Practical Applications of Digital Media Networking - ProLight + Sound Frankfurt

Digital “Chit Chat”Digital “Chit Chat”
Umberto Zanghieri - ZP Engineering srl
(The Smart Guy who is not here today and would be happy to debate these topics for
two days)
RJ Kenny- Link USA
(The Clever Guy who has actually used all of this stuff and is willing to talk
about it for hours)
Bob Vanden Burgt - Link USA/Link Italy
(The Not So Smart Guy doing the presentation who promises to be done in
45 minutes)
People and ProductsPeople and Products connecting the world of entertainmentconnecting the world of entertainment

Klein Dytham Architecture - Tokyo 2003Klein Dytham Architecture - Tokyo 2003
Grown to over 700 citiesGrown to over 700 cities

Who is thisWho is this
Link?Link?

ItIt’’s all about thes all about the
PP’’s…s…

People and Products connecting the world of entertainment
MarcoMarco PPiromalliiromalli

PeoplePeople andand ProductsProducts connecting the world ofconnecting the world of
entertainmententertainment

People and Products connecting the world of entertainment

Winter Olympic 2006 - Turin, ItalyWinter Olympic 2006 - Turin, Italy

PPaul Simon & Art Gurfunkel -aul Simon & Art Gurfunkel -
Colosseum, RomeColosseum, Rome

20° Anniversary20° Anniversary
Frankfurt 2007Frankfurt 2007
PParmigiano!armigiano!

Analog Audio DistributionAnalog Audio Distribution

Digital AudioDigital Audio
DistributionDistribution

Video DistributionVideo Distribution

PProsecco!rosecco!

Practical Applications forPractical Applications for
Digital Media NetworkingDigital Media Networking
History of Digital Audio Networking
AES, IEEE & Evolution of OSI
Layers
The Current State of the Industry
(fragmented at best)
Transport Protocol Wars
Remote Control & Monitoring
Connectivity Challenges & Practical
Examples
Where are We Going from Here?

Analog or Digital?Analog or Digital?

Analog v. Digital CablingAnalog v. Digital Cabling
48-channel balanced analog multicore48-channel balanced analog multicore
WeightWeight  approx. 1,3 kg/m; 97 kg for 100m + 25kg cable drumapprox. 1,3 kg/m; 97 kg for 100m + 25kg cable drum
CostCost  approx. 20 times the cost of a CAT5e ruggedized cableapprox. 20 times the cost of a CAT5e ruggedized cable
Outer diameterOuter diameter  28 mm28 mm
2 x CAT6 + 2 x AES (Eurocable)2 x CAT6 + 2 x AES (Eurocable)
WeightWeight  approx. 0,38 kg/mapprox. 0,38 kg/m
Outer diameterOuter diameter  18 mm18 mm
vv
ss

Moving Audio AroundMoving Audio Around DigitallyDigitally inin
a Live Production Environmenta Live Production Environment
Quality (Fidelity)
Speed & Priority (Latency -
milliseconds/microseconds, QoS)
Synchronization (Clocking)
Distance (Coax, CAT6, MMF, SMF)
Flexibility / Compatibility
(Topologies / Sharing Hardware)
Cost
Reliability / Redundancy
Compatibility / Standards AES, IEEE
What do we need to careWhat do we need to care
about?about?

History of DigitalHistory of Digital
NetworkingNetworking
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) &Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) &
SamplingSampling
In 1924 while working for AT&TIn 1924 while working for AT&T
Harry Nyquist studied thisHarry Nyquist studied this
sampling technique andsampling technique and
developed the Nyquist Samplingdeveloped the Nyquist Sampling
Theorem. This theorem statesTheorem. This theorem states
that an analog signal can bethat an analog signal can be
uniquely reconstructed, withoutuniquely reconstructed, without
error, from samples taken aterror, from samples taken at
equal time intervals if theequal time intervals if the
sampling rate is equal to, orsampling rate is equal to, or
greater than, twice the highestgreater than, twice the highest
frequency component in thefrequency component in the
analog signal.analog signal.
Sampling Rate = 2(BW) = 2(3300Sampling Rate = 2(BW) = 2(3300
Hz) = 6600 Samples per SecondHz) = 6600 Samples per Second

