"The Web Is Broken" by Bipin Upadhyay

The Web Is Broken
Why every feature is, in fact, a loophole!

The first matrix I designed was quite
naturally, perfect. It was a work of art.
Flawless. Sublime. A triumph only equaled by
its monumental failure.
Bipin Upadhyay http://projectbee.org

RoadMap
• Introduction
• Attacks
• The Arsenal
• Breaking the Web
• Preventing the Breakage


RoadMap…
• Introduction
• Attacks
• The Arsenal
• Breaking the Web
• Preventing the Breakage


Who Am I?
• I am SpiderMan

• Apart from that, I:
– am a part of ADMS
– work on WebAppSec
– am co-author of a yet to be released book

• I can be pinged @:
– http://blog.projectbee.org
– Om-[AT]-PROJectBee-[DOT]-org


Web 1.0 versus Web 2.0


Technologies Involved


Fundamentals

ntals,
ndame
Fu
he same
re, still t
ss or mo
le


Fundamentals…

User User

Firewall / IDS

Web server
(Server side scripts like
PHP, ASP, JSP etc.)

Database Database


Network Sec. versus Web Sec.

Ports
0

80

443
Attacker Web Server

65535
Firewall/IDS/IPS


Network Sec. versus Web Sec…

Ports
0

Victim

Malicious OR
Compromised 65535
Web Server
Firewall/NATed IP


How serious is the matter!
• 90% of web applications have serious
vulnerabilities –Gartner Group

• 78% of attacks are at the web application
level –Symantec

• XSS and SQLI replacing buffer overflows as
the favourite hacker initiative –Mitre

• Every 8-9/10 sites vulnerable to XSS –WASC


How serious is the matter!...


What’s @ Stake
• Money
• Data
• Reputation
• Faith/Trust
• and…


What’s @ Stake…
•…


It’s a Mythical World out there…
• Myths often prevail rationality.
• Myths often are the cause of devastation.


Myth Buster
• Myth:
– My developers have implemented security

• Reality:
– Security ain’t no feature dude! It’s a metrics.


Myth Buster…
• Myth:
– Security is a non-functional requirement

• Reality:
– By definition, Yes!


Myth Buster…
• Myth:
– We use blah-blah framework. We’re safe

• Reality:
– Frameworks are encouraged. Human brain isn’t.


Myth Buster…
• Myth:
– Java is secure by design

• Reality:
– May be! But web isn’t… nor is human brain.


Myth Buster…
• Myth:
– SSL is secure from sniffing

• Reality:
– Far from it. It’s difficult for sure, though


Myth Buster…
• Myth:
– Procedures means no SQL Injection

• Reality:
– Not always.


Myth Buster…
• Myth:
– I use firewall. I am safe.

• Reality:
– So what? Your browser ports are open.


Myth Buster…
• Myth:
– I use latest antivirus and my system is patched.

• Reality:
– Big Deal!!!


Myth Buster…
• Myth:
– I browse net from inside a LAN.

• Reality:
– Urghhh! Browser dude, browser!


Myth Buster…
• Myth:
– Human stupidity is infinite

• Reality:
– There you go! ☺


Injection Attacks
• A form of attack where the user input
manipulates the underlying platform in an
undesired way.

• Several variants:-
– SQL Injection
– Command Injection
– LDAP Injection
– XPATH Injection
– XML Injection
– JSON Injection

SQL Injections


XSS
• OWASP Top - 10 2007 #1

• Any type of user input that is reflected back to
the user without being purified.

• Input can be HTML, CSS, or Javascript

• Two kinds --Persistent & Non-Persistent XSS


XSS…
• XSS attacks include, but not limited to:
– Cookie Theft & Session Hijacking
– Site Defacement & Phishing
– Key logging
– History Theft
– Port Scanning
– CSRF & Web Worms
– DoS-ing
– … limited only by imagination


CSRF
• Also called Unauthorized Requests.

• The server is punished/exploited for trusting
the user.

• CSRF is, arguably, more dangerous than XSS.

• Doesn’t necessarily require javascript.

• OWASP Top - 10 2007 #5, (also called the
Sleeping Giant)

Cookie Poisoning
• Cookies sometimes store confidential data

• This information can be manipulated for fun
and profit.
e.g., price of a product on an ecommerce site


HTTP Response Splitting
• Attacker splits Http Response into two.

