1. Adjective
Resource
Person:
Sir Ajmal
Khan
Presented by:
Tayyba Bashir,
Naila Ghafoor

2. Contents
Adjective
Kinds of Adjectives
Formation of Adjectives
Comparison of Adjectives
Formation of Comparative and Superlative
Interchange of the Degrees of Comparison
Position of Adjectives
The correct use of Adjectives

3.  A word used with a noun to describe or point out
Or to tell the number, quantity or quality, is called
an Adjective.
Person
Animal
Things

4. She is wearing a shiny blue track suit
ADJECTIVES
NOUN

5. It’s a bright sunny day.
What is the adjective used in
the sentence?
ADJECTIVES

6. ADJECTIVE ALSO ASK THE
QUESTIONS:
WHAT KIND?
Iqra is a clever girl.
WHICH ONE?
I like that boy.
HOW MUCH?
He has little
intelligence.
HOW MANY?
She gave me five mangoes.

7. Today is a warm day with hundreds
of birds chirping in the clear blue
sky.
What kind?
How many?
What kind?

8. ADJECTIVES ARE USED IN TWO WAYS:
Attributively Predicatively
 Example:
The lazy boy was punished.
The adjective is used with the
noun as an epithet or attribute.
 Example:
The boy is lazy.
The adjective is used with
the verb, and forms part of
the predicate.
Note

9. KINDS OF ADJECTIVES
Adjectives of Quality (Descriptive Adjectives)
Adjectives of Quantity
Adjectives of Number
Demonstrative Adjectives
Interrogative Adjectives
Emphasizing Adjectives
Exclamatory Adjectives

10. It shows the kind or quality of noun.
He is an honest man.
This is a grammar of English* language.
* Adjectives formed from proper nouns e.g.,(Turkish
tobacco, French wines, Indian tea.) are sometimes
called Proper Adjectives.
Example

11. It shows how much of a thing is meant.
He showed much patience.
You have no sense.
He has lost all his wealth.
Adjectives of quantity answer the question : How
much?
Example

12.  Numeral Adjectives show how many persons or things are meant.
 The hand has five fingers.
 Most boys like cricket.
Numeral adjectives are of three kinds;
a) Definite Numeral adjectives Denote exact number
b) Indefinite Numeral adjectives Don’t denote exact number (all, any)
c) Distributive Numeral adjectives Refer to each one of a number.
Example:
1.Every word of it is true.
2.Pakistan expects every man to do his duty.
Example
Cardinals,
Ordinals

13.  Points out which person or thing is meant.
 These mangoes are sour.
 I hate such things.
 Don’t be in such a hurry.
 Demonstrative adjectives answer the question: which?
Example

14.  What, which, and whose, when they are used with nouns to
ask questions, are called interrogative adjectives.
 What manner of man is he?
 Which way shall we go?
 Whose book is this?
Example

15.  In the following sentences own and very is used as
emphasizing adjectives:
 I saw it with my own eyes.
 Mind your own business.
 That is the very thing we want.
Example

16.  The word what is sometimes used as an Exclamatory
Adjectives.
 What an idea!
 What a blessing!
 What genius!
Example

17. ONE SHOULD NOT USETOO MANY
ADJECTIVES IN THE SENTENCES:
The fierce ugly old brown
tiger.
x
Example

18. TO MAKE A PERFECT SENTENCE ONE
SHOULD FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING ORDER:
SIZE
TYPE
TEXTURE
COLOR

19. The yellow big beach shiny
ball.
x
The big shiny yellow beach
ball.

20. FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES
 Many adjectives are formed from noun.
 Some adjectives are formed from verbs.
cont.…
Noun Adjectives
Boy Boyish
Fool Foolish
Dirt Dirty
verb Adjectives
Talk Talkative
Move Moveable
tire tireless

21.  Some adjectives are formed from adjectives.
FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES
Adjective Adjective
Tragic Tragical
Black Blackish
Sick
Three
white
Sickly
Threefold
whitish