Public Switched Telephone NetworkPublic Switched Telephone Network
(PSTN)(PSTN)
CoCoder-der-DecDecoder (CODEC) or ADC / DACoder (CODEC) or ADC / DAC

Linear PCM (Reference – CD is 16 bit resolution,Linear PCM (Reference – CD is 16 bit resolution,
44.1kHz)44.1kHz)

Linear PCM – The Big PictureLinear PCM – The Big Picture

Audio Engineering Society (AES)Audio Engineering Society (AES)
Standards - 1948Standards - 1948
• 1985 AES3 – AES/EBU1985 AES3 – AES/EBU
(RS422 Derived)(RS422 Derived)
2 Channels @ 192kHz2 Channels @ 192kHz
• 1991 AES10 – MADI1991 AES10 – MADI
(FDDI – Fibre Disrtib Data Interface)(FDDI – Fibre Disrtib Data Interface)
56 > 64 Channels @ 96kHz56 > 64 Channels @ 96kHz
• 2005 AES50>SuperMAC/ HyperMAC2005 AES50>SuperMAC/ HyperMAC
(Midas-KT)(Midas-KT)
24 Ch @ 96kHz/192 Ch @ 96kHz24 Ch @ 96kHz/192 Ch @ 96kHz
• 2013 AES67 Published – Interoperability2013 AES67 Published – Interoperability
between Layer 3 Audio over IPbetween Layer 3 Audio over IP

Recording in the 1990Recording in the 1990’’ss
•Digital Audio WorkstationsDigital Audio Workstations
•Token Ring Networks forToken Ring Networks for
moving audio data (not real time)moving audio data (not real time)
•Evolution of the DSP > WhyEvolution of the DSP > Why
shouldnshouldn’’t the transport be digital?t the transport be digital?

AIEE+ IRE Combined = Institute ofAIEE+ IRE Combined = Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers-Electrical and Electronics Engineers-
19631963
Important milestones in the
introduction of Ethernet
Transport (IEEE 802.3)
•1980 Ethernet first introduced
•1985 IEEE 802.3
•1990 10 Mbps (10baseT) First
implementation of AoE with CobraNet
•1995 100 Mbps (100baseTX)
•1999 1000 Mbps (1000base TX)
•2004 IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Study
group established for A/V Streaming
•2005 A/V streaming work moved to
the 802.1-working group
•2009 AVnu Alliance launched

Audio-over-EthernetAudio-over-Ethernet
Linear PCM – The Big PictureLinear PCM – The Big Picture
EthernEthern
etet
EthernEthern
etet

64-channel balanced analog multicore (data from Eurocable)64-channel balanced analog multicore (data from Eurocable)
WeightWeight  around 1,3 kg/maround 1,3 kg/m
CostCost  around20 times the cost of a ruggedized CAT5e cablearound20 times the cost of a ruggedized CAT5e cable
reroutingrerouting andand splittingsplitting are now possible - Splits are Free!are now possible - Splits are Free!
(without manual changes to connections, without manual patch bays)(without manual changes to connections, without manual patch bays)
cables are less expensvie and less bulkycables are less expensvie and less bulky
redundancyredundancy at reasonable costsat reasonable costs
control data and audio transport can be combined on a single connectioncontrol data and audio transport can be combined on a single connection
Larger maximum distanceLarger maximum distance
(60-70 m with analog cables, ~ 100 m AoE on copper , ~2km AoE on fibre)(60-70 m with analog cables, ~ 100 m AoE on copper , ~2km AoE on fibre)
(AoE) – why?(AoE) – why?

