EclipseCon 2010 Bernhard Merkle Textualmodelingtools penalty

Textual Modeling Tools
overview &
penalty shoot-out
Bernhard Merkle
Research & Development
Software-Engineering
SICK-AG Waldkirch/DE
mailto: Bernhard.Merkle@gmail.com
contact on linkedin.com or xing.com
Bernhard Merkle Eclipse Textual Modeling Tools: Page: 1

SICK

Traffic and Luggage Control


DARPA: Urban/Grand Challenge


Google Street View


Catchy title ☺


Outline of talk:
– DSL overview and classification
• textual, graphical, tabular, external, internal
• a real world DSL
• classification/feature model

– Language Workbenches
• Xtext, TEF, TCS, EMFText
• Others: Monticore, Codeworker, IMP
• MPS
• Others: DSL2JDT, ETMOP, CAL


Textual DSL
SELECT firstname, lastName from employee
where age = 42;

([+-]?[0-9]*) | ([A-Z][a-z]+)

public Collection<Student> findByNameAge (String name, int age, {
return em.createNamedQuery("Student.findByNameAge")
.setParameter("name", name) .setParameter("age", age)
.setFirstResult(1) .setMaxResults(30)
.setHint("hintName", "hintValue") .getResultList();
}


DSL: Chess


DSL: Chess P e2 – e4
p g7 – g5
Knight at b2 moves to c3
pawn at f7 moves to f5
Q d1 – h5
# 1-0
Concrete Syntax
Constraints !!!
Abstract Syntax


DSL Language
classification

Feature model for DSL

DSL

Language Transformation Tool Process

Notation (FODA)

Mandatory Feature Alternative Features

Optional Feature Inclusive-or Features

[1] Langlois 2007

Language Features
DSL


Language

Abstract Syntax Concrete Syntax

ASG AST Dependency AS2CS Style

Representation Imperative Declarative
Metamodel Composition

Text Graphic Wizard Table Specific
Representation

[1] Langlois 2007

Criteria…
Language (abstract and concrete syntax)
– LA-AS1. abstract syntax tree or abstract syntax graph
– LA-AS2. grammar or meta-model
– LA-AS3. can be composed

– LA-CS1. technique to map abstract syntax to concrete syntax
– LA-CS2. representation (text, graphic, ...) for concrete syntax
– LA-CS3. declarative or imperative style

[2] Pichler

Transformation: Target Asset
DSL


Specification Target Asset Operational
Transformation
Software Artifact, result
Target Asset
of the transformation

Representation Asset Lifecycle

Model Text Graphic Binary Specific Asset Update Asset
Representation Integration

Assembling and
Destructive Incremental
Packaging
Target Assets

Destroyed & Synchronization
created at each source/target
generation

[1] Langlois 2007

Transformation: Operational Trafo
DSL


Specification Target Asset Operational
Transformation
Operational
Transformation

Transformation Variability
Technique

Model/Text Stage Technique
Technique Ordering Transformation
Transformation Scheduling
Specification,
M2M M2T T2T T2M Transformation Generation /
Execution Form Phasing interpretation,
Compilation,
Integration,
Deployment,
Mode Environment
Implicit Explicit Execution
Techniques
realizing the
AS2TA Compilation Interpretation Internal External Automation Level Location
transformation

Manual Automated Internal External
[1] Langlois 2007

Criteria…
Transformation (target asset/operational translation)
– TR-TA1. target asset (model, text, graphic, binary)
– TR-TA2. destructive or incremental update
– TR-TA3. kind of support for integration of target assets

– TR-OT1. transformation techniques
(M→M, M→T, T→T, T→M)
– TR-OT2. transformation by compilation or interpretation
– TR-OT3. internal or external environment for transformation
– TR-OT4. implicit or explicit scheduling
– TR-OT5. internal or external location
– TR-OT6. automation level (manual or automated)

[2] Pichler

Tool Features
DSL


DSL Tool Non-Functional aspects of the
DSL Tool

Respect of Abstraction
Quality Factor

Functionality Portability
Intrusive Seamless Guiding the DSL Tool user
transformation transformation during definition and
transformation of domain data Reliability Maintainability

Usability Efficiency
User has to be aware of
Assistance
internal transformation
mechanisms & details
or/and solution

Transformation and Static Adaptive Process Guidance Checking
solutions mechanisms &
details are completely
encapsulated Step Workflow Completeness Consistency

