2. Objectives
• Explore agency-based health information
systems.
• Evaluate how administrators use core
business systems in their practice.
• Assess the function and information output
from selected information systems used in
healthcare organizations.
3. Introduction
• Healthcare organizations integrate a
variety of clinical and administrative types
of information systems.
• These systems collect, process and
distribute patient-centered data to aid in
managing and providing care.
4. Case Management Information
Systems (CMIS)
• Case management information systems (CMIS)
identify resources, patterns and variances in care
to prevent costly complications related to chronic
conditions and enhance the overall outcomes for
patients.
• Once a trend is identified case management
systems provide decision support promoting
preventative care.
5. Case Management Information
Systems (CMIS)
• A care plan is a set of care guidelines that outline
the course of treatment and the recommended
interventions that should be implemented to
achieve optimal results.
• CMIS are especially beneficial for patient
populations with a high cost of care and complex
health needs such as the elderly or patients with
chronic disease conditions.
6. Case Management Information
Systems (CMIS)
• Case management systems assimilate massive
amounts of information obtained over a patient’s
lifetime by reaching far beyond the walls of the
hospital and track care from one medical visit to
the next (Simpson & Falk, 1996).
• Information collected by case management
systems is processed in a way that helps to
reduce risks, ensures quality, and decrease costs.
7. Communication Systems
• Communication systems promote the
interaction between healthcare providers
and patients.
• Communication systems have historically
been separate from other types of health
information systems and from one another.
8. Communication Systems
• Examples of communication systems include call
light systems, wireless phones, pagers, email, and
instant messaging, which have traditionally been
forms of communication targeted at the
clinicians.
• Integrating communication systems with clinical
applications provides a real-time approach that
will facilitate care among the entire healthcare
team, patients and their families.
9. Core Business Systems
• Core Business Systems enhance
administrative tasks within healthcare
organizations.
• Core business systems provide the
framework for reimbursement, support of
best practices, quality control, and resource
allocation. There are four common core
business systems: 1) admission, discharge
and transfer (ADT), 2) financial, 3) acuity,
and 4) scheduling systems.
10. Admission, Discharge and
Transfer (ADT) System
• Contains the groundwork for the other types of
healthcare information systems since it includes
the patient’s name, medical record number, visit
or account number and demographic information
such as age, sex, home address and contact
information;
• They are the central source for collecting this type
of patient information and communicating it to the
other types of healthcare information systems
including clinical and business.
11. Financial System
• Manage the expenses and revenue for
providing healthcare.
• Financial systems often interface to share
information with materials management,
staffing, and billing systems to balance the
financial impact of these resources within
an organization.
12. Uses of the Financial System
• These systems report the fiscal outcomes in order
to track them against the organizational goals of
an institution.
• Financial systems are one of the major decision-
making factors as healthcare institutions prepare
their fiscal budgets.
• These systems often play a pivotal role in
determining the strategic direction for an
organization.
13. Acuity System
• Calculates the nursing care requirements for
individual patients based on:
– severity of illness,
– specialized equipment and technology needed, and
– intensity of nursing interventions.
• Helps to determine the amount of daily nursing
care needed for each patient in a nursing
unit.
14. Scheduling System
• Scheduling systems coordinate staff,
services, equipment, and allocation of
patient beds.
• Scheduling systems help to track resources
within a facility while managing the
frequency and distribution of those
resources.
15. Order Entry Systems
• Order entry systems are one of the most
important systems in use today.
• These systems automate the way that orders
have traditionally been initiated for patients.
• Order entry systems provide major safeguards by
ensuring that physician orders are legible and
complete thereby providing a level of patient
safety that was historically missing with paper-
based orders.
16. Patient Care Support Systems
• Most specialty disciplines within healthcare
have an associated patient care
information system.
• These patient-centered systems focus on
collecting data and disseminating
information related to direct care.
17. Patient Care Support Systems
• Clinical Documentation Systems also
known as Clinical Information Systems (CIS)
are the most commonly used type of
patient care support system within
healthcare organizations.
• Clinical information systems are designed
to collect patient data in real time.
18. Pharmacy Information Systems
• Pharmacy information systems have also
become a mainstream patient care support
system.
• These systems typically allow pharmacists
to order, manage and dispense
medications for a facility.
19. Laboratory Support Systems
• Laboratory Information Systems were
perhaps some of the first systems ever
used in healthcare.
• Laboratory information systems report on
blood, body fluid and tissue samples along
with biological specimens that are collected
at the bedside and received in a central
laboratory.
20. Radiology Information Systems
• Radiology Information System (RIS) are
systems schedule, result, and store
information as it relates to diagnostic
radiology procedures.
• The benefit of RIS and picture archiving and
communication system (PACS) is their
ability to assist in diagnosing and storing
vital patient care support data.
21. Managing Data in Healthcare
Systems
• Many organizations are aggregating data in
a data warehouse for the purpose of
mining the data to discover new
relationships and to build organizational
knowledge.
• A single comprehensive database facilitates
communications among and helps to
maintain compliance with privacy
regulations.
22. Data Warehouse
• An extremely large database or repository
that stores all of an organization’s or
institution’s data and makes this data
available for data mining.
• The combination of an institution’s many
different databases that provides
management personnel flexible access to
the data.
23. Data Mart
• Collection of data focusing on a specific
topic or organizational unit or department
created to facilitate management
personnel making strategic business
decisions;
• may be as small as one database or larger
such as a compilation of databases;
generally smaller than a data warehouse.
24. Data Mining
• Software that sorts through data in order
to discover patterns and ascertain or
establish relationships.
• Software that helps discover or uncover
previously unidentified relationships
among the data in a database;
• A program that conducts exploratory
analysis looking for hidden patterns in data.
25. Departmental Collaboration and
Knowledge/Information Exchange
• Knowledge exchange is the product of
collaboration when sharing an understanding of
information promotes learning from past
experiences to make better decisions in the
future.
• At an administrative level, collaboration among
key stakeholders is critical to the success of any
project.
• From collaboration comes the exchange of
information and ideas through knowledge
sharing.
26. Thought Provoking Questions
1. What type of technology exists today that
could be converted into new types of
information systems to be used in
healthcare?
2. How could collaboration and knowledge
sharing at a single organization be used to
help individuals preparing for information
technology at a different facility?
