Bellacor Pro Lighting CEU

1. Course sponsor
Lighting Design
101 Color & Light
An AIA Continuing Education Program
Credit for this course is 1 AIA/CES Learning Unit
Frankie Cameron
2425 ENTERPRISE DR. STE.900
Mendota Heights, MN 55120
fcameron@bellacor.com
877-723-5522 ext 2552

2. An American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Continuing Education Program
Approved Promotional Statement:
Ron Blank & Associates is a registered provider with The American Institute Of
Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this
program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates Of
Completion for non-AIA members available on request."
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement
by the AIA or Ron Blank & Associates of any material of
construction or any method or manner of handling, using,
distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions
related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

3. Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International copyright
laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the
presentation without written permission of
© Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. 2008
or
© Bellacor 2008
is prohibited.

4. An American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Continuing Education Program
Course Format: This is a structure, web-based, self study course with a final
exam.
Course Credit: 1 Health Safety & Welfare (HSW) learning unit (LU)
Completion Certificate: A copy is sent to you by email or you can print one upon
successful completion of a course. If you have any difficulties printing or
receiving by email please send requests to carol@ronblank.com
Design professionals please make sure and print your
certificate after successfully completing a course. All AIA and
non- AIA members will be sent a copy of your certificate to the
email address you provided in your Ron Blank account.

5. Learning Objectives
At the conclusion of this course the
designer will be able to:
•Define the “Layers of Lighting”
•Design a lighting plan based on the “Layers of
Lighting” technique
•Know the difference in bulb technologies and select
the correct bulb for any application
•Help their clients make informed decisions on energy
saving technologies
Following the presentation you
will be asked to take a short quiz

6. Introduction
• This course is intended to provide
information on the lighting technologies
available today and their intended use
• This course covers the “Layers of Lighting”
technique
• This course defines color temperature and
how to use this to select the proper lighting
for an application

7. What is Expected of a
Residential Lighting Design?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
It should enhance the space’s overall style with the correct
quality and quantity of light
It should provide sufficient lighting to accommodate how the
space is used and the tasks that will be performed
It should be appropriate for the budget and client sensitivities
It should consider how much energy and waste will be
produced
It should enhance the style and design of the space – not
detract from it
It should use proper bulbs and color temperature
It should make use of the proper switch and dimmer
placement and capabilities

8. The Kelvin Scale
The following slide shows the Kelvin Scale, it is
important to remember the following:
•All bulbs are rated according to this scale which
indicates their color temperature
•General residential/typical incandescent lighting is
between 2700K and 3000K, which produces a slightly
warmer light
•Many fluorescent bulbs can now produce light in that
same range
•Make sure when selecting bulbs that they have the
correct color temperature for the space

9. The Kelvin Scale

10. Lighting Design Concepts
Your lighting designs
should follow the
same concept as the
interior design –
whether that is cool
and contemporary or
warm and traditional.
.

11. The Layers
Approach
As taught by Jim Benya
in his book Lighting Design
Basics, Wiley Press

12. The Layers Approach
•
The ambient layer is general
overhead lighting such as,
recessed or ceiling mounted

13. The Layers Approach
•
•
The ambient layer is general
overhead lighting such as,
recessed or ceiling mounted
Task lighting is oriented to
any area where tasks will be
performed such as desk
lamps or under-cabinet lights

14. The Layers Approach
•
•
•
The ambient layer is general
overhead lighting such as,
recessed or ceiling mounted
Task lighting is oriented to
any area where tasks will be
performed such as desk
lamps or under-cabinet lights
The focal layer is used to
focus attention to artwork or
displays

15. The Layers Approach
•
•
•
•
The ambient layer is general
overhead lighting such as,
recessed or ceiling mounted
Task lighting is oriented to
any area where tasks will be
performed such as desk
lamps or under-cabinet lights
The focal layer is used to
focus attention to artwork or
displays
Decorative lighting is any
lighting chosen to enhance
the overall feel of a space

16. The Layers Approach
The Ambient Layer
• Provides overall lighting in a room
• Provides the light for moving around and
basic visual recognition
• Does not illuminate specific tasks

17. Ambient Lighting (General Lighting)
Here you see cove lighting that is meant to reflect off a
white ceiling and is meant to produce a soft even glow. As
mentioned, Ambient Lighting could also be recessed lights
or ceiling mounted fixtures or even track lighting.

