4. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
This is what Nicolas Carr talked about in his book The Big Switch.
5. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
But clouds can be confusing. Part of the reason is that they’re a big deal, which means
everyone wants to be a part of them – even companies who have nothing to do with clouds.
15. http://www.flickr.com/photos/brewbooks/3319730327/
(16MB)
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
First, the machines were expensive. That meant they were a scarce resource, and someone had to control what we could do with
them.
16. http://www.flickr.com/photos/argonne/4563394851/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Second, they were complicated. It took a very strange sect of experts to understand them. AVIDAC, Argonne's first digital
computer, began operation in January 1953. It was built by the Physics Division for $250,000. Pictured is pioneer Argonne
computer scientist Jean F. Hall.
AVIDAC stands for "Argonne Version of the Institute's Digital Automatic Computer" and was based on the IAS architecture
developed by John von Neumann.
25. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
For the most part, governments have a monopoly on roadwork, because it’s something we need, but the benefits are hard to
quantify or charge back for.
29. For much of its history, AT&T and its Bell System functioned as
a legally sanctioned, regulated monopoly.
The US accepted this principle, initially in a 1913 agreement
known as the Kingsbury Commitment.
Anti-trust suit filed in 1949 led in 1956 to a consent decree
whereby AT&T agreed to restrict its activities to the regulated
business of the national telephone system and government
work.
Changes in telecommunications led to a U.S. government
antitrust suit in 1974.
In 1982 when AT&T agreed to divest itself of the wholly owned
Bell operating companies that provided local exchange service.
In 1984 Bell was dead. In its place was a new AT&T and seven
regional Bell operating companies (collectively, the RBOCs.)
http://www.corp.att.com/history/history3.html
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
When monopolies are created with a specific purpose, that’s good. But when they start to stagnate and restrict competition, we
break them apart.
30. http://www.flickr.com/photos/ktylerconk/4096965228/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
In fact, there’s a lot of antitrust regulation that prevents companies from controlling too much of something because they can
stifle innovation and charge whatever they want. That’s one of the things the DOJ does.
31. First: Monopoly good.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
In other words, early on monopolies are good because they let us undertake hugely beneficial, but largely unbillable, tasks.
32. Then: Monopoly bad.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Later, however, they’re bad because they reduce the level of creativity and experimentation.
34. http://www.flickr.com/photos/mbrubeck/4460320021/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
It’s also not complicated. Everyone can use a computer. Because today, the computer is cheap and the human’s expensive we
spend so much time on user interfaces, from GUIs to augmented reality to touchscreens to voice control to geopresence.
44. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
They can shop around—choosing SaaS, clouds, and internal IT according to their business requirements.
45. http://www.codeproject.com/KB/miscctrl/ScriptStudio.aspx Wufoo.com
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
They’re increasingly able to build the applications themselves, but expect IT to deliver smooth, fast platforms on which to
experiment.
47. USERS
APPS
PLATFORMS
HARDWARE
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
It’s an inversion of the traditional IT “pyramid”, where the hardware dictates the platforms, which in turn dictates, the apps,
which dictates what users can do.
48. USERS
APPS
PLATFORMS
HARDWARE
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Today, what users want to do drives the apps they use, which drives the platforms and the hardware.
49. http://www.flickr.com/photos/scriptingnews/3471500626/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
We’ve had big changes since that time. The first was client-server computing: the idea that
not everything lived in a mainframe, and some things worked well on the desktop. Software
like Visicalc—the first spreadsheet—were useful for businesses, even those who couldn’t
afford a mainframe.
50. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NCSA_Mosaic.PNG
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
A second big change was the Web. This browser-based model made computing accessible to
the masses. As a result, it became part of society, and everyone knew how to work it. These
days, you don’t have to teach a new hire how to use a web browser: they know what links do;
what the back button is; and so on.
51. !"#$%%&&&'()*+,'*-.%#!-/-0%#)1234566)*/%789:;7<=>%?
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
A third change is the move to mobility. This has been bigger overseas, where the mobile
phone is the dominant way of accessing the Internet, but it’s still a shift to the always-
connected, always-on lifestyles we lead today.