11
22
33
44
55
66
77 APPLICATIONAPPLICATION
PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION
SESSIONSESSION
TRANSPORTTRANSPORT
NETWORKNETWORK
DATA LINKDATA LINK
PHYSICALPHYSICAL Media, Signals,Media, Signals,
Binary TransmissionBinary Transmission
Physical AddressingPhysical Addressing
Routing of data andRouting of data and
Logical addressingLogical addressing
End-to-end connectionEnd-to-end connection
And reliabilityAnd reliability
Comms setupComms setup
Between devicesBetween devices
Data representationData representation
And encryptionAnd encryption
Network to applicationNetwork to applicationHOSTLAYERSHOSTLAYERSMEDIALAYERSMEDIALAYERS
ISO/OSI protocol layersISO/OSI protocol layers

Ethernet – Evolution ofEthernet – Evolution of
OSIOSI
Layer 1 Protocols - A-Net, REAC, Rocknet,
AES50
Layer 2 Protocols - EtherSound, CobraNet
Layer 3/4 Protocols - Dante, Livewire, Q-
Lan / Q-Sys, RAVENNA
Emerging Standards - AVB

Cobranet - 1996Cobranet - 1996
• designed on 10 Mbps networks in the 90s, compatible with modern networksdesigned on 10 Mbps networks in the 90s, compatible with modern networks
• sync propogation (audio clock) with beat packetssync propogation (audio clock) with beat packets
• over 1 million nodes installed worldwideover 1 million nodes installed worldwide
• designed in USA by Peak Audiodesigned in USA by Peak Audio
• available as an OEM moduleavailable as an OEM module
• the technology has been acquired by a silicon foundrythe technology has been acquired by a silicon foundry
• now available on a single chipnow available on a single chip
• switch-compatible protocolswitch-compatible protocol
• non-audio data traffic can interferenon-audio data traffic can interfere
• latency = 1.33-5 ms, allows routing of low-channel count clusters (bundles)latency = 1.33-5 ms, allows routing of low-channel count clusters (bundles)

Ethersound - 2001Ethersound - 2001
• designed for 100 Mbps networksdesigned for 100 Mbps networks
• uses all the available bandwidth, to transfer the maximum number of channelsuses all the available bandwidth, to transfer the maximum number of channels
• designed for maximum reliability and minimum latency (125 us)designed for maximum reliability and minimum latency (125 us)
• designed in France by Digigramdesigned in France by Digigram
• available and an OEM module and under licenseavailable and an OEM module and under license
• compatiile with some switches (verified by the technology provider)compatiile with some switches (verified by the technology provider)
• does not allow simultaneous non/audio data trafficdoes not allow simultaneous non/audio data traffic

AES50, HyperMAC - 2005AES50, HyperMAC - 2005
• designed by Sony Oxford labsdesigned by Sony Oxford labs
• adopted by Midas / Klark Teknikadopted by Midas / Klark Teknik
• now promoted by Midas/KlarkTekniknow promoted by Midas/KlarkTeknik
• AES50: audio and clock transmission over cat5 and 100BaseTAES50: audio and clock transmission over cat5 and 100BaseT
• 48x48 ch @ 48 kHz48x48 ch @ 48 kHz
• 24x24 ch @ 96 kHz24x24 ch @ 96 kHz
• HyperMAC: 256x256 ch on 1000BaseTHyperMAC: 256x256 ch on 1000BaseT

Dante - 2006Dante - 2006
• designed for 1 Gbps networks, external branches can go at 10 Mbpsdesigned for 1 Gbps networks, external branches can go at 10 Mbps
• clock recovery is based on packet timestamping (IEEE-1588)clock recovery is based on packet timestamping (IEEE-1588)
• compatible with non-audio traffic (switches need management configuration)compatible with non-audio traffic (switches need management configuration)
• designed in Australia by Audinatedesigned in Australia by Audinate
• available as an OEM moduleavailable as an OEM module
• native driver on hostnative driver on host
• high-performance PCI-Express card available (128x128 ch at 96 kHz)high-performance PCI-Express card available (128x128 ch at 96 kHz)

