FIDM Art History 1 review class 8

1. POMPEII MT. VESUVIUS Roman painting

2. NERO: --He commits suicide in 68 AD. --The Senate declares him an enemy of the state and Galba, a Roman governor in Spain, marches on Rome. --Nero commits suicide and Galba becomes emperor --Galba is assassinated and two other emperors quickly come and go --The eastern armies declare their general, Vespasian, as emperor.

3. Vespasian

4. Rome: Imperial portraiture—Vespasian (return to veristic style)

5. Vespasian Flavian Ampitheater: “ COLOSSEUM”

6.  Doric (Tuscan)  Corinthian pilasters  Corinthian  Ionic Roman architecture: The COLOSSEUM

7. Roman architecture: arch construction VOUSSOIRS: wedge-shaped blocks which comprise an arch KEYSTONE: Central voussoirs

8.   FORCE ABSORBS FORCE = STABILITY   Roman architecture: arch construction

9. ARCADE: Series of arches Roman architecture: arch construction

10. Roman architecture: arch construction VAULT: an arch extended in space

11. Roman monuments: arches Arch of Titus TRIUMPHAL ARCH (Triumph)

12. Triumphal Columns Column of Trajan Roman monuments: columns

13. Roman monuments: The Column of Trajan Celebrates victory over the Dacians

14. Roman architecture: Forums—Basilicas

15. Roman architecture: Basilicas  APSE APSE  NAVE: main hall NAVE  APSE: semi-ciruclar space at ends

16. Roman Imperial portraiture: Hadrian  Bearded:  To appear more “ Greek”

17. Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli

18. Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli Antinoos: Hadrian’s lover CANOPUS: Surrounded by statues of Antinoos as Narcissus

19. PANTHEON: All the (planetary) gods Hadrianic architecture: The Pantheon

20. Diocletian The TETRARCHY: Four rulers (Augusti and Caesari)

21. Constantine (the Great) Battle of the Milvian Bridge, 312 AD

22. The Vision of Constantine CHI RHO “ Chi” + “rho” + istos “ Christos”

23. The Arch of Constantine SPOLIA

24. The Arch of Constantine Carved for the arch: a less classical style Spolia—recycled from earlier monuments: classical style

25. Early Christian Art CATACOMBS Originally just beyond the borders of Rome (it was technically illegal to bury bodies within the city limits). Begun as sites for the burial of pagan Romans. Later, large numbers of Christians (amongst whom burial was by far the most popular treatment for the deceased) were buried in them.

26. CUBICULI: small rooms or chambers; often for family burials. Frequently decorated with wall paintings. LOCULI: wall niches in long passageways for individual burials. Early Christian Art: Catacombs 

27. Roman fourth-style wall painting Christian catacomb painting

28. Early Christian Art: Catacombs Simple subject matter (Orantes: man’s relationship with God)

29. Simple subject matter (Christ as the Good Shepherd) Early Christian Art: Catacombs 

30. Christian “Good Shepherd” Roman pastoral painting Early Christian Art: Catacombs

31. Early Christian Art: Catacombs Old Testament Scenes Old Testament: Moses draws water from a rock; saves Israelites New Testament: Baptism Both = Salvation through water

32. Parting of the Red Sea, Christian catacombs Parting of the Red Sea, Dura-Europos Synagogue

33. Early Christian Art: Catacombs Old Testament Scenes Adam and Eve (Book of Genesis)

34.   Jonah is swallowed (dead) for three days and rises Christ is dead for three days and rises Early Christian Art: Catacombs Old Testament Scenes

35. NAVE APSE  Early Christian Architecture BASILICA CHURCHES  TRANSEPT (Crossing)

36. ATTRIBUTES: unique characteristics with identify particular Christian saints   ST. PETER: KEYS (the keys to the kingdom)

37. ST. MARY MAGDALENE: OINTMENT JAR (annointed Christ’s feet) 

38. ST. ANDREW: X-SHAPED CROSS (crucified on a cross in this shape) 

39. Ravenna  --In 395 the Empire was split according to the will of Emperor Theodosius I; Arcadius was given the east, Honorius the west. --Due to incursions by Visigoths, Honorius moved his capital to Ravenna in 402, which remained the western capital of the Empire until 751. --Due to its political importance and favorable position for trade, it became the most prosperous city in the west.

40. Ravenna: Mausoleum of Galla Placidia