1. Black Power’s Antecedents
By Brian Hanshaft

2. A. Phillip Randolph
• March on Washington Movement
•
-Key factor towards the nonviolent and
direct-action struggle
• March was intended to “create faith on
Negroes in Negroes.”
• Randolph’s ultimate goal was an integrated
society

3. Malcom X
• Believed in the Black Revolution rather than
non-violence
• Dealing with inequality through non-violence
is “unmanly and dangerous”
• Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcom X believed
in two completely separate techniques to
eradicate inequality.

4. Robert F. Williams
• Advocated anti-violence protest
• Wanted to transition from self-defense to
armed revolution
• “Violence must be met with violence
• Emasculated men who refuse using self
defense

5. Contributions
• Malcom X made two trips to Africa
• Organization of African Unity (OAU )
• Organization of African American Unity
(OAAU)
• Changed his image which symbolized his new
secular movement from Elijah Muhammad
• Council on African Affairs
• Submitted a memorandum

6. Results
• “Malcom X Cites Role in UN Fight”
• Changed opinion of whites
• Killed on Febuary 21st, 1965