( Alternate ) Saw A. R. RAICHUR R. J. Shah ((r Co Ltd, Bombay SHW S. R. S. SABTRY Mysore Power Corporation Ltd, Government Karnataka, Bangalore SHBI G. N. TANDON Irrigation Department; Government of U Pradesh, Lucknow SEBI B. T. UNWALLA Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRI E. T. ANTIA (Alternate) SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SARI K. K. SEARMA Assistant Director (Civ Engg), IS1 Panel For Construction of Tunnels, BDC 58 : P2 Convener Saw B. S. KAPRE Irrigation Department, Government of M; rashtra, Bombay Members SHRI C. K. CEOKSHI Pate1 Engineering Co Ltd, Bombay DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( HCD-I ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi D ;SP;)T,Y DIRECTUR RESEARCH Ministry of Railways, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOB STANDARDS ( B&S ) -1 ( AllernoU ) SHE&I R. K. JOSEI Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SHBI R. M. V~DWAN~ ( Alfcrnfe )‘ SERX K. RaMhnHaDRAN NA~R Kerala State Electricity Board, Trivandrum SHRI JOHN M. JOHN ( Alternate) SHRI A. R. RAICHUR R. J. Shah & Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI G. L RAMABWAMIAH Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd. Bombay Snar S. A. VXJAYAKEEILTY ( Alternate ) SHRI G. N. TANDON Irrigation Drpartment, Government of 1 Pradesh, Lucknow 2
  • 4. IS : 5878 ( Part V ) - 1976 Mian Standard CODE OF PRACTXCE FOR CONSTRUCT1ION OF TUNNELS CONVEYING WATER P’ART V CONCRETE LINING (First Revision ) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part V ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 31 August 1976, after the draft finalized by the Water Conductor Systems Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council, I).2 This Indian Standard was Rrst published in 1971 and is being revised with a view to keeping abreast with the technological developments that have taken place in the iic!d of tunnel design and construction. 0.3 The construction of tunnels involves a large number of problems. Because of the great extent of variations in the nature of the work many different kinds of conditions are encountered which for maximum economy, consistent with technical requirements should be treated differently. This standard covers recommendations which would be generally applicable to construction of tunnels for the assistance of engineers engaged on such projects. This standard should, however, be used with caution since due to the very nature of the subject it is not possible to lay down detailed specifications to cover each and every possible case and the discretion ofthe engineer-in-charge would be required in some cases. 0.4 Lining in tunnels is technically an important component and generally constitutes 30 to 40 percent of the total cost of the tunnel. Therefore lining operation requires considerable study and carefu! planning. Tunnels forming part of ‘water conductor system have to be invariably lined with cement concrete from structural and hydraulic considerations with some exceptions when the rock is extremely hard, sound and massive like granite and/or where the tunnel may be in operation for short periods in a year,
  • 5. IS:!5878(PartV)-1976 0.5 This standard has been published in parts. Other parts of this standard are as follows: Part I Precision survey and setting out PartII Underground excavation in rock Section 1 Drilling and blasting Section 2 Ventilation, lighting, mucking and dewatering Section 3 Tunnelling method for steeply inclined tunnels, shafts and underground power houses Part III Underground excavation in soft strata Part IV Tunnel supports Part VI Steel linings Part VII Grouting 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part V ) lays down specifications and procedures for placing concrete lining for tunnels conveying water, 2. _REQUIREMENTS 2.1 The requirements for concrete lining of tunnels shall be carefully drafted as the conditions for lining tunnels are quite different from those of other cement concrete works. Requirements of lining of tunnels are special on account of curvature, thin sections and difficulties in placement and compaction in restricted spaces. 