18. The Layers Approach
Light levels are critical
• More contrast between the ambient lighting and
task lighting in a room will create a space that feels
more dramatic
• However if the ambient light levels are closer to the
task light levels the space will appear brighter,
cheerier, and more relaxing
Note: This is easy to achieve with up lighting.
The following slides provide examples

19. High contrast
between ambient
and task light levels,
create drama!
This space clearly shows a high contrast between the
recessed, ambient lighting and the task lighting provided
by the under-cabinet and hood lights, creating a very
dramatic quality. This is easily achieved with dimmers.

20. Similar ambient
and task light
levels create a
brighter, cheerier,
friendly space.
This space shows more consistent lighting in the
overhead recessed and the under-cabinet and pendant
lights. This appears to be a bright and sunny space.

21. The Layers Approach
The Task Layer
• The task layer lights a work space where tasks
should occur such as a table or a desk
• These luminaries include table lamps, floor lamps,
desk lamps, drafting lamps, under cabinet lights,
and shelf lights

22. Ambient and Task Lighting
This is an example of task lighting as recessed down lights
that are positioned directly above the work surfaces, the
table and the countertop.

23. The Layers Approach
The Focal Layer
• Focal lighting’s primary purpose is to illuminate
features, artwork and displays
• Most of the time it should be designed to be
adjustable in case the display changes, for example,
from one painting to two
• Track lighting is most popular use of focal lighting;
most museums use track lighting for this reason
• The actual light is meant to be innocuous – the idea
is to draw attention to the display not the lights

24. Ambient, Task, and Focal Lighting
This slide shows recessed, adjustable lights being used for
the focal layer. Recessed lighting works for this application
but will not suffice if the display is changed.

25. The Layers Approach
The Decorative Layer
• The “jewelry of architecture”
• Purpose is to ornament space, add style and
fashion
• Avoid counting on the decorative light to suit a task
lighting need, unless it is a directional fixture

26. Ambient, Task, Focal,
and Decorative Lighting
Chandelier
This example shows a chandelier as the decorative layer in
this space but could also include wall sconces.

27. Case Study 1
The following slide shows an example of the “Layers
of Lighting”
•The pendant in this example is both decorative and
ambient because it directs the light upwards and
reflects off the white ceiling and spreads diffuse light
into the kitchen
•The task layer includes both the under cabinet and
hood lights as well as the recessed fixtures that focus
light onto the work surfaces
•The focal layer includes the interior cabinet lights
and the backsplash lights that highlight the displays

28. Ambient
Recessed cans,
up-lit pendant
Task
Under cabinet,
hood light,
recessed cans
Focal
Cabinet lights,
backsplash
Decorative
Pendant

29. Case Study 2
• In the following example, the ambient lighting is the
cove lighting that is dimmable for different ‘scenes’
in this space
• The decorative layer is the chandelier and wall
sconce
• The task lighting is the recessed and under cabinet
lighting
•
Note: this space is another example of a dramatic space
created by the high contrast between the ambient layer and
task layer light levels. This is easily created with the up lit
cove lighting and dimmer.

30. Case Study 2
Ambient
Cove
Decorative
Chandelier and
Sconce
Task
Recessed and
Under cabinet
lighting

31. Case Study 3
• In the following example, the pendant and wall
sconces provide both ambient and decorative
lighting
• The recessed lights provide the task and focal
lighting

32. Case Study 3
Decorative
and Ambient
Chandelier
and Sconce
Task
Recessed
Focal
Recessed

33. Case Study 4
• The following space shows the chandelier and wall
sconces providing the decorative and ambient
lighting
• The recessed lights provide both task and focal
lighting

34. Case Study 4
Decorative
and Ambient
Chandelier
and Sconce
Task
Recessed
Focal
Recessed

35. Case Study 5
• The next slide shows recessed lights providing the
ambient lighting
• The task lighting is provided by the under cabinet
lights and the pendants and chandelier
• Note: The pendants and chandelier can serve as
both decorative and task lights because they are
directional fixtures that focus their light down onto
the eating areas or work surfaces.
• Note: This is another good example of a brighter
and cheerier space because the ambient and task
light layers are at a similar level.

