T M 12 E T I K A M E D I S (1)
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T M 12 E T I K A M E D I S (1)
- 1. Part IV : Ethical Issues in Biomedical Science
- 2. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 3. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 4. Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
- 5. Keywords: assisted reproduction; embryo; embryo research; ethics; fetus/foetus; fertilisation; fertility; gamete; in vitro; zygote Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 6. Most humans have a strong drive to reproduce. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 7. For couples who cannot have children, infertility is often a tragic emotional burden. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 8. Whether it is everyone's right to reproduce is matter of debate. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 9. Nevertheless, there are several routes for overcoming sub-fertility, depending on the cause. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 10. Sperm donation (with its attendant ethical problems relating to confidentiality and genetic identity) has been available for many years to overcome male sub- or infertility. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 11. In the 1970s, in vitro fertilisation was developed. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 12. Eggs and sperm, usually from the prospective parents, are mixed together in the lab and if fertilisation is successful, the embryo is placed into the woman's uterus or sometimes into the uterus of a surrogate mother. veloped. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 13. In the UK, these procedures are regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 14. Ethical issues include the status of the early human embryo, the creation of ‘spare’ embryos, the possibility of sex and genetic selection and the commodification of pregnancy and childbirth. Chapter 12 Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies
- 15. Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
- 16. Keywords: anonymisation; confidentiality; discrimination; employers; ethics; family; human rights; insurers; responsibility; privacy Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
- 17. Recent developments in human genetic research have raised new, possibly unique issues. Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
- 18. Firstly, genetic data must remain confidential but also accessible, with permission, to researchers. Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
- 19. Total anonymisation of samples is not helpful because it means that useful findings can never be imparted to the person concerned; coding of samples is preferable. Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
- 20. Secondly, there is the matter of access by third parties. Both UNESCO and HUGO emphasise a person's rights to protection of confidential information from unauthorised access. Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
- 21. In several countries, employers and insurers cannot coerce people to reveal genetic information but in others the situation is less clear, raising the possibility of discrimination. Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
- 22. Finally there is the tension between the right of an individual to confidentiality and the needs of other family members to know about conditions that may affect them. Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
- 23. Although no-one is obliged to share such data, it is argued that affected individuals have a responsibility to do so. Chapter 13 Genetic Information: Use and Abuse
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Keywords: assisted reproduction; embryo; embryo research; ethics; fetus/foetus; fertilisation; fertility; gamete; in vitro; zygote Summary Most humans have a strong drive to reproduce. For couples who cannot have children, infertility is often a tragic emotional burden. Whether it is everyone's right to reproduce is matter of debate. Nevertheless, there are several routes for overcoming sub-fertility, depending on the cause. Sperm donation (with its attendant ethical problems relating to confidentiality and genetic identity) has been available for many years to overcome male sub- or infertility. In the 1970s, in vitro fertilisation was developed. Eggs and sperm, usually from the prospective parents, are mixed together in the lab and if fertilisation is successful, the embryo is placed into the woman's uterus or sometimes into the uterus of a surrogate mother. In the UK, these procedures are regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. Ethical issues include the status of the early human embryo, the creation of ‘spare’ embryos, the possibility of sex and genetic selection and the commodification of pregnancy and childbirth.
- Keywords: anonymisation; confidentiality; discrimination; employers; ethics; family; human rights; insurers; responsibility; privacy Summary Recent developments in human genetic research have raised new, possibly unique issues. Firstly, genetic data must remain confidential but also accessible, with permission, to researchers. Total anonymisation of samples is not helpful because it means that useful findings can never be imparted to the person concerned; coding of samples is preferable. Secondly, there is the matter of access by third parties. Both UNESCO and HUGO emphasise a person's rights to protection of confidential information from unauthorised access. In several countries, employers and insurers cannot coerce people to reveal genetic information but in others the situation is less clear, raising the possibility of discrimination. Finally there is the tension between the right of an individual to confidentiality and the needs of other family members to know about conditions that may affect them. Although no-one is obliged to share such data, it is argued that affected individuals have a responsibility to do so.
- Keywords: anonymisation; confidentiality; discrimination; employers; ethics; family; human rights; insurers; responsibility; privacy Summary Recent developments in human genetic research have raised new, possibly unique issues. Firstly, genetic data must remain confidential but also accessible, with permission, to researchers. Total anonymisation of samples is not helpful because it means that useful findings can never be imparted to the person concerned; coding of samples is preferable. Secondly, there is the matter of access by third parties. Both UNESCO and HUGO emphasise a person's rights to protection of confidential information from unauthorised access. In several countries, employers and insurers cannot coerce people to reveal genetic information but in others the situation is less clear, raising the possibility of discrimination. Finally there is the tension between the right of an individual to confidentiality and the needs of other family members to know about conditions that may affect them. Although no-one is obliged to share such data, it is argued that affected individuals have a responsibility to do so.