2.1.1 All the requirements for coarse and fine aggregates, cement, water, and concrete grading and corresponding strength in accordance with IS : 456.1964* shall apply. On account of curvature, irregularities in rock profile, thin sections and placing of concrete generally required to be done either through a concrete pump or pneumatic placer, the concrete neces- sarily requires to be flowy to avoid seggregation and to ensure proper filling in. The slump of concrete should not be less than 10 cm and the sand content shall be more than that specified in IS : 456-1964*. The cement content shall also be more than what is indicated by laboratory tests alone ( see Note below ). Where concrete is placed directly, as in inverts and kerbs, the slump should be reduced to 5 cm. Use of natural aggregates, especially sand, either wholly or partly, improves the pumpability of concrete and is recommended commensurate with practicability and economy. The maximum size of aggregate shall not exceed 40 mm. This should, however, be reduced suitably for specific locations and conditions. NOTE-The cement content in concrete may vary from 350 to 400 kg/ma. However,in particular locations where experience indicates, the minimum cement content may be reduced to 325 kg/m3 where natural aggregates are used and there *Code of practice for plair! and reinforced concrete ( second rcoi&n ). 4
  • 6. IS:5878(PartV)-D76 is no hindrance of supports or reinforcement. Where crushed aggregates are used and where supports or reinforcement come in the way, the minimum cement content may be suitably increased to ensureadequateworkability. Allthe above mentioned cement contentsare applicableto concrete placed through a concrete pump or by pneumaticplacer. 2.1.2 It is advisable to use air entraining agent, to entrain up to 4 percent of air for improving workability of concrete. 3. CONTROL OF SEEPAGE WATER 3.1 Seepage water shall be suitably controlled and prevented from getting mixed with green concrete in the lining. 4. APPROPRIATE TIME FOR PLACING CONCRETE LINING 4.1 The appropriate time for placing concrete lining will be governed by the conditions of rock tunnelled through. In cases where due to tectonic forces rock dilates, it is advisable to allow sufficient time for such dilations to reduce to reasonable limits to ensure that concrete lining will not fail by cracking due to heavy and unequal external forces. In cases where rock may not dilate much but may deteriorate in structure causing spalling, placing of a thin layer of concrete between steel ribs to support full surface of the rock and transfer the forces to the steel supports would be desirable ( in certain conditions, shot-Crete may be resorted to in place of such block- ing concrete, taking care to ensure that the gap between external flange of the support and rock is fully filled up ). Blocking concrete or shot-Crete has to be placed with minimum possible time lag after excavation. Shot- Crete can be applied more quickly than blocking concrete. In cases where rock is of better type than referred to above, concrete lining may come at any time convenient to suit the construction programme and practical considerations. 5. SEQJTENCES OF LINING 5.1 The sequence of concrete placement for tunnel lining depends on the shape of the tunnel, its size, the nature of the rock strata and the type of form work and other plant and equipment used and has to be selected taking into account the construction schedule and progress scheduled to be achieved for the particular work. lining in tunnels are: The sequences generally adopted for a) placing concrete to form the kerbs first, followed by side walls and arch and finally the invert; b) placing concrete to form the invert first followed by sides and arch; and e) placing concrete for the invert, side walls and arch all at one GRW, 5 .*4 :
  • 7. IS : 5878( Part V ) - 1976 5.1.1 The sequence given at 5.1(a) is suited for horse-shoe, D-shaped and other flat bottomed and wide tunnels. The kerb shall be built up to a section of sufficient width to serve as a base for the errection of forms for sides and shall be properly anchored and made stable to withstand the loads of concrete lining and form work. After the kerb is constructed, the lining of the sides and arch follows. The sides of the kerb against which the sides and the invert concrete will be laid later should preferably be radial to their respective curvatures. This sequence has the advantage that all operations of concreting kerb, placing of shutters and forms and lining of sides and arches can be done with minimum disturbance to the track lines on the floor and for movement of other traffic. Then the track lines and other service lines are removed and invert concreting is done last. By this method the bottom concrete surface does not get damaged. An additional advantage in this is that it permits of concreting the sides and arch simultaneously with excavation with a suitable gap. 5.1.2 The sequence described at 5.1 (b) is suitable when the bottom of the tunnel is narrow or when the section is circular. The invert concreting is done first and a regular base for the erection of the form work for sides and. arches is obtained making further vjork easier. But this procedure entails the removal of trolley tracks and other service lines laid on the floor and again laying them over the concreted invert for lining of sides and arch. It has also the disadvantage that the concrete surface of the invert is likely to get damaged during the operations for laying the overt. These practical difficuhies increase if transport is by trucks. 