36. Case Study 5
Ambient
Recessed
cans
Task
Under cabinet
lights,
Pendants,
Chandelier
Decorative
Pendants,
Chandelier

37. Things to
Remember:
Room by Room
A basic list of lighting
considerations

38. Foyer & Major Spaces
Ambient and focal lighting are important in these
spaces and no task lighting may be required at all.
Some form of decorative lighting is good in order to
set the tone.
•A chandelier or sconce(s)
is expected.
•Warm the floor with
down-lighting
•Accent light art walls

39. Living Room
It is important to highlight the
fireplace if there is one. This could
be to draw your attention to a piece
of art above the mantel or to accent
the stone surround.
Generally, good overall lighting is
required and should be dimmable to
achieve different ambiance for this
space according to the current use.
For example, you may need more
light if you are reading or playing a
board game, and less if you are
entertaining.

40. Dining Room
The dining room is often an area
that is not thought of as requiring
much of a lighting plan, but it is
important to think both in terms of
usage and aesthetics. Task oriented
lighting may be required for the
table area, decorative lighting is a
must and focal lighting is often
required for decorative objects.
Dimmable lighting is also necessary
to create the appropriate moods in
this space. You may want higher light levels for a family dinner
and lower light levels for a more intimate occasion.

41. Kitchens
Kitchens are much more task oriented than most
other spaces in a home, therefore, they require
enough lighting for the task at hand, whatever that
may be.
•Under-cabinet lights
•Down-lights for islands
and peninsulas
•Down-light for the sink
•High light levels otherwise

42. Bedrooms
Bedrooms are the one place that lower light levels are
acceptable, especially if task lamps are provided in
appropriate areas, such as a reading chair and
bedside tables. Bedrooms should be a relaxing space;
therefore high light levels are not needed.
•Conducive to sleep
•Create a refuge from
more active and social spaces

43. Bathrooms
Bathrooms are also very task oriented and should
have the proper amount of lighting in the right areas,
like the vanity, shower or bathtub.
•Light the vanity
•Light the Face
•Light the tub and shower

44. Other Things to Remember
• Don’t over do the controls, keep it simple.
• Look for opportunities for task lighting; ask how the
space is to be used if it is not apparent.
• LED’s are perfect for night lights or stairways.
• Don’t over do day lighting or energy savings will be
lost in heating and cooling costs.
• Focal lighting needs to be properly installed and
adjusted to draw attention to the artwork or
display.
• Don’t forget exterior spaces! These areas can
utilize the same lighting techniques.

45. Daylighting:
Important things to
consider

46. Natural Light
Natural lighting is so
important to our psyche but
don’t forget how the space
functions at all times of the
day or night. Make sure to
provide enough artificial
lighting to compensate for
overcast days or night
time.

47. Technology

48. Incandescent
Pros
• Last 750 to 1000 hours
• Dimming can extend
lamp life
• Color temp is about
2700K
• Pleasing color
• Inexpensive
Cons
• Least energy efficient
• Loses 95% of energy to
heat

49. Incandescent
These lamps are generally preferred for the color rendering
quality; they have a slightly warmer light which we find
pleasing to the eye. However, there are fluorescent lamps
now available with the same color temperature.

50. Halogen
These bulbs offer a similar color temperature to
incandescent bulbs but last longer and are slightly
more energy efficient. However, they do get
extremely hot.
•Moderate life (2000 to 4000 hours)
•Dimmable
•Appealing color
•Slightly more efficient than
incandescent
•Color temp is 2800 to 3100K
•Heat is a problem

51. Halogen

52. Fluorescent
Fluorescent bulbs are becoming the obvious
replacement for incandescent bulbs as we are
moving towards higher energy saving standards.
They do contain a small amount of mercury but if
recycled properly, they actually cause less mercury to
be exposed to the atmosphere through lowered
energy consumption. For recycling information in your
area visit www.earth911.org.

53. Fluorescent
Pros
• Good energy efficiency
• Good to excellent color
• Dimmable
• Many more decorative
fixture styles available
Cons
• Sensitive to cold
• Contain Mercury

54. Energy Saving Lighting

55. Neon & Cold Cathode
•
•
•
•
Last 20,000 to 40,000 hours
Reasonable energy efficiency
Dimmable
Great for cove lighting

56. Cold Cathode
Fluorescent Shelf Lighting

57. Cold Cathode
Fluorescent Shelf Lighting
Here are two examples of cold
cathode shelves; you can see
that they emit a slightly cooler,
bluish light.

