1. With
Mr. Luzadder
5th Grade
Plain Elementary
Simpsonville, South Carolina

2. • The student will demonstrate an understanding of the social, economic, and political events that influenced the United States
Standard 5-5 during the Cold War era.
Indicators
• Summarize the impact of cultural developments in the United States following World War II, including the significance of pop
5-5.1 culture and mass media and the population shifts to the suburbs. (G, H)
• Summarize changes in the United States economy following World War II, including the expanding job market and service
5-5.2 industry, consumerism, and new technology. (E, P, H)
• Explain the course of the Cold War, including differing economic and political philosophies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
5-5.4 (USSR) and the United States, the spread of Communism, McCarthyism, the Korean Conflict, the Berlin Wall, the space race, the Cuban
missile crisis, and the Vietnam War. (P, G, E, H)
• Explain the political alliances and policies that impacted the United States in the latter part of the twentieth century, including the North
5-5.5 Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). (P, H, E, G)
5-
SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST 2

3. THE COLD WAR ERA 3

4. The 1950s
World War II
4

5. Arts & Literature
Movies Book
• Fantasia (1940) • Curious George
• Citizen Kane (1941) Comics
• Lassie Come Home (1942)
• Superman
• Bambi (1942)
• Batman
• Casablanca (1943)
• Captain America
Radio Programs
Songs
• Dick Tracy
• “Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy”
• “I’m Dreaming of a White Christmas”
• “Zip-A-Dee-Dooh-Dah”
• “You Are My Sunshine”
WORLD WAR II 5

6. What’s New
1940 1947
• Penicillin • The Slinky
• Morton Salt • Elmer's Glue
• Tiffany’s become the first fully air- 1948
conditioned store. • The transistor
• M & Ms • Polaroid camera
1945 1949
• The first atomic bomb was tested • Silly Putty
1946 • The first atomic clock
• Electric blanket
WORLD WAR II 6

7. Births & Deaths
1940 1946
• Jack Nicklaus is born • Bill Clinton is born
1941 1947
• Jesse Jackson is born • Steven Spielberg is born
• Wilma Rudolph is born • Henry Ford dies
• Lou Gehrig dies 1948
1942 • Prince Charles is born
• Muhammed Ali is born • Orville Wright dies
• Aretha Franklin is born • Babe Ruth dies
1943
• Arthur Ashe is born
• George Washington Carver dies
WORLD WAR II 7

8. What Happened
1940 1947
• Winston Churchill becomes prime • The Dead Sea Scrolls are discovered
minister of Great Britain. 1948
1941 • The Jewish state of Israel is
• Japan bombs Pearl Harbor. proclaimed
1944 • The Olympic Games are held in
• Allied forces land at Normandy London
1945 1949
• Mussolini is killed • NATO is established
• Hitler commits suicide • The Soviet Union tests its first atomic
• Germany surrenders bomb.
• Japan surrenders
WORLD WAR II 8

9. U.S. Population
1850 23,191,876 1940 132,122,446
1860 31,443,321 1950 152,271,417
1870 38,555,983 1960 180,671,158
1880 50,189,209 1970 205,052,174
1890 62,947,714 1980 227,224,681
1900 76,094,000 1990 249,438,712
1910 92,407,000 2000 281,421,906
1920 106,461,000 2010 308,745,538
1930 123,076,741
WORLD WAR II 9

10. Average Wages
1930 $ 1,970.00* .
1940 $ 1,725.00*
1950 $ 2,799.16*
1960 $ 4,007.12
1970 $ 6,186.24
1980 $12,513.46
1990 $21,027.98
2000 $32,154.00
2010 $40,711.61*
http://www.ssa.gov/oact/cola/AWI.html
*Approximated
WORLD WAR II 10

11. Cost of a New Home
Median Average .
1930 $ 3,845*
1940 $ 3,920*
1950 $ 8,450*
1960 $ 12,700*
1970 $ 23,600
1980 $ 62,900 $ 72,400
1990 $125,000 $151,700
2000 $163,500 $200,000
2010 $218,000 $283,400
http://www.census.gov/const/uspricemon.pdf *Approximated
WORLD WAR II 11

12. Average Cost of a New Car
1930 $600.00 .
1940 $850.00
1950 $1,510.00
1960 $2,610.00
1970 $3,450.00
1980 $7,200.00
1990 $16,950.00
2000
2010
http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/
WORLD WAR II 12

13. Average Cost of a Gallon of Gas
1930 $ .10 .
1940 $ .11
1950 $ .18
1960 $ .25
1970 $ .36
1980 $1.19
1990 $1.34
2000 $1.49
2010 $2.78
WORLD WAR II 13