Host audio driverHost audio driver
(Mac, Win)(Mac, Win)
ASIO / CoreAudioASIO / CoreAudio
You need at least one hwYou need at least one hw
device in the networkdevice in the network
Latency = 4, 6 or 10 msLatency = 4, 6 or 10 ms
24-bit audio24-bit audio
Ethernet
port
48 kHz
24-
bit
96 kHz
24-
bit
100 Mbit 32x32 16x16
1 Gigabit 64x64 32x32
Max channel countMax channel count

Audio Video Bridging (AVB) - 2004Audio Video Bridging (AVB) - 2004
• IEEE assigned a group to study audio streaming over EthernetIEEE assigned a group to study audio streaming over Ethernet
•2005 reassigned to 802.1 Task Group2005 reassigned to 802.1 Task Group
•Synchronization (Clocking)Synchronization (Clocking)
•Trafic ShapingTrafic Shaping
•Quality of Service (QOS)Quality of Service (QOS)
•Flag non-participating devicesFlag non-participating devices
•Hardware RequiredHardware Required
•““Guarantee instead of a Promise”Guarantee instead of a Promise”

AudVidBridge &AudVidBridge &
DanteDante

The Digital ChallengeThe Digital Challenge
How many more RJ45How many more RJ45
Jacks?Jacks?

The Digital ChallengeThe Digital Challenge

Digital NetworkingDigital Networking
TodayToday
The Current State of the Industry
Transport Protocol Wars, It’s a Mess with
HOPE!
Many are Proprietary
Lack of easy digital interoperability
Require multiple cabling topologies and
disparate signal types
Non Standard or Specialized Equipment
Remote Control & Monitoring for is a
Completely Separate Issue (Open Control
Alliance - OCA)

SomeSome ““Real WorldReal World”” ExperienceExperience
AES/EBU Drive + Canbus D&B
PM1D, Link Yamaha system
Midas Pro6 AES50 & HyperMAC
Avid Venue with 6x75 Cable
PM5D, Dante, Dglink,
M7CL ES, EtherSound / Dante DGLink,
LabGruppen
Digico SD7, SD Rack, 6 x75 Cable
Video solutions

CS1D/DSP1DCS1D/DSP1D
 50 Ohm Coax50 Ohm Coax
ControlControl
 75 Ohm Coax Word75 Ohm Coax Word
ClockClock
 8 – AES-EBU8 – AES-EBU
 34 Pair 26 AWG SCSI34 Pair 26 AWG SCSI

AES Drive & RemoteAES Drive & Remote
 6 / 12 / 24 AES-EBU6 / 12 / 24 AES-EBU
 2 CAT62 CAT6
 LKA 54 or 85 PinLKA 54 or 85 Pin
ConnectorConnector

MADI with MulticoreMADI with Multicore

M7CL HybridM7CL Hybrid
ES/DanteES/Dante

AES50 & HyperMACAES50 & HyperMAC

AES50 & HyperMACAES50 & HyperMAC
Nobel Peace Prize 2008, OsloNobel Peace Prize 2008, Oslo

PRIPRI
SECSEC
Redundant Dante with LabGruppen PLMRedundant Dante with LabGruppen PLM
Series AmplifiersSeries Amplifiers

What to ExpectWhat to Expect
Hold on for the RideHold on for the Ride
• Open Control Alliance (OCA) “the
other piece of the puzzle”
• Dante is a viable Solution Available
Today and will be Future Compatible
with AVB
• AVB / AVnu Alliance will gain traction
but may not be as “Open” as
reported
• Link will Continue to Track & Support
Multiple Options
• What about Video?