5.1.2.1 In tunnels through weak strata, where the tunnel floor tends to wear out fast or heave up, the above sequence is required to be adopted. In cases where Iarge horizontal thrusts are encountered, the placing of invert concrete in advance of lining of sides, serves as strutting between the sides. The concrete surface can be protected suitably. 5.1.3 The sequence described at 5.1 (c) is possible only in small and circular tunnels. It is difficult to be adopted in ordinary course and may be resorted to only where concrete pumping facilities are available and construction programme demands it. It has some advantages in steeply inclined tunnels. These present problems in proper alignment along the tunnel axes. 5.1.4 In case of tunnels through soft rock, when it is found that the rock strata is likely to collapse, it may become necessary to provide a primary lining over and between the steel supports ( if provided ) at the time of driving the tunnel, or by shot-creting immediately. ( see 4 ). NOTE - Different types and methods of primary and main lining are described in IS : 5878 ( Part III )-1972’. *Code of practice for construction of tunnels conveying watqr; Part III Underground excavation in soft strata. 6
  • 8. IS:5878(PartV)-l976 6. FORM WORK 6.1 General - Generally for tunnel lining steel forms are used in the interest of speed and economy due to their multiple use. There are various types of form work used for tunnel lining, such as rib and plates, rib and laggings, travelling shutters with or without telescoping. Timber formwork has to be resorted to in sharp bends, transitions and junctions. The use of a particular type for a job depends on the size, shape and the length of tunnel. 6.1.1 In a rock tunnel where the concrete is placed mechanically, forms may be removed after 16 to 24 hours from the placing of last batch of concrete. The form surface shall be oiled before concreting to avoid concrete sticking to it. 6.2 Rib and Plate or Rib and Lagging - This type of form work may be used for tunnels of medium size, that is, up to 5 m diameter. When concrete is to be hand placed on short tunnels, this type of form work is convenient. 6.2.1. Ribs made of either channels or T-sections placed at intervals of about 1 m according to the thickness of the concrete lining shall be erected firmly over the invert and either adequately stiffened steel plates or timber lagging shall be fixed from the bottom upwards as the concrete rises, 6.3 Travelling Non-telescoping Form Work - In this ‘case the whole form work is preassembled and mounted on a travelling frame fixed with wheels running on a track and screw jacks are provided for collapsing -the form work, when required. In all types or travelling forms the sections are hinged to permit collapsing. J acks are required for bracing and aligning the forms. 6.3.1 This type is easy and economical to move. For this type of forms concrete for the sides and arch may be placed in one continuous operation. The traveller which carries the form structurally forms a part of the form work. The forms arc made in units 6 to 12 m long and can be struck and reassembled quickly depending on the requirements of construction traffic and matching concreting equipment. 6.4 Travelling Telescoping Form Work - This is so designed that the back unit can be collapsed and moved forward through the front unit without disturbing it. The side plates are hinged to the arch plate so that it is pctSsiblc to collapse them. The traveller is equipped with jacks and other accessories for this purpose. The form work shall be self-supporting while travclling in the collapsed condition also. 7
  • 9. 6.5 MomolitMc Foxrn Work — This is practically a dip firm work for continuous use. ‘l%h type of form work is only suitable for a circular or near circular tunnel when the lining of full section is done in one operation. This type of form woi:k may be suitable in steeply inclined tunnelslshafts, 6.6 Gesseral lkequ~remdsst of Forms — AH form work should have inspection windows about 50 x 30 cm in size and not more than B m apart. Horizontal and ver$~cal intervals of spacings will depend on the size and shape of tunnel, thi! .kness of lining, method of placement and workability of concrete. The aim shall be to eusure dense compact concrete. These windows are used to place and “ibrate the concrete. The shutters to these should be strung and easily operable and fitting well as not to permit cement slurry to flow out or to leave projections in the finished concrete surface. Flexible shaft intern d type vibrators may be used through these windows. jil6.6.1 All forms, ;:xcept where continuous non-stop concreting is adopted, require provision of a bulk head shattering at the other end where use of timber is generally ( onvenient. The bulk head is necessary to make a neat construction joint. 