58. http://www.flickr.com/photos/genewolf/147722350
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Which
inevitably
leads
to
automa3on
and
scrip3ng:
We
need
to
spin
up
and
down
machines,
and
move
them
from
place
to
place.
This
is
hard,
error-‐prone
work
for
humans,
but
perfect
for
automa3on
now
that
rack-‐and-‐stack
has
been
replaced
by
point-‐and-‐click
60. “Cloudy”
tech.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
These
are
the
founda-ons
on
which
new
IT
is
being
built.
Taken
together,
they’re
a
big
part
of
the
movement
towards
cloud
compu-ng,
whether
that’s
in
house
or
on-‐demand.
61. Virtualization divorces the app from the machine.
One on many (or) Many on one
Physical machine
Virtual machine
Virtual Virtual Virtual
Physical Physical Physical machine machine machine
machine machine machine
Virtual Virtual Virtual
Physical Physical Physical machine machine machine
machine machine machine
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Okay, so these things mean we have applications that run “virtually” – that is, they’re divorced
from the underlying hardware. One machine can do ten things; ten machines can do one
thing.
62. That’s the technical definition
Virtualization
Automation
Self-service
Elasticity
Usage tracking & billing
Service-oriented article
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
This is the “technical” definition of cloud computing: virtualized, automated, self-service
computing resources. Some people call this a “private cloud”; others think it’s just IT-done-
right. Whatever the case, data centers are furiously retooling themselves, much to the
enjoyment of companies like VMWare and Citrix.
63. Part three:
Stacks and the separation of concerns.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Part three: Stacks and the separation of concerns
66. Your virtual platform
Layer of separation
Their physical infrastructure
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
You worry about the address, and the stamp. The postal service handles the rest—it doesn’t
care what’s inside your envelope; and you don’t care what route your letter takes to its
destination, as long as it gets there.
67. Part four:
Clouds as a business model.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
69. This has all been DIY.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Notice that so far, nothing I’ve said about clouds implies you can’t just run your own. Up until
now, they’ve been DIY.
70. Clouds
are a
business
model.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
This is the clouds-as-a-business-model definition. In this, cloud computing is a third-party
service.
71. http://www.flickr.com/photos/laenulfean/479831551/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
All of the things we’ve seen about cloud technology make it possible to deliver computing as
a utility -- computing on tap.
The virtualization provides a blood/brain barrier between the application the user is running,
and the machines on which it runs.
72. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
That means you can focus on the thing your business does that makes you special
73. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
And stop worrying about many of the tasks you really didn’t want to do anyway.
74. http://www.oncloudcomputing.com/en/2009/07/fronde-back-to-profit-by-cloud-computing/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Sharing and economies of scale keep costs down. Cloud providers are poised to make the
most of these economies of scale. Consider that in July 2008, Microsoft revealed that it had
96,000 servers at the Quincy facility, consuming "about 11 megawatts"
More than 80% dedicated to Microsoft's Live Search and the remaining for Hotmail
In August, a really good discovery was posted to a blog called "istartedsomething.com": a
screen shot of a software dashboard that illustrates power consumption and server count at
each of Microsoft's fifteen data centers, caught in a Microsoft video posted to their web site.
75. Idle
capacity,
lack of
automation,
etc.
IT server
costs
Ping, power,
pipe,
Private efficiencies
cloud
costs Public
cloud
costs
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
The move towards the cloud business model has a lot to do with the economies of scale that
exist when you can concentrate infrastructure, and put it near dams. (There’s a good—if hotly
debated argument—that clouds-as-a-business-model are inevitable, because of the
economics.)
76. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Cloud providers are thinking at a scale that nearly every enterprise can’t compete with. That’s
because operating efficiency, and accounting for everything, are core to their business;
whereas making widgets is core to yours.
77. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Self-service means customers can deploy and destroy their own machines.
78. Dedicated On-premise Virtual Third-party
hardware private clouds private clouds public clouds
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
So while you can build an automated, self-service, on-demand private cloud, there are also
many public options (is that a bad word in DC? )
79. http://www.flickr.com/photos/carbonnyc/2294144289/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Most of the time, when you hear someone say they’re concerned about the security of cloud
computing, they’re talking about public clouds, and the issues that come with putting your
data somewhere virtually but not knowing where it is physically.