[1] Langlois 2007

Criteria…
Tool (respect of abstraction, assistance)
– TO-RA1. respect of abstraction (intrusive or seamless)

– TO-AS1. kind of assistance (static or adaptive)
– TO-AS2. process guidance (step or workflow)
– TO-AS3. checking (completeness or consistency)

Omitted
– Quality factors
– Process features

[2] Pichler

Language
Workbench

DSL Tools with textual modeling
Xtext
TEF (Textual Editing Framework)
TCS (Textual Concrete Syntax)
EMFText

JetBrains MPS
MontiCore, CodeWorker, IMP
DSL2JDT, ETMOP, CAL


TMF Xtext (predessor oAW Xtext)
– http://xtext.org
– http://wiki.eclipse.org/TMF
TEF Textual Editing Framework
– http://www2.informatik.hu-berlin.de/sam/meta-tools/tef
– http://developer.berlios.de/projects/tef/
TCS Textual Concrete Syntax
– http://wiki.eclipse.org/index.php/TCS
– http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/lina/atl/www/
EMFText
– http://emftext.org
– http://st.inf.tu-dresden.de/reuseware/index.php/EMFText


JetBrains MPS
– http://www.jetbrains.com/mps
– Konstantin Solomatov
MontiCore
– http://www.monticore.de
– RWTH Aachen, Academic
CodeWorker
– http://www.codeworker.org/
– Cédric Lemaire
IMP
– http://eclipse-imp.sourceforge.net/
– Robert M. Fuhrer


Chess for…

White: “Mayfield”
Black: “Trinks”

P e2 – e4
p g7 – g5
Knight at b2 moves to c3
pawn at f7 moves to f5
Q d1 – h5
# 1-0


Xtext

Catchy title ☺


Xtext: Chess Language


Xtext + Demo
Grammar+Model
– TMF/Xtext precusor (oAW/Xtext)
– Itemis, 6 fulltime committers Xtext Grammar
chess.xtext
MWE Workflow
GenerateChess.mwe

Run workflow
– AS+CS in xtext file ecore
– Import existing MM, (multiple) ANTRL gen
Scanner+Parser

ASG Formatting, CS
chess.ecore Scoping, validation chess.xmi
– Used for buckminster, b3, …
Editor Generator
– Editor for each language is MM aware
Workflow generated: Workflow
– Languages for ChessGenerator.mwe
Outline, contentassist
• Validation (java, chk) Labeling, Extensions,
etc
• Template (xPand) (JET, Accello)
Developer modifiable: xPand Templates
• Workflow (mwe) Template.xpt
Outline, contentassist Extensions.ext
– Generated Editor fully customizable Labeling, Extensions,
etc


Xtext: Chess Editor + Demo


Xtext
– Several eclipse projects based on Xtext
• B3, buckminster, …
– Tons of useful features
• Language: Validation + Scoping
• Editor: Formatting, Syntax highlighting, Code completion,
Navigation, Reference, Decorators, Folding, Bracket maching,
Auto editing, Styled Label Providers, Find References, Open Xtext
Element, Error Tick, Quickfix support, Case-insensitive keywords
Duplicate name validation, Content Assist in Grammar (great !),
Splitting ANTLR generated parser, API adoptions to EMF style,
referencing java elements, etc…


Xtext
Technical properties
– Currently one of the leading Eclipse TMF
Documentation
– Newsgroup, mailing list
– Screencasts, Tutorials,
– Book forthcoming ?
Status
– Actively developed by itemis
– Commercial training and support available
– NO language Zoo (yet ;-)


TEF

TEF: Chess Language


TEF + Demo
– Humboldt University Berlin Grammar+Model

– PhD. of Markus Scheidgen TEF Grammar
chess.etslt
ASG
Chess.ecore

– Low activity ATM
EMF/genmodel

– AS in ecore, CS in etslt RunCC EMF
Scanner+Parser Chess Impl
– Import existing MM (interpret RUNTIME) Chess Edit
Chess Editor

– EMF Impl+Edit+Editor Editor Generator

– 3 extension points Extension Points:

– EMF VF Text Editor

Model Editor
Popup Editor (embedded)


TEF: Chess Editor + (Text + Model)


TEF
Highlight (personal)
– The first with converging editors (graphical+textual)
– RunCC, parser generator at runtime
– 3 editors: textual, modelbased+embedded
Specification features
– syntax defintion language TSL
Editor:
– Syntax highlighting
– Context sensitive code assists
– Occurrences and navigation
– Context information
– Error annotation