7. BATCHING AND MIXING PLANT 7.1 In large tunnel lining jobs, it is necessary to use batching and mixing plants to manufacture concrete for lining. Depending on the size of tunnel and equipment ava; lable, the concrete may be mixed in a standard batching and mixing plant outside the tunnel and the mixed concrete taken to site of placement or the aggregates batched and mixed dry outside and taken to site of placement inside the tunnel and mixed with water inside the tunnel. It is advisible to add cement also inside to avoid its setting as the aggregates are aften wet or m3ist. Except in small or very short tunnels, the concrete placer or concrete pump shall be inside the tunnel, near the site of lining. In large tunnels especially long ones, wherever it is possible and convenient, taking the mixing and batching plants also inside the tunnel is advisable. 8. TRANSPORTING CONCRETE OR DRY MIXED AGGREGATES 8.1 For tunnels of short length and where comparatively large volumes of concrete are requi :ed, concrete is generally mixed in a batching plant located at a suitable site outside the tunnel, and the mixed concrete conveyed as quickly as possib!c to the site of placement by means of short belt conveyow, agitator cars, truck mounted mixers, etc, and poured into the hopper of the concrete pump or placer kept close to the location of concreting. This has a disadvantage that as the ,time of transportation increases, the quality of concrete tends to get affected through over-mixing in the case of agitator cars and truck mounted mixers and a certain amount of initial set may take place before actwd placement. 8 . . ..---.,-,..%, . ---- .... “ ‘ ‘--’y-! 5$ ,:. . ,, ,. ‘ r’ . . , . -., ., {.’
  • 10. . 10. REINFORCEMENT 18:5878 (E%sI%V)-1976 8.2 For tunnels of comparatively longer len~hs, it is advantageous to batch and mix the concrete in dry Condition outside the tunnel and then convey the same inside the tunnels to locations of placement by means of tipping wagons or dumpers. The dry mixed aggregates are then-remixed at site adding the required quantity of cement and water to obtain the specified slump and water cement ratio. The aggregates should be as dry as possible when mixed outside. The mixer for mixing at site of placement has to be so located that the dry mixed aggregates ean be easily dumped into the hopper of the mixer and the mixed concrete pouring out of it can fall into the hopper of the placer or pump. Suitable retarders may be used where ready mixed concrete is transported in transit cars. In case of vertical shafts used as construction adit, mixed concrete can be conveyed through ‘elephant trunks ‘. These ‘ trunks ‘ should be made up of short tapered pieces linked to each other. The drop from the bottom of the ‘ trunk’ to the concrete heap below shall not be more than 1 m. 90 PLACING CONCRETE 9.1 If the invert concreting or kerb concreting is done first, the surface of old concrete shall be covered by 25 mm thick layer of mortar ( of the same mix as the concrete, without coarse aggregate ) to get a proper bond with the new concrete. During concreting by a pump or a placer behind form work for sides and arch, if the placing is interrupted ftw a period of more than one hour, a batch ( sufficient to cover the area by a 15 mm layer) of mortar as above shall be pumped to cover the cold joints. 9.1.1 Care shall be taken while pouring through side doors in forms so that no hollow pockets remain. In the case of monolithic forms, as the concrete will fill the invert first, there may be a tendency for the form to float, and therefore the form shall be strutted down rigidly from the sides and the roof of the tunnel as well. 9.1.2 The concrete may be placed either by a concrete pump or pneumatic placer. Concrete in the invert may be placed direct. The discharge end of the concrete delivery pipe may be ke tmried a few centimetrex inside the freshly placed concrete, as far as practicable, to avoid segregation. Pumps and especially placers are sensitive to the pressure of the compressed air supply. In case of long compressed air supply lines, air chambers of adequate capacity shall be provided on the pipe line near the discharge end to reduce pressure drop. 10.1 It is generally not necessary to provide my reinforcement in the lining in good rock [ seeIS :4880 ( Part Iv ) - 1971*]. Whenever it becomes *Codeof practicefor designof tunnelsconveyingwater: PartIV Structuraldesignof concreteliningin rock. .4 9 ,. .9 . ,, ,- ., ~.. ... f.