14. Average Cost of a Loaf of Bread
1930 $ .09 .
1940 $ .10
1950 $ .12
1960 $ .22
1970 $ .25
1980 $ .50
1990 $ .70
2000
2010
http://www.thepeoplehistory.com
WORLD WAR II 14

15. Average Cost of 1lb. Of Hamburger
1930 $ .12 .
1940 $ .20
1950 $ .30
1960 $ .45
1970 $ .70
1980 $ .99
1990 $ .89
2000
2010
http://www.thepeoplehistory.com
WORLD WAR II 15

16. Average Cost of a Movie Ticket
1910 $ .07 .
1920 $ .25*
1930 $ .35*
1940 $ .24
1950 $ .46*
1960 $ .51*
1970 $1.55
1980 $2.69
1990 $4.23
2000 $5.39
2010 $7.89
WORLD WAR II 16

17. Cost of a Postage Stamp to Send 1 oz.
1930 $ .02 .
1940 $ .03
1950 $ .03
1960 $ .04
1970 $ .07
1980 $ .15
1990 $ .25
2000 $ .33
2010 $ .44
WORLD WAR II 17

18. Life Expectancy
Average Life Expectancy Average Life Expectancy After Age 65
Men Women Men Women
1900 47.9 49.2 1900 + 11.5 + 12.2
1910 49.9 53.2 1910 + 11.2 + 12.0
1920 55.5 57.4 1920 + 12.2 + 12.7
1930 58.1 61.6 1930 + 11.7 + 12.8
1940 60.8 65.2 1940 + 12.7 + 14.7
1950 65.6 71.1 1950 + 13.1 + 16.2
1960 66.6 73.1 1960 + 13.2 + 17.4
1970 67.1 74.7 1970 + 13.8 + 18.6
1980 70.0 77.4 1980 + 14.6 + 19.1
1990 71.8 78.8 1990 + 15.3 + 19.6
2000 74.3 79.7 2000
2010 2010
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0005148.html http://www.ssa.gov/history/lifeexpect.html
WORLD WAR II 18

19. National Debt
1850 $ 63,452,773.55 1950 $ 257,357,352,351.04
1860 $ 64,842,287.88 1960 $ 286,330,760,848.37
1870 $ 2,480,672,427.81 1970 $ 370,918,706,949.93
1880 $ 2,120,415,370.63 1980 $ 907,701,000,000.00*
1890 $ 1,552,140,204.73 1990 $ 3,233,313,451,777.25
1900 $ 2,136,961,091.67 2000 $ 5,674,178,209,886.86
1910 $ 2,652,665,838.04 2010 $13,561,623,030,891.79
1920 $ 25,952,456,406.16
1930 $ 16,185,309,831.43
1940 $ 42,967,531,037.68
WORLD WAR II 19

20. The Cold War Era
The Cold War Era
20

21. Essential Questions
What concerns did the United States have
concerning Europe following World War II?
THE COLD WAR ERA 21

22. The Cold War
• The Cold War was a struggle between the United States and the
Soviet Union from the late 1940s to the early 1990s that was
fought with ideas, words, and money, but with no direct conflict
between the two countries.
• The Soviet Union was a communist country.
• Communism is a political and economic system in which the
government owns all businesses and land.
THE COLD WAR ERA 22

23. The Cold War
• The Truman Doctrine was the strategy that the United States
would use to keep communism from spreading.
• The Marshall Plan was a program under which the United States
provided funds to help European countries rebuild after World
War II.
THE COLD WAR ERA 23

24. The United Nations
The United Nations is an
international organization
formed in 1945 to promote
peace and end conflict.
THE COLD WAR ERA 24

25. The United Nations
Map of UN member states and their dependent territories as recognized by
the UN. Non-members shown: Vatican City, Palestinian territories, Western
Sahara.
25

26. The United Nations
United Nations General Assembly hall in New York City.
26

27. The United Nations
The interior of the Security Council chambers. The Security Council is
charged with maintaining peace and security among countries. The
Security Council is made up of 15 member states, including 5 permanent
members: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United 27
States.

