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Chapter 13 Endocrine System PowerPoint Presentation to accompany  Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology,  10 th  edition ,  edited   by S.C. Wache for Biol2064.01
You are responsible for the  following figures and topics:   Fig. 13.3 - Location of major endocrine glands. Fig. 13.9, 13.12, 13.13 – hypothalamus; pituitary gland. Fig. 13.4 - What are hormones ?  Fig. 13.5, 13.7 - chemical structure predicts their mechanism of action. Fig. 13.11 - function of hormones is to keep balance / homeostasis. Read TB, p. 477. [see also: Fig. 13.16] Fig. 13.15 - Stimulation of anterior pituitary hormones by the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus.  Read TB, p. 485, on thyroid gland. Fig. 13.18 - describe the location of the thyroid gland. Fig. 13.20 - describe 2 of the three thyroid hormones, T3 and T4.  Tab. 13.7 - all 3 thyroid hormones: T3, T4, Calcitonin. Fig. 13.27 - PTH-parathyroid hormone  Refer back to Ch.7 where we discussed osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Fig. 13.24 - Describe the structure, location and number of parathyroid glands.  Figs. 13.21, 13.22, 13.23 - Define ' cretinism', 'hyperthyroidism' , 'goiter'  Fig. 13.28 - Adrenal gland.  Tab. 13.11 - Name the hormones and their function !!! Fig. 13.30 - Hormones released by the adrenal medulla. TB, p.492. Fig. 13.31 - Control of aldosterone, a mineralo-corticoid. Fig. 13.33 - Control of cortisol, a gluco-corticoid. Read TB, p.496, on the pancreas. Fig. 13.34 - Describe the location of the pancreas. Tab. 13.12 - Describe the function of glucagon.  Clinical Application 13.4 - IDDM  Read TB, p.498, pineal gland.  TB, p.500 - other hormones of interest.
Hormones and Endocrine Secretion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Fig. 13.4a
[object Object],Fig. 13.4b or noradrenaline
Fig. 13.4c
Fig. 13.4d Note the di-sulfide bridge
[object Object],[object Object],Fig. 13.4e
Prostaglandins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hormone Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steroid Hormones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 13.5
Nonsteroid Hormones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 13.6
Second Messengers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Second Messengers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 13.7
Control of Hormone Secretion: Fig. 13.9 Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Anterior Pituitary: Growth Hormone (GH) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Prolactin (PRL) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thyroid-Stimulating  Hormone (TSH) = Thyrotropin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Luteinizing Hormone (LH) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Posterior Pituitary:  Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Oxytocin (OT) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 13.15 GH Note : The pancreas is controlled differently.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig. 13.18 C-rings
[object Object],[object Object],Fig.13.20
Thyroxine (T4); Triiodothyronine (T3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Calcitonin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Note:  The trachea are anterior to the esophagus !!! Fig.13.24
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Parathyroid Gland
Fig.13.26 Stimulated  by PTH
Fig. 13.27
Adrenal Gland Kidney The adrenal gland cortex secretes the corticoids by endocrine  secretion:  mineralocorticoids (aldosterone),  glucocorticoids (cortisol), and  steroidal corticoids (testosterone/estrogen precursors). The medulla secretes:  catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine). The kidney secretes:  renin and erythropoetin.
Adrenal Gland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 13.30
Mineralocorticoid form the zona glomerulosa:  Aldosterone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glucocorticoid from the zona fasciculata :  Cortisol ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig.13.33
Steroidal corticoids from the zona reticularis:  Sex Hormones ,[object Object],[object Object],All sex hormones have the basic 4D ring structure common to steroids.
Pancreas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 13.34
Pineal Gland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thymus Gland ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reproductive Glands ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Other Hormone-Producing Organs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Response to Stress ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tab. 13.13
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
C.   Parathyroid Hormone  Imbalances:   Table 13.9, p.490. D. Growth Hormone  Imbalances : Clinical Application 13.2, p.482. 1. Pituitary   Dwarfism  = hyposecretion of GH during growth years. a.  slow bone growth & closing of epiphyseal plates before normal height is reached; b. Treatment = oral GH therapy. 2.   Pituitary   giantism  = hypersecretion of GH during growth years. a. abnormal increase in the length of long bones. 3. Acromegaly  = hypersecretion of GH during adulthood. a. Bones of hands, feet, cheeks, and jaw thicken; b. Soft tissues also grow. E.   ADH Imbalances: Green box, p.484. 1.  Diabetes insipidus  = hyposecretion of ADH. a. diuresis, dehydration, thirst; b. Treatment: ADH in nasal spray.