• Watch out for redirection scripts using user
input in response headers

• CR-LF (0x0d & 0x0a) is the key to response
splitting

• Web/browser cache poisoning, XSS etc.
attacks possible


Google Hacking
• Search engines index all permissible
documents inside the web tree

• These data can be recovered using special
queries:
– site:<sitename>
– inurl:<string>
– intitle:<string>
– filetype:<string>


Scary Cracks
• Credit Cards & Google

• Google.com UTF-7 XSS Vulnerability

• Yamanner

• “Samy is my Hero” OR Samy Worm

• Bank Of India Hack

• GMail CSRF Vulnerability

The Arsenal
• A Web browser
• Textbox/Textarea
• Iframe
• TamperData/TamperIE
• WebScarab
• Fuzzer (Crowbar)
• Google


Google Hacking
• Search engines index anything and everything
• Demo


Exploiting Mistakes
• Client side validation isn’t enough
• Demo

• “Clues in Codes/Comments”
• Demo

• Insecure implementation of “Forgot
Password” feature
• Demo


Exploiting Mistakes…
• Too verbose error messages
• Demo

• Cookie Isn’t for sensitive data
• Demo

• Brute forcing Session id
• Demo


Exploiting Zero Days
• URI Vulnerabilities
• Demo


Injection Attacks
• SQL Injections
• Demo

• Command Injection
• Demo

• XPATH Injection
• Demo


XSS Family
• XSS (Cross Site Scripting)
• Demo

• XSS and encoding mistakes
• Demo

• CSRF, the sleeping Giant
• Demo


Http Response Splitting
• Why user is evil?
• Demo


SDLC
• Integrate security into SDLC

Design

Coding

Testing

Deployment


Design Phase
• Stick to standards

• Encourage usage of well-proven frameworks

• Prefer Whitelisting over Blacklisting

• Prefer Onion Model over Garlic Model


Coding Phase
• Do NOT trust the user.

• Do NOT rely on Client side validation.

• Prefer HttpOnly Cookie to avoid cookie theft

• Use nonces to prevent CSRF

• Don’t just hash passwords, salt them too

• Avoid too verbose/meaningful error messages

Coding Phase…
• Proper encoding can avoid most problems

• Input Encoding
– prefer UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1
– refer http://ha.ckers.org/charsets.html

• Output Encoding
– avoid rich html input from user
– decimal encode input before displaying
– refer OWASP_Encoding_Project


Coding Phase…
• Sanitize anything
that comes from the
user.


Coding Phase…
• Filter Metacharacters:
• < %3c > %3e
• | %7c ‘ %60
• & %26 ( %28
• %od %0a ..
• / %2f %5c

• RegEx are your friend

• Use Stored Procedures

• Prefer usage of bind variables in SQL statement


Testing Phase
• Code Auditing:
– OWASP – LAPSE plugin (Java)
– SPI Dynamics’ DevInspect (Java & .NET), etc.

• Web Application Scanners
– w3af
– Watchfire AppScan
– SPI Dynamics’ WebInspect, etc.

• No substitute for an experienced human eye

Deployment Phase
• Keep out of the Web Tree; use robots.txt

• Set minimal permissions

• Keep the system patched & patched

• Use Web Application Firewall
– urlScan
– ModSecurity
– SecureIIS, etc.
…but, most importantly

Education
pers.
d e v el o
r
ate you
Educ


Final Words
• www was designed for information exchange

• Today, too much is at stake

• Ignorance, no longer a bliss

• Take responsibility and…


Final Words…

…be prepared.
“Do you know what HTML 5.0 and XHTML2.0 has in store
for us? You don't even want to know…”
–Ronald van den Heetkamp


…and Finally,
String.fromCharCode(84,104,97,110,107,32,89,1
11,117,33)

i.e., Thank You! ☺


Acknowledgements
• Lalit Patel (http://lalit.org) & Lucky (http://reboot.in)
• http://flickr.com
• http://flickr.com/photos/jeanetteb1/1400824517
• http://flickr.com/photos/jbhalper/334521840
• http://flickr.com/photos/hondawang/566041603
• http://flickr.com/photos/14018070@N08/1438910620
• http://flickr.com/photos/44368636@N00/76684587
• http://www.cyberpunkreview.com/images/matrixreloaded63.jpg
• www.flickr.com/photos/johnengler/211482969
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/lamkevin/458083458
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/beavis/459281241
• http://flickr.com/photos/briansolis/326278887
• http://www.flickr.com/photos/focus2capture/297232107
• http://flickr.com/photos/complexify/97303317
• http://flickr.com/photos/amyking/142161588
• http://xkcd.com/327/


References
• http://search.yahoo.com (To be safer)
• http://0x000000.com
• http://ha.ckers.org
• http://sla.ckers.org
• http://gnucitizen.com
• XSS Attacks (Syngress Publications)
• PenTesting for Web Applications (Wrox)
• Hacking Exposed (Tata McGraw Hill)
• 19 Deadly Sins of Sotware Security (Tata McGraw Hill)
• OWASP & WASC
• David Kierznowski, Amit Klien, Jeremiah Grossman, Gareth Hayes,
Andres Riancho, Ronald, RSnake, pdp, Billy Rios, Nate, Thor,….

……………………………. a lot many


Got Questions???

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"The Web Is Broken" by Bipin Upadhyay

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