  • 11. @3:5878(PartV)-1976 necessary to provide reinforcement, sufficient cover shall be provided. The spacing of reinforcement shall be adequate to permit flow of concrete around it without any hollows anywhere. 11. CONSTRUCTION JOINT 11.1Two types of construction joints generally become necessary namely, (a) bulk head and (b) longitudinal. 11.1.1Bulk head joints are required to be provided at the end of each shutter. 11.1.2 Longitudinal joints become necessary at the junction of the sides and the invert where the kerb becomes an integral part of either the invert or the sides. Where the kerbs are laid separately, there will be two such joints at each kerb. When the sides and arch are laid separately similar joints become necessary at sides and arch. No special treatment is necessary for such construction joints except general cleaning and, where applicable, a layer of cement sand mortar as specified in 9.1 may be laid on the joint. 12. CONSOLIDATION 12.1 As far as possible, flexible shaft immersion type vibrators having a vibrating needle of 50 mm dia and 8 000 vibrationslmin frequency should be used for vibration of concrete ( See IS : 2505-1968* ). In addition the concrete shall be vibrated by external form vibrators of minimum 0’5 kW capacity. The spacing of form vibrators depends on the size of vibrator, mass of form work, thickness of concrete, etc. The spacing shall be adequate to ensure satisfactory compaction. The vibrator spacing shall be closer at the crown portion. 13. CURING 13.1 Curing may be generally done by spraying water at short intervals to maintain a wet surface. Strong draft of. wind shall be avoided through the tunnel to reduce chances of sudden drying and %onsequent cracking, X4. GROUTING 14.1 Concrete lining of underground works shall be grouted to pack the hollow space (gaps ) between rock and concrete lining. Grouting shall be done under flow pressure not exceeding 5 kg/cm’ or as required depending on the circumstances. The pattern and spacing of the holes shall be decided in accordance with IS : 5878 (Part VII)-1972t. Where grout intake indicates gap of more than 10 mm, very fine sand or rock dust should be added to the grout to fill the gap. In certain locations addition of bentonite may be helpful to hold cement in suspension for satisfactory grouting. The grout pressure should be reduced adequately when contact grouting in crown portion is done before invert is laid. *Specification for concrete vibrators,immersiontype (&st r&s&m). tCode ofpractice for constructionof tunnelsconveyingwater: Part VII Grouting. .*‘. ; 10 ?
  • 12. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 331 01 31 NEW DELHI II 0002 I 331 1375 *Eastern : I/l 4 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P: Road, ’ 36 24 94 Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, 1 21843 CHANDIGARH 160036 3 I6 41 1 41 24 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 41 25 I9 41 29 I6 tWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branch Offices: ‘Pushpak’. Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, I 2 63 48 AHMADABAD 380001 2 63 49 S,Peenya Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road (38 49 55 BANGALORE 560058 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, 138 49 56 667 16 BHOPAL 462003 Plot No. 82183, Lewis Road. BHUBANESHWAR 751002 531’5. Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, GUWAHATI 781003 5 36 27 3 31 77 5-8-56C L.‘N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ), HY DERABAD 5OOOOI 23 1083 R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 i 6 34 71 6 98 32 117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 ( 21 68 76 21 82 92 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05 T.C. No. 14/1421. University P.O.. Palayam TRIVANDRUM 695035 16 2 I 64 16 21 17 /nspection Offices ( With Sale Point ): Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71 Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 PUNE 411005 *Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0. Princep 27 66 00 Street, Calcutta 700072 tSales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chimbers, Grant Road, 89 66 26 Bombay 400007 $Sales Office’ih Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, 22 36 71 Bangalore 560002 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India