F.   Adrenal Cortical Hormone  Imbalances:  C linical Application 13.3,p 496. 1.  Addison's Disease  = hyposecretion of AC hormones due to autoimmunity  or disease  Symptoms: mental lethargy, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss,  hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, K+, Na+, BP, dehydration, arrhythmias,  cardiac arrest, skin pigmentation.  2. Cushing's Syndrome =  hypersecretion of AC hormones due to pituitary tumor or steroid administration. Symptoms:  redistribution of fat, thin limbs due to wasting of muscles (i.e. protein catabolism), "moon face", "buffalo hump", "beer belly", stretch marks, bruises, poor wound healing, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, hypertension,  susceptibility to infection, resistance to stress, mood swings. Usual cause:  administration of steroids (i.e. prednisone) for transplant patients, asthma, and chronic inflammatory disorders. G.   Pineal  Gland/ Melatonin  Imbalances:  TB, p. 498.

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The Endocrine System - Chapter 13

  • 1. Chapter 13 Endocrine System PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10 th edition , edited by S.C. Wache for Biol2064.01
  • 2. You are responsible for the following figures and topics: Fig. 13.3 - Location of major endocrine glands. Fig. 13.9, 13.12, 13.13 – hypothalamus; pituitary gland. Fig. 13.4 - What are hormones ? Fig. 13.5, 13.7 - chemical structure predicts their mechanism of action. Fig. 13.11 - function of hormones is to keep balance / homeostasis. Read TB, p. 477. [see also: Fig. 13.16] Fig. 13.15 - Stimulation of anterior pituitary hormones by the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus. Read TB, p. 485, on thyroid gland. Fig. 13.18 - describe the location of the thyroid gland. Fig. 13.20 - describe 2 of the three thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. Tab. 13.7 - all 3 thyroid hormones: T3, T4, Calcitonin. Fig. 13.27 - PTH-parathyroid hormone Refer back to Ch.7 where we discussed osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Fig. 13.24 - Describe the structure, location and number of parathyroid glands. Figs. 13.21, 13.22, 13.23 - Define ' cretinism', 'hyperthyroidism' , 'goiter' Fig. 13.28 - Adrenal gland. Tab. 13.11 - Name the hormones and their function !!! Fig. 13.30 - Hormones released by the adrenal medulla. TB, p.492. Fig. 13.31 - Control of aldosterone, a mineralo-corticoid. Fig. 13.33 - Control of cortisol, a gluco-corticoid. Read TB, p.496, on the pancreas. Fig. 13.34 - Describe the location of the pancreas. Tab. 13.12 - Describe the function of glucagon. Clinical Application 13.4 - IDDM Read TB, p.498, pineal gland. TB, p.500 - other hormones of interest.
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  • 7. Fig. 13.4d Note the di-sulfide bridge
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  • 18. Control of Hormone Secretion: Fig. 13.9 Hypothalamus
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  • 25. Fig. 13.15 GH Note : The pancreas is controlled differently.
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  • 29. Note: The trachea are anterior to the esophagus !!! Fig.13.24
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  • 33. Adrenal Gland Kidney The adrenal gland cortex secretes the corticoids by endocrine secretion: mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), and steroidal corticoids (testosterone/estrogen precursors). The medulla secretes: catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine). The kidney secretes: renin and erythropoetin.
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  • 48. C. Parathyroid Hormone Imbalances: Table 13.9, p.490. D. Growth Hormone Imbalances : Clinical Application 13.2, p.482. 1. Pituitary Dwarfism = hyposecretion of GH during growth years. a. slow bone growth & closing of epiphyseal plates before normal height is reached; b. Treatment = oral GH therapy. 2. Pituitary giantism = hypersecretion of GH during growth years. a. abnormal increase in the length of long bones. 3. Acromegaly = hypersecretion of GH during adulthood. a. Bones of hands, feet, cheeks, and jaw thicken; b. Soft tissues also grow. E. ADH Imbalances: Green box, p.484. 1. Diabetes insipidus = hyposecretion of ADH. a. diuresis, dehydration, thirst; b. Treatment: ADH in nasal spray.
  • 49. F. Adrenal Cortical Hormone Imbalances: C linical Application 13.3,p 496. 1. Addison's Disease = hyposecretion of AC hormones due to autoimmunity or disease Symptoms: mental lethargy, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, K+, Na+, BP, dehydration, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, skin pigmentation. 2. Cushing's Syndrome = hypersecretion of AC hormones due to pituitary tumor or steroid administration. Symptoms: redistribution of fat, thin limbs due to wasting of muscles (i.e. protein catabolism), "moon face", "buffalo hump", "beer belly", stretch marks, bruises, poor wound healing, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, hypertension, susceptibility to infection, resistance to stress, mood swings. Usual cause: administration of steroids (i.e. prednisone) for transplant patients, asthma, and chronic inflammatory disorders. G. Pineal Gland/ Melatonin Imbalances: TB, p. 498.