Linear VideoLinear Video
RequirementsRequirements
3G-SDI3G-SDI
HD-SDIHD-SDI
rawraw
720p720p
SD
-SD
I
SD
-SD
I
CCIR-601
CCIR-601
(PAL)
(PAL)
CCIR-601
CCIR-601
MADIMADI
64 ch64 ch
@48 kHz@48 kHz

Stop! – Eat someStop! – Eat some PPizzaizza

Bringing it all TogetherBringing it all Together

There must be a betterThere must be a better
way…way…
Yesterday, we ran discrete cables andYesterday, we ran discrete cables and
networksnetworks

way…way…
Fine Italian Grappa StimulatesFine Italian Grappa Stimulates
CreativityCreativity

way…way…
Fine Italian Cheese StimulatesFine Italian Cheese Stimulates
CreativityCreativity

way…way…
Today, we travel at the speedToday, we travel at the speed
of lightof light

way…way…
““The convenient thingThe convenient thing
about light is that it is reallyabout light is that it is really
fast and travels a longfast and travels a long
way…We've got to riskway…We've got to risk
implosion. We may explodeimplosion. We may explode
into the biggest fireball thisinto the biggest fireball this
part of the galaxy has seen,part of the galaxy has seen,
but we've got to take thatbut we've got to take that
one in a million chance. ~one in a million chance. ~
Captain James T. KirkCaptain James T. Kirk

Optical MultiplexingOptical Multiplexing
What is WDM?What is WDM?
WDM is leveraged in fiber optics to increase theWDM is leveraged in fiber optics to increase the
capacity of a single fibercapacity of a single fiber

Ingress vs. Egress = MuxIngress vs. Egress = Mux

8 Tx/Rx Pairs leverage 16 discrete8 Tx/Rx Pairs leverage 16 discrete
wavelengthswavelengths

Wavelength Separation = Separate PhysicalWavelength Separation = Separate Physical
NetworksNetworks

WDM was first published in 1978 andWDM was first published in 1978 and
leveraged in telephony since the early 80leveraged in telephony since the early 80’s’s

Optical Mux RedundancyOptical Mux Redundancy
We can cost effectively apply it to LiveWe can cost effectively apply it to Live
EntertainmentEntertainment

Introducing theIntroducing the “Mixed” Environment - Field“Mixed” Environment - Field
SideSide

Introducing theIntroducing the “Mixed” Environment - Truck“Mixed” Environment - Truck
SideSide

Bringing it All Together withBringing it All Together with
DGlinkDGlink
•
4 Discrete Gigabit Physical4 Discrete Gigabit Physical
NetworksNetworks
•
Redundant Power SuppliesRedundant Power Supplies
•
Redundant Optical RingRedundant Optical Ring

DGlinkDGlink

DGlinkDGlink
AudioAudio
PlaybacPlaybac
kk
AudioAudio
PlaybacPlaybac
kk
LightinLightin
gg
ControContro
ll
LightinLightin
gg
ControContro
ll
6 circuits6 circuits
20 Amps20 Amps
20 Amps20 Amps
Video overVideo over
Ethernet of SDIEthernet of SDI
Video overVideo over
Ethernet of SDIEthernet of SDI

DGlinkDGlink
AudioAudio
PlaybacPlaybac
kk
AudioAudio
PlaybacPlaybac
kk
LightinLightin
gg
ControContro
ll
LightinLightin
gg
ControContro
ll
RedundantRedundant
Fiber RingFiber Ring
RedundantRedundant
Fiber RingFiber Ring
ACN/DACN/D
MXMX
ACN/DACN/D
MXMX
RedundantRedundant
Dante AudioDante Audio
RedundantRedundant
Dante AudioDante Audio
20 Amps20 Amps
20 Amps20 Amps
4 Discrete4 Discrete
Gigabit NetworksGigabit Networks
4 Discrete4 Discrete
Gigabit NetworksGigabit Networks

The FinalThe Final PP… Party… Party

Visit us for moreVisit us for more
information…information…
Thank YouThank You
www.linkitaly.comwww.linkitaly.com

Practical Applications of Digital Media Networking - ProLight + Sound Frankfurt

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