58. LED: The
Technology
and The
Environment

59. LED: The Technology
and The Environment
In our ever-growing need for energy efficiency in
everything from autos to light bulbs, more and more
research is being put into the technology of LEDs. In
the past few years, LEDs have gradually replaced
incandescent and fluorescent bulbs in many
applications, including traffic lights, flashlights and
reading lamps. While compact fluorescent bulbs are
still the best choice for cost-effective energy
efficiency, LEDs are rapidly rising as the newest
contender on the market.

60. LED: The Technology
and The Environment
The incandescent bulb has changed little since its
invention in 1879 by Thomas Edison. A regular 40watt incandescent bulb burns through a lot more
energy than it needs to produce the light you see. It
typically converts only about 5% of the expended
energy into visible light, while the remaining 90-95%
is lost in heat. On the other hand, LED light bulbs
generate very little heat, transferring most of their
energy directly into light.

61. LED: The Technology
and The Environment
The latest technology allows the LED light bulb to
produce about the same amount of light as a compact
fluorescent bulb (CFL). However, LED light is
completely directional, unlike incandescent and
fluorescent bulbs which splash light in all directions.
LEDs focus their light in one direction, so that you
have light exactly where you want it, which is great for
task lights but is undesirable in ambient or general
lighting fixtures. CFL and incandescent bulbs are
better choices for general lighting.

62. LED: The Technology
and The Environment
LED light bulbs emit a pleasing white light into a
space. Unlike the yellowish light we're so used to
seeing from incandescent bulbs, the white light cast
by LEDs typically has a slightly bluish tinge and is
closer to the color temperature of daylight. The white
light of LEDs is easier on your eyes and has also
been proven to be effective in treating Seasonal
Affective Disorder (SAD). We have recently seen
LEDs in warmer white light as well.

63. LED: The Technology
and The Environment
Because of advancing technology and improvements
to the manufacturing processes, LED bulbs will soon
become more affordable to the average consumer.
The Department of Energy has estimated that LED
lighting could reduce U.S. energy consumption for
lighting by 29% by 2025, saving the nation's
households about $125 billion in the process.

64. LED Benefits - At A Glance:
• Saves money on electricity
• Light is comparable to the color of daylight
• Uses only 2-10 watts of electricity (1/3rd to 1/30th of
incandescent or CFL)
• Long lasting - up to 60,000-hour bulb life
• Runs cool (warm to the touch) - generates little heat
compared to standard bulbs
• Works with most dimmer switches
• Instant on/off
• Works in cold weather
• Can sustain moderate power surges
• Durable bulbs - no fragile filaments to break
• Directional lighting generates less wasted light
• Works with sensor-activated lights

65. LED’s
Pros
• These light sources offer an extremely long lamp life,
approximately 60,000 hours (depending on the bulb
type and manufacturer).
• They are available in many colors excellent for special
effects and are now offered in warmer white light
comparable to incandescent bulbs.
• They are extremely small.
• Offer energy savings of up to 90 percent over
incandescent bulbs.
• Some manufacturers are already producing decorative
fixtures with LED technology.
Cons
• They are expensive but are becoming more affordable.
• There are no standards in place to test LED’s.

66. LED Applications for the Home
•
•
•
•
•
Step lights
Marker sconces
Unusual lights
Exterior
Color changing
cove lights
• Under and inside
cabinet lights
• Special effects
LEDs are great for unusual lighting applications or for areas that
will be difficult for bulb replacement.

67. LED Rope Lights
• Suitable for interior or exterior
• Used for cove lighting, under or over
cabinets, bookshelves or toe kicks
• About 60,000 hours of illumination
• Emits little heat and is cool to the
touch
• 85% energy savings
compared to incandescent
rope lights
• Color temp is 4000 degrees Kelvin

68. Course Summary
By now you should be able to:
• Define the “Layers of Lighting”
• Design a lighting plan based on the “Layers of
Lighting” technique
• Know the difference in bulb technologies and select
the correct bulb for any application
• Help your clients make informed decisions on
energy saving technologies
Please proceed to take the short quiz
to receive 1 AIA/CES Learning Unit

69. Course sponsor
Lighting Design
101 Color & Light
An AIA Continuing Education Program
Credit for this course is 1 AIA/CES Learning Unit
Frankie Cameron
2425 ENTERPRISE DR. STE.900
Mendota Heights, MN 55120
fcameron@bellacor.com
877-723-5522 ext 2552