2. WORLD CITIES! Contemporary urbanisation processes Urban decline and regeneration within urban areas Retailing and other services Contemporary sustainability issues in urban areas

9. Urbanisation – which areas?!

12. What does the map show?

13. Niger Ethiopia Oman

14. Saudi Arabia Libya Sweden

16. PUSH From rural

17. PUSH From rural Population growth – not enough land to support the people. Leads to over-farming and low yields Agricultural problems – due to desertification, subdivision of land into smaller plots and debt on loans taken out to help pay for agricultural change. Health - Local diseases and inadequate medical provision. Cash crops – land traditionally used to grow food for locals now used to produce crops for money. Natural disasters – floods, tropical storms, earthquakes.. Wars and civil strike cause people to flee

18. PULL to urban

19. PULL to urban Employment- in factories and service industries such as hotels – better paid than rural area jobs. Informal employment – selling on the street, providing transport eg. rickshaw, prostitution. Better quality social provisions – education, healthcare, entertainment…. A perceived better quality of life