TCS

TCS: Chess Language (AS)


TCS: Chess Language (CS)


TCS
– Univ. Nantes Grammar+Model

– ATLAS project TCS Grammar
chess.tcs
ASG
Chess.km3

“on save…”

– AS in km3, CS in tcs
– Import existing MM ANTLR ASG
Scanner+Parser Chess.ecore
chess.g

– No EMF Impl+Edit+Editor
– Interpret as much as Editor Generator
possible, avoid CG Generic Editor TGE

– Used in ATL2


TCS: Chess Editor + Demo


TCS
– Avoid code generation if possible
– Very flexible, short turnaround as avoids codegen
– Abstract Syntax also textual (KM3)

– KM3, TCS
– ATL is based on TCS


TCS
Documentation
– TCS User Manual
– Lots of papers (but no getting started)
Status
– Large Language Zoo (About 30)
– http://wiki.eclipse.org/TCS/Zoo
– Tool is selfhosting


EMFtext

EMFText: Chess Language (AS)


EMFText: Chess Language (CS)


EMFText
– Univ. Dresden Grammar+Model

– reuse.org project EMFText Grammar
chess.cs
ASG
Chess.ecore

ANT, partially

– AS in ecore3, CS in cs automated in cs

– Import multiple existing AS ANTLR
Scanner+Parser
– Import multiple existing CS chess.g

– EMF Impl+Edit+Editor Editor Generator

– Valiation Generated Editor:
Resolver,
Analysis,
MOPP,
UI, Util

Developer can overwrite


EMFText: Chess Editor + Demo


EMFText
– Generated code does not contain dependencies to EMFText
– Automatic generation of default syntaxes
– Modular specification
(Support for abstract syntaxes and syntax imports)
– Default reference resolving mechanisms
– Comprehensive syntax analysis


EMFText
Editors:
– Outline View
– Customizable Syntax Highlighting
– Occurence Highlighting
– Code Completion
– Advanced bracket handling
– Hyperlinks
– Texthovers
– Instant error reporting

Documentation
– Mailing list
– Documentation, tutorials
Status
– Actively developed by Univ. Dresden
– Large language Zoo (about 50 syntax)


MPS Bernhard Merkle Eclipse Textual Modeling Tools: Page: 75

MPS
– “Language Oriented Programming” Grammar+Model

AST CS
“Structure” “Editor”
– AS: specified by concepts Constraint, Etc.
– CS: specified by editor Typesystem

– No parsing problem: CTRL-F9

cell based editing

– Base Languages for Java, C# Editor Generator
– mpscmindstorms for NXT Generated Editor: Generated Generator:
used in “solution” used in “solution”

– YouTrack (+other IntelliJ products)


MPS: Chess Editor + Demo


MPS
Tool:
– Cell based editor on AST, no parser errors ☺
– Higher learning curve, but once used to amazingly fast

Documentation
– Newsgroup
– Documentation, tutorials
Status
– Actively developed Jetbrains
– Future Jetbrains products based on, new Bugtracker
(YouTrack) based on


Others…

Additional: DSL2JDT


Additional: ETMOP


Additional: CAL


Compare…

Catchy title ☺


Language: AS/CS


Transformation: TA / OT


Additional Aspects…


(Generated) Language Editor

Note: additional features on roadmap ;-)


Open Proprietary but powerful
Fast turnaround Debugging Interpreter is…
Editor++ Large models
Combine views Distributed models
(text/graph) UUID vs. Names
Workflow Evolution
Validation ! (EVF, OCL)


Catchy title ☺


Pictures under CC license from flickr:
1191285966_d701fcb1c3_b_flickr_bluemeat.jpg
3425532267_bd74526b23_b_flickr_tiwo.jpg
1813471845_5a4be999dc_o_flickr_thatcanadiangrrl.jpg
2401122677_c25dea1233_b_flickr_EnglishGirlAbroad.jpg
501709581_f3729ceaeb_b_flickr.jpg

and pictures from istockphoto.com


Textual Modeling Tools
overview &
penalty shoot-out
Bernhard Merkle
Research & Development
Software-Engineering
SICK-AG Waldkirch/DE
mailto: Bernhard.Merkle@gmail.com
contact on linkedin.com or xing.com

EclipseCon 2010 Bernhard Merkle Textualmodelingtools penalty

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