80. Part five:
Kinds of clouds.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
81. http://www.eo.ucar.edu/webweather/cloud3.html
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
So far, while I’ve told you a lot about clouds, I haven’t really told you what they are. That’s
partly because there are many kinds of cloud computing.
We can separate clouds into three distinct groups.
82. Infrastructure as a Service
Amazon EC2, Rackspace Cloud, Terremark,
Gogrid, Joyent (and nearly every private cloud
built on Zenserver or VMWare.)
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
The first is called Infrastructure as a Service, because you’re renting pieces of (virtual)
infrastructure.
84. • 60 seconds per page
Desktop EC2 • 200 machine
Pages 17,481 17,481 instances
Minutes/page 1 1 • 1,407 hours of virtual
# of machines 1 200 machine time
Total minutes 17,481 • Searchable database
Total hours 291.4 26.0 available 26 hours
Total days 12.1 1.1 later
• $144.62 total cost
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
A great example of these clouds in action is what the Washington Post did with Hillarly
Clinton’s diaries during her campaign. They needed to get all 17,481 pages of Hillary Clinton’s White House
schedule scanned and searchable quickly. Using 200 machines, the Post was able to get the data to reporters in only 26 hours. In
fact, the experiment is even more compelling: Desktop OCR took about 30 minutes per page to properly scan, read, resize, and
format each page – which means that it would have taken nearly a year, and cost $123 in power, to do the work on a single machine.
85. Machine Web
Image server
Machine instance
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
In an IaaS model, you’re getting computers as a utility. The unit of the transaction is a virtual
machine. It’s still up to you to install an operating system, and software, or at least to choose
it from a list. You don’t really have a machine -- you have an image of one, and when you
stop the machine, it vanishes.
86. DB Machine
Storage
server Image
Machine instance
App Machine
Server Image
Machine instance
Web Machine
server Image
Machine instance
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Most applications consist of several machines -- web, app, and database, for example. Each
is created from an image, and some, like databases, may use other services from the cloud to
store and retrieve data from a disk
87. DB
Storage server
Machine instance
Bigger
App
machine
instance
Server
Machine instance
Web
server
Machine instance
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
If you run out of capacity, you can upgrade to a bigger machine (which is called “scaling
vertically.”)
88. DB
Storage
server
Machine instance
App
Server
Machine instance
Web
server
Machine instance
Load
balancer
Machine instance
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Or you can create several machines at each tier, and use a load balancer to share traffic
between them. These kinds of scalable, redundant architectures are common -- nay,
recommended -- in a cloud computing world where everything is uncertain.
89. Platform as a Service
Google App Engine, Salesforce Force.com,
Rackspace Cloud Sites, Joyent Smart Platform,
(and nearly every enterprise mainframe.)
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
The second kind of cloud is called Platform as a Service. In this model, you don’t think about
the individual machines—instead, you just copy your code to a cloud, and run it. You never
see the machines. In a PaaS cloud, things are very different.
90. Shared components
Data Processing platform
Storage
API
Others’ Others’
code code
User Auth
database API
Your Others’
code code
Image Image
functions API Others’ Others’
code code
...
Big Blob Governor Console Schedule
objects API
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
- You write your code; often it needs some customization.
- That code runs on a share processing platform
- Along with other people’s code
- The code calls certain functions to do things like authenticate a user, handle a payment,
store an object, or move something to a CDN
- To keep everything running smoothly (and bill you) the platform has a scheduler (figuring
out what to do next) and a governor (ensuring one program doesn’t use up all the resources)
as well as a console.
96. http://www.flickr.com/photos/olitaillon/3354855989/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
This is a very different model from IaaS. On the one hand, it’s more liberating, because you
don’t have to worry about managing the machines. On the other hand, it’s more restrictive,
because you can only do what the PaaS lets you.
97. IaaS and PaaS differences
IaaS PaaS
Any operating system you Use only selected
want languages and built-in APIs
Limited by capacity of Limited by governors to
virtual machine avoid overloading
Scale by adding more Scaling is automatic
machines
Use built-in storage
Many storage options (file (Bigtable, etc.)
system, object, key-value)
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
In the case of Google’s App Engine, you have to use their functions and store things in the
way they want you to. You get great performance from doing so, but it probably means
rewriting your code a bit.