28. The United Nations
“Knotted Gun” outside the United Nations headquarters.
28

29. The United Nations
The North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, NATO, is a
military alliance among the
nations of Western Europe
and the United States in
which they agreed to help
each other if attacked by
the Soviet Union.
THE COLD WAR ERA 29

30. The United Nations
NATO countries in blue (2009)
RECONSTRUCTION 30

31. Essential Questions
What was the Berlin Airlift?
THE COLD WAR ERA 31

32. The Berlin Airlift
East & West Germany
32

33. The Berlin Airlift
• Berlin was located 100 miles inside the Soviet occupation zone.
Like the country of Germany, Berlin, the former capital of
Germany, was divided into four sectors.
• A formal agreement was never made with the Soviet Union
allowing access to Berlin by road or train.
• On April 1, 1948, the Soviets began restricting traffic between
the American, British and French occupation zones and Berlin.
They also announced that no cargo could leave Berlin by rail
without the permission of the Soviet commander.
THE COLD WAR ERA 33

34. The Berlin Airlift
• On June 24, the Soviets severed communications between the
non-Soviet zones and Berlin. They also stopped all rail and
barge traffic in and out of the city.
• On June 25, the Soviets cut off electricity and stopped supplying
food to the civilian population in the non-Soviet sectors of Berlin.
• Automobiles were allowed to go to the western zones from
Berlin, but this required a 14 mile detour to a ferry crossing.
THE COLD WAR ERA 34

35. The Berlin Airlift
• The United States and Great Britain flew over 200,000 flights
that provided 13,000 tons of food daily. Seventeen American
and eight British aircraft crashed during the airlift. A total 101
people were killed in the operation.
THE COLD WAR ERA 35

36. The Berlin Airlift
C-47s unloading at Tempelhof Airport in Berlin during the Berlin Airlift.
36

37. The Berlin Airlift
Berlin civilians watching an airlift plane land at Templehof Airport in 1948
37

38. The Berlin Wall
• The Berlin Wall was a barrier built by East Germany that
completely enclosed the city of West Berlin, separating it from
East Germany, including East Berlin. The wall included guard
towers and large concrete walls. East Germany began building
the wall in August of 1961.
• There were eight border crossings between East and West
Berlin, which allowed visits into East Berlin by West
Berliners, West Germans, Western foreigners and citizens of
other socialist countries, if they received the necessary
permission.
THE COLD WAR ERA 38

39. The Berlin Wall
• While the Berlin Wall existed, around 5,000 people successfully
defected to West Berlin. During these same years, at least 136
deaths of people trying to defect from East Germany have been
confirmed.
THE COLD WAR ERA 39

40. The Berlin Wall
East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall in 1961
40

41. The Berlin Wall
East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall in 1961
41

42. The Berlin Wall
Eastern Bloc countries, also
known as Communist Bloc
countries or Soviet Bloc
countries, were Eastern
European communist countries
that aligned themselves with the
Soviet Union.
42

43. Essential Questions
What was the Korean War?
THE COLD WAR ERA 43

44. The Korean War
• The Korean War was a military conflict between the Republic of
Korea, backed by the United Nations, and the Democratic
People's Republic of Korea, backed by China and the Soviet
Union. The war began in June of 1950 and an armistice was
signed in July of 1953.
THE COLD WAR ERA 44

45. Essential Questions
What was the Red Scare?
THE COLD WAR ERA 45

46. The Red Scare
• Joseph McCarthy was a senator
from Wisconsin. In 1950 he gave a
speech in which he claimed that
communists were working in the
State Department. His accusation
was investigated by a Senate
committee but was found to be
groundless. Undeterred, McCarthy
continued his battle by accusing
various public figures of being
communists often with little, if any,
evidence.
THE COLD WAR ERA 46

47. The Red Scare
McCarthyism is “the practice of making
accusations of disloyalty, especially of pro-
Communist activity, in many instances
unsupported by proof or based on slight,
doubtful, or irrelevant evidence.”
Source: "mccarthyism." Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 09 Apr.
2012. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mccarthyism>.
THE COLD WAR ERA 47

48. Essential Questions
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
THE COLD WAR ERA 48

49. The Cuban Missile Crisis
• The Cuban Missile Crisis was a time of tension between the
United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over nuclear
missiles in Cuba.
THE COLD WAR ERA 49

50. The Cuban Missile Crisis
On October 14, 1962, a
U-2 spy plane piloted by
Major Richard S. Heyser
photographed the Soviet
military installing nuclear
warhead missiles in
Cuba.
50

51. The Cuban Missile Crisis
Adlai Stevenson shows aerial photos of Cuban missiles to the United Nations
in November 1962. 51

52. The Cuban Missile Crisis
U-2 reconnaissance photo, Cuba, 1962
52

53. The Cuban Missile Crisis
Rudolf Anderson, Jr.
53

54. The Cuban Missile Crisis
• On a reconnaissance flight over Cuba to photograph the
construction of ballistic missile sites and nuclear storage
facilities on October 27, Major Rudolf Anderson, Jr. was shot
down by a Soviet SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile. He was
the only direct human casualty of the Cuban Missile Crisis. He
was flying a U-2 spy plane.
THE COLD WAR ERA 54

