1. Coffee and elderly
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2. Introduction
 The health effects of coffee have been
studied to determine how coffee drinking
affects humans.
 The coffee bean itself contains caffeine which
are mild psychotropics for humans
 These chemicals are toxic in large doses, or
even in their normal amount when consumed
by many creatures which may otherwise have
side effects.
 caffeine stimulates the production
of cortisone and adrenaline
 two stimulating hormones -caffeine
dependency and withdrawal symptoms 2

3. Benefits
Adverse effects
 Reduced risk of Alzheimer's • Caffeine
disease and Dementia dependency
 Reduced risk of gallstone • Bone density
disease loss
 Reduced risk of Parkinson's • Anxiety and
disease sleep change
• Gastrointestinal
 Cognitive performance
problems
 Analgesic property • Cholesterol
 Antidiabetic
 Liver protection
 Cancer
 Cardioprotective
 Laxative/diuretic
 Antioxidant
 Prevention of dental caries
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4. Beneficial effects
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5. Reduced risk of Alzheimer's
disease and Dementia
 Several studies comparing moderate coffee drinkers (defined
as 3–5 cups per day) with light coffee drinkers (defined as 0–
2 cups per day) found that those who drank more coffee were
significantly less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease later in
life.
-caffeine significantly decreased abnormal levels of the
protein (beta amyloid protein ) linked to Alzheimer's disease
 A longitudinal study in 2009 found that moderate coffee
drinkers had reduced risk of developing dementia in addition
to Alzheimer's disease
 Caffeine consumers did not seem to have lower rates of
dementia.
-it might be that caffeine could slow the dementia process
rather than preventing it
1. Caffeine Reverses Cognitive Impairment and Decreases Brain Amyloid-β Levels in Aged Alzheimer's Disease Mice; Gary W Arendash,
Takashi Mori, Chuanhai Cao, Malgorzata Mamcarz, Melissa Runfeldt, Alexander Dickson, Kavon Rezai-Zadeh, Jun Tan, Bruce A Citron,
Xiaoyang Lin, Valentina Echeverria, and Huntington Potter; Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, Volume 17:3 (July 2009).
2. Caffeine Suppresses Amyloid-β Levels in Plasma and Brain of Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mice; Chuanhai Cao, John R Cirrito,
Xiaoyang Lin, Lilly Wang, Deborah K Verges, Alexander Dickson, Malgorzata Mamcarz, Chi Zhang, Takashi Mori, Gary W Arendash,
David M Holzman, and Huntington Potter; Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, Volume 17:3 (July 2009).
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6. Reduced risk of gallstone
disease
 Drinking caffeinated coffee has been
correlated with a lower incidence
of gallstones and gallbladder disease
in both men and women in two studies
performed by the Harvard School of
Public Health
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7. Reduced risk of Parkinson's
disease
 A study comparing heavy coffee
drinkers (3.5 cups a day) with non-
drinkers found that the coffee drinkers
were significantly less likely to
develop Parkinson‘s disease later in
life
 Likewise, a second study found an
inverse relationship between the
amount of coffee regularly drank and
the likelihood of developing
Parkinson's disease 7

8. Cognitive performance
 A study published in the August 7,
2007, issue of Neurology, the medical
journal of the American Academy of
Neurology stated that caffeine is a
psychostimulant which appears to
reduce cognitive decline in women
but not in men
-Women may be more sensitive to the
effects of caffeine as their bodies may
react differently to the stimulant, or
they may metabolize caffeine
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9. Liver protection
 Coffee can also reduce the incidence
of cirrhosis of the liver and has been
linked to a reduced risk of hepatocellular
carcinoma
 caffeine have potent anti-fibrotic that
able to antagonize the Smad pathway (by
Gressner and colleagues report published in the Journal of Hepatology)
 This preventative effect was only seen in
people at higher risk for liver disease due
to heavy alcohol intake, being
overweight or having diabetes or iron
overload.
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10. Cancer
 Coffee consumption is also correlated in Africa to a reduced
risk of oral, esophageal, and pharyngeal cancer
 In ovarian cancer, no benefit was found.
 In the Nurses‘ Health Study, a modest reduction in breast
cancer was observed in postmenopausal women only, which
was not confirmed in decaffeinated coffee, and a reduction
in endometrial cancer was observed in people who drank
either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee.
 According to one study, coffee protects the liver cancer.
 Another preliminary study found a correlation between coffee
consumption and a lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer
-coffee has effects on insulin and glucose metabolism as well
as sex hormone levels, all of which play a role in prostate
cancer.
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11. Cardioprotective
 Coffee moderately reduces the incidence
of dying from cardiovascular disease,
according to a large prospective cohort
study published in 2008.
 A 2009 prospective study in Japan
following nearly 77,000 individuals aged
40 to 79 found that coffee consumption,
along with caffeine intake, was
associated with a reduced risk of dying
from cardiovascular disease.
1. Dórea, J.G. and da Costa, T.H.M. 2005. Review article: Is coffee a functional food? Brit. J.
Nutr. 93: 773-782.
2. Higdon, J.V. and Frei, B. 2006. Coffee and health: A review of recent human research. Crit.
Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 46(2): 101-123
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12. Laxative/diuretic
 Coffee is also a powerful stimulant
for peristalsis and is sometimes
considered to prevent constipation.
-However, coffee can also cause
excessively loose bowel movements
 Caffeine does not act as a diuretic when
consumed in moderation
-does not lead to dehydration or to
a water-electrolyte imbalance
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13. Antioxidant
 Coffee contains the anticancer
compound methylpyridinium.
-Methylpyridinium is not present in raw coffee
beans but is formed during the roasting process
from trigonelline, which is common in raw coffee
beans.
-It is present in both caffeinated and
decaffeinated coffee, and even in instant coffee.
 Research funded by Kraft shows that roast
coffee contains more lipophilic antioxidants
and chlorogenic acid lactones that is more
protective against hydrogen peroxide-induced
cell death in primary neuronal cells
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14. Prevention of dental caries
 The tannins in coffee may reduce the
cariogenic potential of foods.
 In vitro experiments have shown that
these polyphenolic compounds may
interfere with glucosyltransferase
activity of mutans streptococci, which
may reduce plaque formation
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15. Adverse effects
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16. Loss of bone density
 According to a study on osteoporosis,
Rupuri et. al found that that women with
homozygous vitamin D receptor taking
high caffeine has significantly higher
rates of bone loss at spine
 However, an editorlial by Linda Massey
in the American Journal of clinical
nutrition recommend that moderate
caffeine intake in elderly women is
normal as the VDR genotype theory is
not practical to be put in every elderly
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17. Anxiety and sleep changes
 elderly with excessive coffee
consumption may develop anxiety
and irritability as well as withdrawal
symptom.
 Coffee can also cause insomnia
others than causing narcolepsy
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18. Gastrointestinal problems
 Coffee can damage the lining of the
gastrointestinal organs, causing
gastritis and ulcers.
 The consumption of coffee is therefore
not recommended for people with
gastritis, colitis, and ulcers
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19. Cholesterol
 A 2007 study by the Baylor College of
Medicine indicates
that cafestol and kahweol, found only
in coffee beans, may raise levels
of low-density lipoprotein or LDL in
humans.
 This increase in LDL levels is an
indicator that coffee raises cholesterol
in the body.
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20. Conclusions
 Coffee drinkers gain more benefits
 Moderate coffee intake is useful for
elderly in term of reducing risk of
Alzheimer disease, dementia,
gallstone and preventing cancer.
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21. Thank you
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