98. Quota Limit
Governor Apps per developer 10
(usage cap) Time per request 30s
Blobstore (total file size) 1GB
Maximum HTTP response size 10MB
Datastore item size 1MB
Application code size 150MB
Daily cap Emails per day 1,500
(free quota) Bandwidth in per day 1 GB
Bandwidth out per day 1GB
CPU time per day 6.5h
HTTP requests per day 1,300,000
Datastore API calls per day 10,000,000
URLFetch API calls per day 657,084
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Engine
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
PaaS platforms impose usage caps and billing tiers. Here’s Google App Engine’s set of quotas
and free caps.
100. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
The third kind of cloud is called Software as a Service, or SaaS. Some people argue that this
isn’t a cloud at all, just a new way of delivering software. But it’s also what the masses—the
non-technologists—think cloud computing means.
101. My mom’s definition
Cloud = Web = Internet = Useless
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
(Personally, I think this makes the term “cloud” synonymous with “web” or “Internet”, and
therefore a bit useless.)
102. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
SaaS and PaaS are blurring, too, with the advent of scripting languages. Nobody would argue
that Google Apps is a SaaS offering; but now that you can write code for it -- as in this
example of a script that sends custom driving directions to everyone in a spreadsheet -- the
distinction is less and less clear.
103. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
But the business model of SaaS is the same as PaaS and IaaS: Sell IT on demand, rather than
as software or machines.
104. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
It’s the form of cloud computing that gets the most lip service in areas like government,
particularly with Google Apps.
105. Part six:
It’s all a blend, really.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
106. Service What it does
Elastic Compute Cloud Virtual machines, by the hour
Elastic Mapreduce Massively parallel data processing
Virtual Private Cloud On demand machines within internal IT
Elastic Load Balancing Traffic distribution
Cloudfront Content delivery acceleration
Flexible Payments Service Funds transfer & payments
SimpleDB Realtime structured data queries
Simple Storage Service Eleven nines redundant storage
Relational Database Service On-demand RDBMS
Elastic Block Store Block-level storage (file system)
Fulfillment Web Service Merchant delivery system
Simple Queue Service On-demand message bus
Simple Notification Service System for sending mass notifications
Cloudwatch Monitoring of cloud resources
Mechanical turk Humans as an API
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
This division between PaaS and IaaS is a bit of a fiction. In fact, virtual machines are just one
of around twenty “cloud services” Amazon offers – called EC2.
107. Service What it does
App Engine Executing Python or Java code
Bigtable datastore Store data for very fast retrieval
Calendar Data API Create and modify events
Inbox feed API Read a GMail inbox
Contact data API Interact with someone’s GMail contacts
Documents list API Manage a user’s Google Docs
OpenID single signon Use Google authentication to sign in
Secure data connector Link Google Apps to enterprise apps
Memcache Fast front-end for data
Image manipulation Resize, rotate, crop & flip images
Task queue Queue and dispatch tasks to code
Blobstore Serve large objects to visitors
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
The same is true of App Engine - though these are functions called from code, rather than
services you pay for separately, they’re still more than just the code.
108. Clouds
aren’t
just
virtual
machines.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
This is a really important concept: Clouds aren’t just virtual machines. Clouds are on-demand
computing services.
110. Query language
Let’s just call
this a database,
Software ‘mmkay?
Operating system
Computer hardware
Storage media
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
When IT architects want to build something, they have a set of proven designs for doing so. A
database is an example of this—it’s a combination of storage (disk) and a particular way of
arranging things (tables and indexes) and language (structured query language, or SQL).
We’ve learned that a database is a good prefab building block, so we use it. The alternative is
to build it all, from scratch, writing to the disk itself.
111. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
There are other examples of “composed designs” in IT, many of them made from several
components. For instance, consider the “message bus.” This is a thing you put messages
into, and anyone who wants them can grab a copy of the message. Stock exchanges use
publish-and-subscribe message busses to move data around.
112. http://couchdb.apache.org/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
A third example is called a key-value data store. In this case, I put in a key (say, ”username”)
and a value (say, “Palin”). Then it’s stored for me. It’s much less fancy than a database, but
also much faster and more scalable, and can be backed up more easily so it’s more reliable.