55. The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Lockheed U-2R/TR-1 is single-seat, single-engine, high-altitude (70,000 feet)
surveillance aircraft flown by the United States Air Force. 55

56. The Cuban Missile Crisis
56

57. The Berlin Wall
Rudolf Anderson, Jr. received the
first Air Force Iron Cross ever
awarded. The Iron Cross is the
second highest military decoration
that can be awarded to a member
of the United States Air Force.
57

58. Air Force Cross Citation
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Title 10, Section 8742,
United States Code, takes pride in presenting the Air Force Cross (Posthumously) to
Major Rudolf Anderson, Jr., United States Air Force, for extraordinary heroism in
connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Pilot of a
U-2 airplane with the 4080th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, Strategic Air Command
(SAC), from 15 October 1962 to 27 October 1962. During this period of great national
crisis, Major Anderson, flying an unescorted, unarmed aircraft, lost his life while
participating in one of several aerial reconnaissance missions over Cuba. While
executing these aerial missions, Major Anderson made photographs which provided the
United States government with conclusive evidence of the introduction of long-range
offensive missiles into Cuba and which materially assisted our leaders in charting the
nation's military and diplomatic course. Through his extraordinary heroism, superb
airmanship, and aggressiveness in the face of the enemy, Major Anderson reflected the
highest credit upon himself and the United States Air Force.
THE COLD WAR ERA 58

59. Rudolf Anderson
• Rudolf Anderson Jr. was born in
Spartanburg, SC, on September
15, 1927.
• He graduated from Greenville High
School in 1944.
• He graduated from Clemson University in
1948 with a degree in textile engineering.
• He and his wife, Frances, had three
children.
• He was buried at Woodlawn Memorial
Park on November 6, 1962
59

60. Rudolf Anderson
60

61. Rudolf Anderson
On May 19, 1963, this F-86 Saber Jet, similar to the ones which he flew in Korea, was
dedicated in his honor. The Saber Jet was Major Anderson’s favorite plane to fly. 61

62. Rudolf Anderson
• Dedicated to Major Rudolf
Anderson Jr.
• Sept. 15, 1927 – Oct. 27, 1962
• In a period of great international
stress he performed his duty of
great responsibility with honor.
He was awarded the distinguished
service medal and gave his life
that America could proceed on a
course toward peace without the
threat of tyrants.
62

63. Rudolf Anderson
• While on a thirteen mile high
reconnaissance mission over Cuba
during the Cuban Missile Crisis, On
October 27, 1962, Major Rudolf
Anderson, Jr., a U-2 pilot, was shot down
by a Soviet SA-2 surface-to-air missile.
He was the only man of any nationality to
lose his life in the conflict and that was
the key event that avoided war with the
U.S.S.R.
• Major Anderson was a senior pilot with
over 3,000 hours flying time, of which
over 1,000 hours were as a U-2 pilot.
• He served in the Korean War as a
reconnaissance pilot and was awarded
the Distinguished Flying Cross with two
Clusters. 63

64. Rudolf Anderson
• President John F. Kennedy awarded
Major Anderson the Distinguished
Service Medal and the first Air Force
Cross posthumously.
• Major Anderson’s shoot down and
Supreme Sacrifice over Cuba was
particularly significant in had this not
happened, experts of the Cuban Missile
Crisis agree that the United States would
have stumbled into a cold war.
• On May 19, 1963, this F-86 Saber Jet,
similar to the ones which he flew in
Korea, was dedicated in his honor and
was re-dedicated on its 35 th anniversary,
May 19, 1998. The Saber Jet was Major
Anderson’s favorite plane to fly.
64

65. Essential Questions
What was the Vietnam Conflict?
THE COLD WAR ERA 65

66. The Vietnam Conflict
• The Vietnam Conflict was a conflict in the 1960s and 1970s in
which the United States sent soldiers to South Vietnam to try to
prevent communists from taking over the nation.
THE COLD WAR ERA 66

67. Essential Questions
What was the Space Race?
THE COLD WAR ERA 67

68. The Space Race
• The space race was a race between the United States and the
Soviet Union to explore outer space during the Cold War.
THE COLD WAR ERA 68

69. The Space Race
John Glenn was the first American
astronaut to orbit Earth.
69

70. The Space Race
Neil Armstrong was an American
astronaut who was the first person
to walk on the moon, in 1969.
70

71. The Space Race
Neil Armstrong, Alan Shepherd, Buz Aldrin
71

72. The Space Race
Neil Armstrong stepping onto the moon’s surface
72

73. The Space Race
An American astronaut on the Moon
73