2. Osteoarthritis (OA)
local degenerative joint disorder
rt aging & wear and tear from repetitive stress
Patho
Proinflammatory Cytokines- TNF & IL1
Loss of articular cartilage
Wear of underlying bone
Formation of bone spurs
Weight-bearing joints often affected
4. Osteoarthritis S & S
osteophytes & irregular cartilage surface
cause
Localized joint pain
inc with wt bearing & activity
Crepitus
Bone spurs cause
Heberden’s nodes
Joint near nail
Bouchard’s nodes
Middle joint
5. Infectious (septic) Arthritis
Joint infection due to bacteria usually via
bloodstream
Lyme disease
deer tick-borne spirochete
produces red macule or papule, flulike S & S
S & S
RT localized infection (one joint) & systemic
inflammation
6. Autoimmunity
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Type III -Immune Complex
Cell-mediated tissue destruction of
connective tissues
Women
Cause multifactorial
genetics HLA-DR4
environment
hormones
8. RA Autoimmunity
S & S
Systemic
Anorexia
Fatigue
Weakness
Low grade fever
Rheumatoid Factors
(RF)
Antibody against
IgG & IgM
Local
Bilat small joints
Swollen
Stiff
Pain
Red
Warm
At least 3 joints > 6
weeks
9. RA Long term S & S
Deformity of joint
Skeletal muscle
atrophy
Joint fibrosis
Alt bone alignment
10. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis [JRA]
chronic inflammatory disease affecting
synovium – Acute onset
RF NOT present ANA present
3 subtypes JRA
1. Systemic onset- Stills disease
2. Polyarticular arthritis
localized to 5 or more joints
3. Pauciarticular arthritis
affecting 4 or fewer joints
Uveitis- iris inflamm
11. Adult-Onset Still Disease
Seronegative polyarthritis
Same S & S of JRA
High-spiking fever
Rash on trunk & extremities
Possible sore throat
Hand joints
Visceral involvement
13. Acute Gouty Arthritis
deposits of uric acid crystals & urate salts
(purine waste product) in tissue
Etiology
Dec excretion by kidneys
Genetic- lack of uricase
S & S
Elev uric acid
Joint warm, red, & tender
great toe MTP joint
Tophi (lg hard nodule) ~ 10 years later
Ears, eyes, cardiac & renal
15. Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Cause remains unknown
Primary Symptom
Widespread pain in all quadrants of body
18 specific trigger points for pain & tenderness
additional symptoms
Fatigue
Insomnia
Depression
Concentration problems
Hinweis der Redaktion
OA
Bony bumps on the finger joint closest to the fingernail are called Heberden's nodes. Bony bumps on the middle joint of the finger are known as Bouchard's nodes.