113. http://www.flickr.com/photos/jackol/133765382/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
When architects want to build an application today, they don’t do so by building everything
from scratch. Today’s applications are built on the shoulders of giants—message busses,
data stores, authentication systems, payment tools, content delivery networks, and so on.
114. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
As a result, cloud providers offer a variety of these services. Rackspace has a storage product
called Jungledisk; Amazon has S3. The machines that Rackspace or Amazon offer “chew” on
data from these storage services.
116. Private Public
nt t o SaaS
a
w d s,
o u lo u
y c
If l k
PaaS
rs t.PaaS
t a ne f i
i ck o
IaaS p IaaS
Managed
Virtualization
hosting
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
So let’s put this in perspective: There are public and private cloud models. Private ones are
about the technology; public ones are about the business of outsourcing at scale.
And there are Infrastructure, Platform, and Software offerings—IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
If someone wants to have a conversation with me about clouds, they need to pick a tier, and
a private or public model. Then we can compare facts.
117. Private Public
SaaS
Lock-in concerns
Long-term
PaaS cost Security fears
inefficiencies
High cost of maintaining &
scaling machines
IaaS
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Just knowing these two dimensions makes you smarter than nearly everyone in IT right now.
And when you’re discussing IT, insist that others are specific about what they mean.
Discussions around privacy and security are vital to public clouds, but most people don’t
consider security different in private clouds. Similarly, lock-in is a real concern in PaaS but
negligible in IaaS.
118. Part seven:
The ecosystem
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
119. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Lots of people want to move into this space. Some are e-commerce giants (like Amazon) who
know how to run many machines well.
120. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Some are software companies with legions of developers (like Microsoft) who want to move
from software licenses to recurring revenues.
121. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Some are managed hosting companies (like Rackspace, Terremark, and Gogrid) who want to
sell computing by the hour instead of by the month, and want to have more standardized
offerings.
122. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Some are giant service companies (like Google) who want people to create millions of
applications and keep people using the Web.
123. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Some are big systems integrators (like IBM) who want to design and run IT for enterprises.
124. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Some are hardware vendors (like Dell) who want to stay in the computing business as it
shifts.
125. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Some are telecom providers (like AT&T and Verizon) who want to do more than move packets
around, and want to make the best use of their existing data centers.
126. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Some are even government organizations aiming to build infrastructure for the use of the
government itself
132. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
For some applications, particularly those that are bursty or seasonal, the economics are
overwhelmingly in its favor.
133. '#!/)01#$!"2#34+,#$'
<;
@<
@;
!"##"$%&'()$*+'*&'((%&+
?<
?;
><
>;
=<
=;
<
;
>@ABA >DABA >CABA ?;ABA =ACA ?ACA <ACA DACA CACA ==ACA =?ACA =<ACA =DACA
>;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C >;;C
Connect times to Amazon Cloudfront from NYC
5%''%,!6%%,($7!0$48#,!9%''%,!,#3'($7:
Cloud Encounters, Peter van Eijk, digitalinfrastructures.nl
Wednesday, May 26, 2010 !
Cloud providers keep making their stuff better. Amazon introduced roughly 40 new features
last year; and in a single month they upgraded their network in New York twice.
135. Expense
reports
can
no
longer
enforce
IT
policy.
Wiley
GAAP
2010:
Interpreta3on
and
Applica3on
of
Generally
Accepted
Accoun3ng
Principles
(By
Barry
J.
Epstein,
Ralph
Nach,
Steven
M.
Bragg)
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
They also remove the false sense of security that came from expense limits.
136. Airfare
DNS
Cloud
Public
transit
Important
research
Hotel
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
These
days,
supercompu-ng
is
easier
(and
cheaper)
than
booking
a
flight.
137. We stop worrying about ROI when I is zero.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Because there’s no investment, the concept of an ROI doesn’t really make sense.
138. http://www.flickr.com/photos/avlxyz/389030408/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Even if you’re only going to run a private cloud, you’re dealing with expectations set by the
public Internet. Consider an ATM – once, we didn’t mind taking all of lunch to get money out;
today, we worry when the bank machine fails to give us our money back in 10 minutes.
