1. Chapter 1 Edited by Brenda Holmes MSN/Ed, RN South Arkansas Community College Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Twelfth Edition

14. Levels of Organization Subatomic particles Atom Molecule Macromolecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

15. Can you name the organ systems? Test your knowledge and name the organ system before proceeding. There are eleven (11). Levels of Organization

18. Organ Systems Nervous system Endocrine system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

19. Organ Systems Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

20. Organ Systems Digestive system Respiratory system Urinary system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

21. Organ Systems Male reproductive system Female reproductive system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

27. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Stimulus (Change occurs in internal environment.) Response (Change is corrected.) Receptors Effectors (muscles or glands) Control center (set point) (Change is compared to the set point.) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

28. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Receptors Thermoreceptors send signals to the control center. too high too low Normal body temperature 37°C (98.6°F) Control center The hypothalamus detects the deviation from the set point and signals effector organs. Control center The hypothalamus detects the deviation from the set point and signals effector organs. If body temperature continues to drop, control center signals muscles to contract Involuntarily. Stimulus Body temperature rises above normal. Effectors Skin blood vessels dilate and sweat glands secrete. Response Body heat is lost to surroundings, temperature drops toward normal. Receptors Thermoreceptors send signals to the control center. Effectors Skin blood vessels constrict and sweat glands remain inactive. Stimulus Body temperature drops below normal. Effectors Muscle activity generates body heat. Response Body heat is conserved, temperature rises toward normal. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

34. Thoracic Serous Membranes Vertebra Aorta Esophagus Right lung Visceral pleura Pleural cavity Parietal pleura Sternum Plane of section Spinal cord Mediastinum Left lung Rib Left ventricle of heart Visceral pericardium Pericardial cavity Parietal pericardium Anterior Azygos v. Right atrium of heart Right ventricle of heart Fibrous pericardium Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

35. Abdominal Serous Membranes V ertebra Right kidney Pancreas Large intestine Liver Gallbladder Duodenum Peritoneal cavity Parietal peritoneum Plane of section Left kidney Spinal cord Spleen Rib Small intestine Large intestine Stomach Anterior Visceral peritoneum Costal cartilage Aorta Inferior vena cava Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

36. 1.7: Lifespan Changes Aging occurs from the microscopic level to the whole-body level. Can you think of some examples?

37. 1.8: Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position – standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out Integumentary system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

40. Body Sections A section along a frontal plane A section along a transverse plane A section along the median plane Transverse (horizontal) plane Frontal (coronal) plane Parasagittal plane Median (midsagittal) plane Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. © McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Inc./Joe De Grandis, photographer

41. Body Sections (a) (b) (c) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a: © Patrick J. Lynch/Photo Researchers, Inc.; b: © Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc.; c: © A. Glauberman/Photo Researchers, Inc. Sagittal Plane Transverse Plane Frontal Plane

42. Other Body Sections (a) (b) (c) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cross Section Oblique Section Longitudinal Section

44. Body Regions Otic (ear) Cervical (neck) Acromial (point of shoulder) Mammary (breast) Brachial (arm) Antecubital (front of elbow) Antebrachial (forearm) Genital (reproductive organs) Cephalic (head) Orbital (eye cavity) Mental (chin) Sternal Pectoral (chest) Inguinal (groin) Coxal (hip) Umbilical (navel) Pedal (foot) Occipital (back of head) Acromial (point of shoulder) Brachial (arm) Dorsum (back) Cubital (elbow) Gluteal (buttocks) Perineal Femoral (thigh) Popliteal (back of knee) Plantar (sole) (a) (b) Patellar (front of knee) Vertebral (spinal column) Sacral (between hips) Lumbar (lower back) Abdominal (abdomen) Carpal (wrist) Palmar (palm) Digital (finger) Nasal (nose) Oral (mouth) Frontal (forehead) Buccal (cheek) T arsal (instep) Digital (toe) Axillary (armpit) Crural (leg) Sural (calf) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

45. Quiz 1 Complete Quiz 1 now! Read Chapter 2.