22. DEGREES OF COMPARISON
There are three degrees of comparison.
1. Positive Degree:
The positive degree of some adjective is the adjective in its simple form. It
denotes the mere existence of some quality.
Ex.Ayesha’s mango is sweet.
2. Comparative Degree:
It denotes higher a degree of the quality than the positive, and is used when two
things are compared.
Ex. Iqra’s mango is sweeter than Ayesha’s.
No comparison

23.  3. Superlative Degree
It denotes the highest degree of quality, and is used when more
than two things are compared.
Ex. Fozia’s mango is sweetest of all.
Note
The superlative with most is sometimes used where is no
comparison, but merely to indicate the possession of a quality in
a very high degree; as
This is most unfortunate.
This usage is called the Superlative of Eminence, or the
Absolute Superlative.

24. FORMATION OF COMPARATIVE AND
SUPERLATIVE
1. Most Adjectives of one syllable, and some of more than one, form
the comparative by adding “er” and the superlative by adding “est”
to the positive.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Small smaller smallest
Kind kinder kindest
great greater greatest
bold bolder boldest

25.  When the positive ends in “e” only “r” or “est” are added.
 When the positive ends in “y”, preceded by a consonant, the “y” is changed
into “I” before adding “er” or “est”.
 When the positive ends in a single consonant,preceded by a sort vowel,
this consonant is doubled before adding“er” or “est”.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Brave
fine
braver
finer
Bravest
finest
Positive Comparative Superlative
Happy happier Happiest
easy easier easiest
Positive Comparative Superlative
Red Redder Reddest
Big Bigger Biggest

26. 3. When some word or phrase is joined to the adjective to
explain its meaning, the adjective is placed after its noun; as
He was a man fertile in resource.
4. In certain phrases the adjectives always comes after the
noun; as
God almighty,Time immemorial, lord paramount,
letters patent, Knights temporal etc.

27. 2.Adjectives of more than two syllables form the comparative and the
superlative by putting more and most before the positive.
3.When two objects are compared with each other, the latter term of
comparison must exclude the former; as
Positive Comparative Superlative
Beautiful More Beautiful Most Beautiful
Difficult More Difficult Most Difficult
Iron is more useful than any other metal.

28. ASSIGNMENT:
Are you a dog lover?
 Say something about these
dogs.
 Compare the two dogs. Use
adjectives in describing each.

29. Which is which?
 Describe each dog and
compare one from another.
 Which of it do you want to be
your pet?Why?

30. INTERCHANGE OF THE DEGREES OF
COMPARISON:
 It is possible to change the degree of comparison of an adjective
in a sentence, without changing the meaning of the sentence:
 Positive He is as wise as Solomon.
 Comparative Solomon was not wiser than he is.
 Positive Some poets are at least as great as Tennyson.
 Comparative Tennyson is not greater than some other poets.
 Superlative Tennyson is not greatest of all poets.

31. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
1. An adjective used attributively is generally placed before the noun; as
O captain! My captain! Our fearful trip is done.
2. In poetry , it is frequently placed after the noun; as
Children dear, was it yesterday?
we heard the sweet bells over the bay.
O man with sisters dear!

32. THE CORRECT USE OF ADJECTIVES
 Some, any __ some is used in affirmative sentences, any is used in
negative or interrogative sentences.
 I will buy some mangoes.
 I will not buy any mangoes.
 Have you bought any mangoes?
But any can be used after if in affirmative sentences:
 If you need any money I will help you.
Some is used in questions which really offers/requests or expect the answer
“yes”.
Will you have some ice-cream? (offer)
Could you lend me some money? (request)
Note

33.  Little, a little, the little:
 Little= not much (i.e., hardly any) negative meaning
 A little= some though not much. Positive meaning
 The little= not much , but all there is.
 He showed little concern for his nephew.
 There is a little hope of recovery.
 The little information we had was not quite reliable.
Example