That’s a bad thing for organizations that don’t handle IT automatically; humans simply can’t
move that fast. Efficiency isn’t about how fast you do things; it’s about how many things you
don’t have to do because they’re automated.
140. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
The best thing to do is offer people an alternative. Set up self-service computing internally
and see what happens.
141. Single
Storage
sign on
Image
processing
Mailing
service Virtual
machine
Key/value
Virtual store
load balancer
Parallel
framework
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
It also means surrounding them with composed services like storage and message queues.
Fortunately, there is a wide variety of offerings to help with this. Hadoop, Cassandra,
CouchDB, Hypertable and others are all tools that handle storage, scaling, and parallel tasks,
and that you can deploy internally for your users.
142. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
It also means setting up platforms (such as a web server that can handle PHP code, or a
Drupal platform for creating social sites, or a Status.net instance for microblogging,
144. Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Finally, it means working with SaaS providers when appropriate, but integrating their
applications with your internal data and processes
147. Data centers Contracts Developers
<script>
Hello, world!
</script>
Mashup,
Bare Virtualization Public/private
IaaS PaaS RESTful
metal hybrid models
services
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Different applications live in different places in this new world.
149. http://www.flickr.com/photos/quinnanya/4569703917/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
First, you need to assess your existing applications. Make a list of everything you’ve got, or
plan to have. You should also baseline usage, performance, and other “before” metrics so you
can compare them to the results of your efforts after you’ve moved.
152. http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharif/2423144088/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Others, like web front-ends or parallel data processing tasks like analytics, that can be split
up, work really well in clouds.
153. Some things
aren’t worth moving.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
At the same time, some applications won’t benefit much from a cloud model. Something that
runs constantly may be more affordable to run in-house.
154. http://www.flickr.com/photos/aprilzosia/3002232587/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Other applications may have a massive budget savings when they move to the cloud.
Something that happens once a year but needs tremendous computing for the three days it
runs is a candidate for clouds. So, too, is something that users are constantly requesting, and
that your IT team spends a lot of time managing. Automate it!
155. Compute task
(service cloud)
Virtual machine
(infrastructure cloud)
Always on Can be done Always in
premise anywhere cloud
Load/pricing engine
Private
Partner access
Compliance- Testing
enforced Proximity to cloud
Training services (storage,
Policy engine
Need to track and
Prototyping CDN, etc.)
audit
Batch processing Massively grid/
Legislative
Seasonal load parallel (genomic,
Data near local modelling)
computation
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Going forward, we’ll see hybrid on-premise/on demand hybrid clouds that can intelligently
move processing tasks between private an public infrastructure according to performance
requirements, pricing policies, and security restrictions.
156. http://www.flickr.com/photos/rberteig/1451038457/
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Third step: You have to migrate things to the new environments. This means moving stuff
around—hopefully the high-payoff, easy-to-move stuff first. There’s no magic here: you’ll
need to make your applications portable, which means virtualizing them; and you may need
to modify some code.
157. http://www.flickr.com/photos/astro-dudes/2424283150/
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Step four is to optimize things. In their new homes, some applications won’t perform as well.
You’ll need to compare how they’re doing now to how they were doing before, and tweak
things to ensure equivalent performance, uptime, security, and scalability.
167. Part nine:
Conclusions.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
168. Massive disruption on the
horizon
Clouds are extremely disruptive to the way IT
works
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169. Virtualization let the genie
out of the bottle
Clouds arose from virtualization, which made
application workloads portable
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170. Clouds start with separation
Separation is key
Determines economics, lock-in, responsibility, risk
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One of the fundamentals of a cloud is the separation of the provider from the user at some
layer in the stack
Where that separation happens determines economics, responsibilities, risk, and lock-in
171. Business vs. technology
Know the difference
Clouds-as-tech: Virtualized, automated
Clouds-as-business: 3rd party, shared
Force others to be clear
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172. Two main divisions
IaaS/PaaS/SaaS
Public/Private
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173. One size does not fit all
Ultimately, the blend of these different models
will vary from organization to organization
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174. Five steps to cloud migration
Assess Balance Migrate Optimize Operate
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175. Ecosystem is in flux
The ecosystem is competitive and confusing
right now, with few standards and a lot of noise
Wednesday, May 26, 2010