7. Rubella
Rubella (German measles) is in
the Togaviridae family..
Rubella is an illness transmitted
through direct or droplet contact
from nasopharyngeal secretions
characterized by rash, low-grade
fever, lymphadenopathy, and
Swollen glands
Coryza (cold like symptoms)
Aching joints (especially in young
women)
8. Mumps and rubella vaccine (German
measles) first available in 1967 and 1969.
Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine
combined in 1971
9. Disease
Immunized
Component
Vaccine
Virus Strain Propagation
Medium
Growth Medium
Measles attenuvax Enders
attenuated
Edmonston
strain chick
embryo
cell
culture
Medium 199((a buffered
salt solution containing
vitamins and amino acids
and supplemented with
fetal bovine serum)
containing SPGA
(sucrose, phosphate,
glutamate, and
recombinant human
albumin) as stabilizer and
neomycin.
Mumps Mumpsvax Jeryl Lynn (B
Level) strain
rubella Meruvax II Wistar RA 27/3
strain of live
attenuated
rubella virus
WI-38
human
diploid
lung
fibroblasts
MEM Minimum Essential
Medium (solution
containing buffered salts,
fetal bovine serum
human serum albumin
and neomycin, etc.)
16. The level of effectiveness of MMR
vaccine
• • 90-95% of people will be immune to
measles after the first dose
• • 90-95% of people will be immune to
mumps after the first dose
• • 97-99% of people will be immune to
rubella after the first dose.
17. • The MMR vaccine has been used for 30
years with an excellent safety record.
• Worldwide over 500 million doses of the
MMR vaccine have been given since the
mid-1970s.
• - The US has used over 200 million doses of
the MMR vaccine routinely, since the mid-
1970s.
• - The UK has given around 13 million doses
since its introduction in 1988.
18. Condition Children Affected After
The Natural Disease
Children
Affected After
The First Dose
Of MMR
Febrile convulsions
(temperature fits) 1 in 200 (measles) 1 in 1000
Meningitis/encephalitis
1 in 1000 (measles, mumps
encephalitis)
1 in 20 (mumps meningitis)
1 in 6000 (rubella encephalitis)
less than 1 in 1 000
000
Conditions affecting blood
clotting (ITP)
1 in 3000 (rubella)
1 in 6000 (measles) 1 in 22 000
Severe allergic response
(anaphylaxis)
- 1 in 100 000
SSPE (a delayed
complication of measles
that causes brain damage
and death)
1 in 8000 (children who get
measles under 2)
0
Death
1 in 2500 to 1 in 5000 (measles -
higher in children under 1)
1 – 2 in 1000 for notified cases of
measles
in recent years
0
19.
20. MMR Vaccine Side Effects
• Mild problems
– Fever
– Mild rash
– Swelling of glands in the cheeks or
neck
• ModerateProblems
– Seizure (Jerking or Staring) caused by
fever
– Temporary pain and stiffness in the
joints
• Severe Problems(VeryRare)
– Serious allergic reaction
– Deafness
– Long-term seizures, coma,
– Permanent brain damage
21. Treatment of CDC Side Effects
• You can treat the fever by keeping
the toddler cool and by offering lots to
drink to keep hydrated.
• Soak a washcloth in ice cold water
and pat the parts of the body where
the rash has covered.
23. Fewer visits to the medical centre will be required. (This is a major
benefit in those countries where most people find transportation difficult;
it could be a dis benefit to those health care personnel
who rely on the fees paid for vaccinating children to augment their
incomes.)
There would be an improvement in the degree of vaccine coverage
obtained which will have epidemiological benefits
lowering of the unit cost of the vaccine may be expected as there would
be decreases in the costs of separate vials, labels, packages, cold chain
storage, needles and syringes, the time of medical personnel and the
size of inventories.
ADVANTAGES OF MULTIVALENT VACCINE
