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Ess topic 1 review

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Brad Kremer
Brad Kremer

This presentation summarizes the key elements of the IBO's Environmental Systems and Societies Topic 1: Systems and Models.

Education
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ESS Topic 1 Review - Systems and Models International School of Tanganyika Mr Brad Kremer April 2011
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems Image credit: http://www.andysalo.com
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems Image credit: http://athaia.com
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems Image credit: http://2.bp.blogspot.com
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems Image credit: http://i.ehow.co.uk
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems Image credit: http://memegenerator.net
Systems Science • Ecosystems • Economic systems • Social systems • Value systems
Systems Approach • Specialization • Grouping • Coordination • Emergent Properties Image credit: http://vmasseau-science.sbsd.sbhs.schoolfusion.us
Systems Have... • Inputs • Outputs • Flows • Storages • Boundaries
Systems Have... • Inputs • Outputs • Flows • Storages • Boundaries Image credit: http://www.cdc.gov
Systems Have... • Inputs • Outputs • Flows • Storages • Boundaries
Systems Have... • Inputs • Outputs • Flows • Storages • Boundaries Image Credit: http://renewingwellness.com
Systems Have... • Inputs • Outputs • Flows • Storages • Boundaries
Open Systems • Exchange both energy and matter. • Almost all ecosystems on Earth. Image credit: http://www.uwsp.edu
Closed Systems • Exchange energy but NOT matter. • Example: H O 2 cycle • Earth is a closed system
Isolated Systems X • Exchange neither energy nor matter. • Don’t exist in nature!
Isolated Systems X • Exchange neither energy nor matter. • Don’t exist in nature!
Thermodynamics 1 • Energy is neither created nor destroyed • Total energy is constant • Energy can be transformed (change state)
Thermodynamics 1 • Energy is neither created nor destroyed • Total energy is constant • Energy can be transformed Image credit: http://dspace.mit.edu (change state)
Thermodynamics 1 • Energy is neither created nor destroyed • Total energy is constant • Energy can be transformed (change state)
Thermodynamics 1 • Energy is neither created nor destroyed • Total energy is constant • Energy can be transformed (change state) Image credit: http://www.solar-benefits.com
Thermodynamics 1 • Energy is neither created nor destroyed • Total energy is constant • Energy can be transformed (change state)
Thermodynamics 2 • Entropy (disorder) always increases • Energy transformations are not efficient • or... Image credit: http://www.zazzle.com
Static Equilibria • Static = no change • closed non- Image credit: http://image.wistatutor.com living systems • rare in nature Image credit: http://www.uwsp.edu • unstable Image credit: Fiona Ross via http://4.bp.blogspot.com
Steady-State Equilibria • Steady-state (dynamic) = many short- term changes • open living systems • overall balance stays the same Image credit: http://www.tececo.com
Positive Feedback • Diverges from the equilibrium • snowball effect • Positive feedback is BAD Image credit: http://givenmydruthers.files.wordpress.com
Negative Feedback • Returns to equilibrium • Minimizes change • Negative feedback is GOOD
Negative Feedback • Returns to equilibrium • Minimizes change • Negative feedback is GOOD Image credit: http://www.wellwrittenwords.com
Negative Feedback • Returns to equilibrium • Minimizes change • Negative feedback is GOOD
Negative Feedback • Returns to equilibrium • Minimizes change • Negative feedback is Image credit: controls.engin.umich.edu GOOD
Negative Feedback • Returns to equilibrium • Minimizes change • Negative feedback is GOOD
Negative Feedback • Returns to equilibrium • Minimizes change • Negative feedback is Image credit: http://sfponline.org GOOD
Negative Feedback • Returns to equilibrium • Minimizes change • Negative feedback is GOOD
Negative Feedback • Returns to equilibrium • Minimizes change • Negative feedback is Image credit: http://www.bbc.co.uk GOOD
Modeling Systems • Physical models • Computer/ software simulations • Math • Diagrams
Modeling Systems • Physical RNA models Polymerase • Computer/ software simulations • Math Image credit: http://cbm.msoe.edu • Diagrams
Modeling Systems • Physical models • Computer/ software simulations • Math • Diagrams
Modeling Systems • Physical models • Computer/ Climate Modeling software simulations • Math • Diagrams Image credit: http://serc.carleton.edu
Modeling Systems • Physical models • Computer/ software simulations • Math • Diagrams
Modeling Systems • Physical models • Computer/ software simulations • Math ?????? • Diagrams Image credit: http://www.desidunia.co.in
Modeling Systems • Physical models • Computer/ software simulations • Math • Diagrams
Modeling Systems • Physical models • Computer/ software simulations • Math • Diagrams Star Wars Image credit: http://www.admit-one.net
Modeling Systems • Advantages: • Disadvantages: • simpler to understand • may be incomplete • change w/out • results accurate? disastrous effects • liable to human error • predict what might happen if...

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